期刊:
Journal of Cleaner Production,2023年396:136464 ISSN:0959-6526
作者机构:
[Li, Jia; Jiao, Limin] Wuhan Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Jiao, Limin] Wuhan Univ, Key Lab Geog Informat Syst, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Li, Fenghang] Wuhan Univ, Dong Fureng Inst Econ & Social Dev, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Lu, Xinhai; Li, Runpeng] Cent China Normal Univ, Coll Publ Adm, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Hou, Jiao] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Management, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Construction land;Carbon emissions;Spatial disequilibrium;Spatial panel quantile regression
摘要:
Revealing the spatial disequilibrium and influencing factors of carbon emission intensity of construction land (CEICL) is of great significance for improving the sustainable utilization of urban land, and helping to achieve global green and low-carbon development. This study estimates the CEICL of 285 cities in China from 2008 to 2019. Then, this paper analyzes the spatial disequilibrium of CEICL, and discusses the spatial heterogeneity of the influencing factors at different levels of CEICL. The results show that the CEICL has an inverted “U-shape”, increasing first and decreasing later, with most cities concentrating on 0.3 million tons/km2 and some cities breaking through 3 million tons/km2. Also, the results imply a relatively large gap in CEICL among cities, despite a gradually narrowing trend of this gap. Among regions, the average annual difference of CEICL is about 0.1–0.4 million tons/km2 for cities of the same scale. Within regions, CEICL decreases with increasing city scale, and the agglomeration characteristics of high-high and low-low values within regions are significant and stable, and the spatial lock-in effect is strong. Moreover, the results infer a negative spatial spillover effect in CEICL in China, and the significant spatial heterogeneity effect of the seven factors (i.e., population agglomeration intensity, industrial structure upgrading, land development intensity, land investment intensity, economic output level, technological R&D and innovation, and ecological resource endowment) on CEICL in cities of different regions and scales. This study provides a scientific basis and empirical support for developing differentiated and feasible carbon reduction policies based on cities' own characteristics.
摘要:
In this work, the polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) was blended with the material of polyvinylidene fluoride modified by imidazolium ionic liquid (PVDF-IL) and finally a kind of porous PVDF-IL-PVP composite membrane was successfully prepared after membrane casting and ethanol treatment. The porous structure of the membranes was evaluated by SEM in detail and the existence of PVP was also proved by FTIR results. Combining with the porous structure and the addition of PVP, the water uptake and acid uptake of the membranes were improved a lot which greatly promoted the affinity between the electrolytes and the membranes. The properties of the PVDF-IL-PVP membranes were investigated systematically. The modified membranes showed a great increment in ion conductivity. Additionally, the vanadium permeabilities of PVDF-IL-PVP20 and PVDF-IL-PVP30 membranes were also lower than that of Nafion115. At the current density of 100 mA/cm2, the battery assembled with the PVDF-IL-PVP30 membrane exhibited higher Coulombic efficiency (97.82% vs. 97.29%), voltage efficiency (85.17% vs. 82.30%), and energy efficiency (83.31% vs. 80.07%) compared to Nafion115, in conjunction with excellent cycle stability in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). In conclusion, this work provides a kind of well-performed membrane that has great potential for the application in VRFBs.
通讯机构:
[Akira Nakayama] S;School of Power and Energy, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China<&wdkj&>Faculty of Engineering, Shizuoka University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 432-8561, Japan
摘要:
The Graetz problem in a transpiration-cooled channel was analytically attacked so as to explore the developing temperature field due to a sudden change in wall temperature of the channel subject to an arbitrary distribution of the local mass flux over the porous wall. Analytical expressions for the developments of the thermal boundary layer thickness, wall temperature, and Nusselt number were obtained for the thermal entrance region, assuming hydrodynamically forced convective flow in a channel with a locally variable blowing mass flux. When the blowing mass flux is kept constant over the wall surface, the cooling by the coolant is less effective near the entrance, thus, exposing to danger of thermal damage. This study reveals that the blowing mass flux graded inversely proportional to one-third power of the axial distance is quite effective to keep the wall temperature uniform. Numerical calculations based on finite volume method were also carried out to verify the analysis. The findings from this study can be applied to possible thermal managements of heat generating stacks such as in EV batteries and PEMFC, in which temperature uniformity is essential for product longevity.
摘要:
This study evaluated the changes in phenolic and reactive oxygen species metabolism, and microbial diversity in fresh-cut lotus roots following ethanol treatment to elucidate the potential mechanisms of ethanol in controlling microbial growth and browning. Activity suppression and gene expression downregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase took place with ethanol treatment, resulting in the decreased accumulation of total phenols and soluble quinones. The total phenol and soluble quinone contents of ethanol-treated slices were 12.63% and 30.22% lower than those in the control group, respectively, after 12 d of storage. Ethanol treatment changed the level of eleven individual phenols, two of which were associated with antioxidant ability. Besides, the ethanol-treated slices exhibited the reduced production of reactive oxygen species, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, improved ascorbic acid contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging rate, and the upregulated transcriptional levels of NnGR and NnGST. Moreover, the integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses show the biosynthesis of syringin (an anti-oxidant in various medicinal plants) might be stimulated by ethanol treatment. Ethanol treatment inhibited the abundance of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Tolumonas and Stenotrophomonas. These findings suggested ethanol treat-ment is a simple and potential technology for preserving the quality and antioxidant ability of fresh-cut products.
摘要:
Hydrogel electrolytes containing a large amount of freezable water tend to freeze at subzero temperatures, which catastrophically reduces their ionic conductivity and thus limits their practical applications. In this work, we propose a new type anti-freezing hydrogel electrolyte based on an additive of zwitterionic proline, which can maintain high ionic conductivities of hydrogel electrolytes at subzero temperatures. The unique zwitterionic structure leads to several interesting characters like strong hydration, strong ionic interactions and low self-associations, which is proved to be the keys for the high performance of hydrogel electrolytes under low temperatures. As a result, the proline hydrogel electrolytes show a high ionic conductivity of 4.2 mS cm(-1) even at -40°C. The activated carbon electrode of supercapacitors based on proline hydrogel electrolytes delivers high specific capacitances of 145.8 (at 0.5 A g(-1)) and 116.1 F g(-1) (at 0.5 A g(-1)) at 25 and -30°C, respectively. Furthermore, the specific capacitance still shows a high retention of 71% after 12,000 charge/discharge cycles at -30°C, confirming the good low-temperature adaptability. Such anti-freezing electrolytes with high ionic conductivity will open up a new avenue for anti-freezing energy storage devices, not limited to supercapacitors.
通讯机构:
[Wu, Y ; Wang, XD; Fu, Y] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Xuefu South Rd 68, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Modified starch;Frozen raw noodle;Texture;Frozen storage quality improvement
摘要:
The impacts of both structural variations induced by low temperature and physiochemical changes induced by modified starch on the qualities of frozen raw noodles (FRNs) were investigated during long-term freezing storage. The addition of modified starch was a potentially effective method to delay the loss of FRNs qualities during storage. In this study, hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HPDSP) were added to improve the cooking and textural characteristics of FRNs. The cooking loss rate of FRNs with the addition of 12%HPS was consistent with that of the control (4.39% and 4.37%, respectively), while after 8weeks of storage showed the significant decrease effect (5.01% and 5.78%, respectively). In addition, adding HPS or HPDSP could change the colour and lustre of FRNs to that preferred by consumers. When 6% HPS or HPDSP were added, the FRNs showed the lowest of freezable water content during storage. The test results of FTIR showed the secondary structure of FRNs was maintained with the introduction of HPS or HPDSP during refrigeration, and the microstructure was improved during the frozen storage period. Consequently, the results provided a theoretical basis and new insight for the production and transportation of FRNs.
通讯机构:
[Chen, Y ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
fish head and tail;target detection;deep learning;contrast test;MobileNetv3
摘要:
The quality of fish pre-treatment processing directly affected the production competitiveness of the fish industry. The removal of heads and tails is one of the key technologies in the fish processing. This study proposed an identification method of fish head and tail, and the original YOLOV3 model was improved by replacing the backbone feature extraction network of the YOLOV3 model with the lightweight neural network MobileNetv3. Firstly, a freshwater fish image dataset was created and divided into the training, validation and test sets with the assigned ratio of 6:2:2. Next, the freshwater fish dataset was trained using the target detector YOLOV3. Finally, the average accuracy mAP (mean of Average Precision) and the average image detection time were used as the accuracy and speed indexes to evaluate the detection effect of the model. In addition, the SSD-MobileNetv3 and SSD-VGG16 were introduced into present study and they were compared with the improved algorithm. The experimental results showed that the detection speed of the YOLOV3 model with MobileNetV3 was significantly improved. The mAP of YOLOV3-MobileNetv3 model was 98.36%, the inference speed was 28.2 ms, which was 5.09%, 4.24% and 2.07% higher than the mAP of other three models (SSD-VGG16, SSD-MobileNetv3 and YOLOV3-Darknet-53), and the average detection time shortened by 86%, 9.99% and 29%, respectively. Therefore, this experimental method of head and tail of freshwater fish could achieve real-time detection and recognition of various kinds of freshwater fish, which had the great advantages of high detection accuracy and fast detection speed.
摘要:
Sperm damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the main causes of male infertility. Therefore, the level of ROS in sperm is an important indicator for the diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility. Herein, we constructed a single sperm ROS detection method (SSRDM) with an optical micro-probe fabricated via focused ion beam process. The micro-probe is used to separately excite fluorescence in the sperm and the area around the sperm after ROS staining, and the difference in fluorescence val-ues can reflect the level of ROS in the sperm. We collected 102 semen samples and 72 of them were divided into asthenozoospermia and non-asthenozoospermia groups. SSRDM and flow cytometry were used to detect the ROS levels of the two groups. The results of SSRDM showed that the ROS levels of asthenozoospermia group were higher than that of non-asthenozoospermia group (P= 0.002), while the results of flow cytometry indicated no difference (P= 0.152). In terms of ROS levels, compared with flow cytometry, SSRDM has a stronger ability to distinguish between those two groups, providing a reliable basis for assessment of sperm quality. Another 30 semen samples were used to investigate temperature and temporal variability of SSRDM to ensure the stability and accuracy of this method. Overall, we have developed a method that can quantitatively detect fluorescent substances in sperm at the single-cell level supplying evidence for diagnosis and prognosis of male infertility.(c) 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
摘要:
The survival and productivity of qingke in high altitude (>4300 m, average yearly temperature <0 °C) of the Tibetan Plateau are significantly impacted by low-temperature stress. Uncovering the mechanisms underlying low-temperature stress response in cold-tolerant qingke varieties is crucial for qingke breeding. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis on cold-sensitive (ZQ) and cold-tolerant (XL) qingke varieties under chilling and freezing treatments and identified lipid metabolism pathways as enriched in response to freezing treatment. Additionally, a significant positive correlation was observed between the expression of C-repeat (CRT) binding factor 10A (HvCBF10A) and Gly-Asp-Ser-Leu-motif lipase (HvGDSL) and the accumulation of multiple lipids. Functional analysis confirmed that HvCBF10A directly binds to HvGDSL, and silencing HvCBF10A resulted in a significant decrease in both HvGDSL and lipid levels, consequently impairing the cold tolerance. Overall, HvCBF10A and HvGDSL are functional units in actively regulating lipid metabolism to enhance freezing stress tolerance in qingke.
摘要:
Once nanoparticles enter into the biological milieu, nanoparticle-biomacromolecule complexes, especially the protein corona, swiftly form, which cause obvious effects on the physicochemical properties of both nanoparticles and proteins. Here, the thermodynamic parameters of the interactions between water-soluble GSH-CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (GSH-QDs) and human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated with the aid of labeling fluorescence of HSA. It was proved that the labeling fluorescence originating from a fluorophore (BDP-CN for instance) could be used to investigate the interactions between QDs and HSA. Gel electrophoresis displayed that the binding ratio between HSA and QDs was similar to 2:1 by direct visualization. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) results indicated that the distance between the QDs and the fluorophore BDP-CN in HSA was 7.2 nm, which indicated that the distance from the fluorophore to the surface of the QDs was similar to 4.8 nm. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) results showed that HSA formed a monolayer of a protein corona with a thickness of 5.5 nm. According to the spatial structure of HSA, we could speculate that the binding site of QDs was located at the side edge (not the triangular plane) of HSA with an equilateral triangular prism. The elaboration of the thermodynamic parameters, binding ratio, and interaction orientation will highly improve the fundamental understanding of the formation of protein corona. This work has guiding significance for the exploration of the interactions between proteins and nanomaterials.
通讯机构:
[Liu, Y; Liu, YJ ] T;[Liu, Y ] W;Wuhan Univ, Coll Chem & Mol Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;Tiangong Univ, State Key Lab Separat Membranes & Membrane Proc, Sch Chem, Tianjin 300387, Peoples R China.;Tiangong Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Tianjin 300387, Peoples R China.
摘要:
In many types of cancers, pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) is abnormally overexpressed and has become a promising target for cancer therapy. However, few highly effective inhibitors of PDK have been reported to date. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of PDK inhibitors based on dichloroacetate (DCA) and arsenicals. Of the 27 compounds, 1f demonstrated PDK inhibition with high efficiency at a cellular level (IC(50) = 2.0 μM) and an enzyme level (EC(50) = 68 nM), far more effective than that of DCA. In silico, in vitro, and in vivo studies demonstrated that 1f inhibited PDK, shifted the energy metabolism from aerobic glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation, and induced cell apoptosis. Moreover, new 1f-loaded nanoparticles were developed, and the administration of high-drug-loading nanoparticles (0.15 mg/kg) caused up to 90% tumor shrinkage without any apparent toxicity. Hence, this study provided a novel metabolic therapy for cancer treatment.
摘要:
Recent research has emphasized the significance of investigating the interplay between organelles, with endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria contact sites (ERMCSs) being recognized as critical signaling hubs between organelles. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) on jejunal mitochondria, ER, and ERMCSs. Twelve piglets (35 d, 10.22 ± 0.35 kg) were randomized into two groups: control group, basal diet; the DON group, basal diet + 1.5 mg/kg DON. The findings revealed that DON decreased growth performance, induced jejunal oxidative stress, and impaired jejunal barrier function. DON was also found to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the piglets' jejunum, and activate mitochondrial and ER apoptosis pathways by upregulating apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-8, Caspase-12, Bax, and CHOP). To investigate the involvement of ERMCSs in DON-induced intestinal injury, we measured the protein levels of ERMCS proteins, such as mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) and Pearson's correlation coefficient of ERMCS proteins and ERMCS ultrastructure. Our finding showed that DON upregulated the protein level of Mfn2 and GRP75 and increased the percentage of mitochondria with ERMCSs/total mitochondria, the length of ERMCSs compared to the perimeter of mitochondria, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) in piglets' jejunum. Furthermore, DON shortened the distance between mitochondria and ER at ERMCSs. These findings suggested that DON impaired mitochondrial function, triggered ERS, and increased ERMCSs, indicating that the increased ERMCSs could be related to mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS involved in the intestinal injury of piglets induced by DON.
摘要:
Uncontrolled microglial activation is decisively involved in the neuroinflammatory pathogenesis of brain diseases. Consequently, suppression of microglial overactivation appears to be a strategy for the prevention of nerve injury. In this paper, a novel vanadium complex, vanadyl N -( p-N,N dimethylaminophenylcarbamoylmethyl)iminodiacetate (VO(p-dmada)), was synthesized from vanadyl sulfate and N,N -dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, which was structurally characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrum and ESI-MS analysis. The effect of VO(p-dmada) on neuroinflammation was investigated by using the models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells and BALB/c mice. Our data demonstrated that VO(p-dmada) significantly suppressed microglial activation by downregulating inflammatory mediators and associated proteins, and inactivating nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) signaling pathway. VO(p-dmada) also upregulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma ) by reducing transglutaminase 2 and heat shock protein 60 expression. Co-treatment with PPAR gamma antagonist GW9662 significantly impeded the inhibitory effect of VO(p-dmada) on LPS-induced neuroinflammation. These cumulative findings demonstrated that VO(p-dmada) is a potential new drug for the treatment of neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative diseases. (c) 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Chemical Society and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
作者机构:
[Zhao, Xu; Li, Shaozhen] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Sujuan; Zhong, Shoudeng; Wu, SJ; Wang, Shuqi] South China Normal Univ, Inst Adv Mat, South China Acad Adv Optoelect, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Sujuan; Zhong, Shoudeng; Wu, SJ; Wang, Shuqi] South China Normal Univ, South China Acad Adv Optoelect, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Quantum Engn & Quantum Mat, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Wu, SJ ] S;[Li, SZ ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Elect & Elect Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;South China Normal Univ, Inst Adv Mat, South China Acad Adv Optoelect, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.;South China Normal Univ, South China Acad Adv Optoelect, Guangdong Prov Key Lab Quantum Engn & Quantum Mat, Guangzhou 510006, Peoples R China.
关键词:
potassium thiocyanate;diluted PEDOT:PSS solution;tin-based perovskite solar cells;photovoltaic performance
摘要:
The commercialized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly (styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is usually used as hole transport layers (HTLs) in tin-based perovskite solar cells (TPSCs). However, the further development has been restricted due to the acidity that could damage the stability of TPSCs. Although the PEDOT:PSS solution can be diluted by water to decrease acidity and reduce the cost of device fabrication, the electrical conductivity will decrease obviously in diluted PEDOT:PSS solution. Herein, potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) is selected to regulate the properties of PEDOT:PSS HTLs from the diluted PEDOT:PSS aqueous solution by water with a volume ratio of 1:1 to prepare efficient TPSCs. The effect of KSCN addition on the structure and photoelectrical properties of PEDOT:PSS HTLs and TPSCs have been systematically studied. At the optimal KSCN concentration, the TPSCs based on KSCN-doped PEDOT:PSS HTLs (KSCN-PSCs) demonstrate the champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.39%, while the reference TPSCs only show a champioan PCE of 6.70%. The further analysis demonstrates that the KSCN additive increases the electrical conductivity of HTLs prepared by the diluted PEDOT:PSS solution, improves the microstructure of perovskite film, and inhibits carrier recombination in TPSCs, leading to the reduced hysteresis effect and enhanced PCE in KSCN-PSCs. This work gives a low-cost and practical strategy to develop a high-quality PEDOT:PSS HTLs from diluted PE-DOT:PSS aqueous solution for efficient TPSCs.
作者机构:
[He, Yi; Wang, Yuchan; Gao, Chao; Long, Pengcheng] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se rich Agr Prod Proc, Hubei Engn Res Ctr Deep Proc Green Serich Agr Prod, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[He, Yi; Zhu, Lisha; Hu, Zhuoyu] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod,Minist E, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Liling] Tarim Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Alar 843300, Peoples R China.;[Shao, Yanchun] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Food Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Bin] Shihezi Univ, Sch Food Sci & Technol, Shihezi 832003, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[He, Y ] ;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se rich Agr Prod Proc, Hubei Engn Res Ctr Deep Proc Green Serich Agr Prod, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
摘要:
Monascus spp., a fungus of medicine food homology, produces various beneficial secondary metabolites such as monacolin K (MK) during fermentation. In this study, the mixed fermentation of Monascus with rice, Pueraria, and yam has been systematically investigated. Single-factor and response surface methodology (RSM) were carried out to maximize MK content, and the optimized fermentation results showed that the content of MK reached 1.40 +/- 0.04 mg/g. The optimal fermentation process determined the ratio of 8: 1: 1 for rice, Pueraria, and yam, respectively, the inoculation amount was 106 spores/mL, fermentation time was 15 days. Further analysis of the content of active substance in the fermentation process revealed that the beta-glycosidase activity increased, the amylase enzyme activity decreased, the dioscin content decreased by 19.5%, and the diosgenin content increased by 175%, suggesting that there was a dynamic equilibrium relationship among the changes of active substances. This study aims at provide a basis and reference for the research of Monascus fermented foods by medicine food homology raw materials.
作者机构:
[Gu, Xiuli; Yan, Bei; Jia, Shaotong] Ningxia Med Univ, Gen Hosp, Human Sperm Bank, Inst Med Sci, Yinchuan 750004, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Xianjin; Hu, Hao; Yan, Bei] Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Reprod Hlth, Tongji Med Coll, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China.;[Mao, Zenghui; Yan, Bei; Mao, ZH] Hunan Normal Univ, Changsha Hosp Maternal & Child Health Care, Hunan Prov Key Lab Reg Hereditary Birth Defects Pr, Changsha 410007, Peoples R China.;[Ji, Hanxu; Li, Longjie; Li, Siqi] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Gu, Xiuli] Wuhan Huake Reprod Hosp, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Li, LJ ] W;[Xiao, XJ ; Mao, ZH ] H;Huazhong Univ Sci & Technol, Inst Reprod Hlth, Tongji Med Coll, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China.;Hunan Normal Univ, Changsha Hosp Maternal & Child Health Care, Hunan Prov Key Lab Reg Hereditary Birth Defects Pr, Changsha 410007, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Life Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词:
DNA fragmentation index;Mean number of DNA breaks;Sperm DNA integrity;Strand displacement probe;Terminal transferase
摘要:
DNA integrity is crucial for the clinical pregnancy outcome and offspring health, while detection methods currently used (comet assay, TUNNEL assay, SCSA, etc.) can only provide the ratio of positive sperms at the cellular level and are unable to quantitatively detect the breakpoints at the DNA molecular level. Herein, we developed a detection system based on terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and DNA strand displacement fluorescent probe, which could efficiently and conveniently measure the number of 3'-OH (equivalent to the number of breakpoints). We further investigated the use of this technique in assisted reproduction after completing the principle verification, system optimization, and research on analytical performance. The detection system was shown to have a good linear range from 0.01nM to 4nM, using single-stranded DNA with 3'-OH end as the calibrator. The system underwent thorough optimization for stability and accuracy. In comparison to the widely accepted index DFI detected by SCSA, the new system demonstrated reasonable correlation and better prediction efficiency. Its applicability was also proven through its use in assisted reproductive technology procedures.
通讯机构:
[Ying Ren] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
关键词:
amaranth hay;goat;growth stage;in vivo digestibility
摘要:
Abstract: Simple Summary At present, studies on the rumen degradation characteristics of amaranth hay at different growth stages are limited. In the current study, four growth stages (squaring stage (SS), initial bloom stage (IS), full-bloom stage (FS) and mature stage (MS)) were selected. The chemical composition and rumen degradation characteristics of amaranth hay at four stages were studied in detail. Among the four stages, IS was superior in terms of chemical composition and rumen degradability characteristics. Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the rumen degradation characteristics of grain amaranth hay (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) at four different growth stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of grain amaranth hay at different growth stages by chemical composition, in vivo digestibility, and in situ degradability. Three Boer goats with permanent ruminal fistulas were selected in this study. Amaranthus hay at four different growth stages (squaring stage (SS), initial bloom stage (IS), full-bloom stage (FS) and mature stage (MS)) was crushed and placed into nylon bags. Each sample was set up with three replicates, and two parallel samples were set up in fistulas at each time point. The rumen degradation rates of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were determined at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The results were as follows: (1) The concentration of CP in SS was the highest and was significantly higher than that in other stages (p < 0.05), whereas the contents of NDF and ADF gradually increased with the extension of the growing period and reached a maximum in MS; (2)The degradation of CP in the rumen at 72 h of SS and IS was more than 80%. Compared with other stages, the effective degradability of CP was highest in SS (p < 0.05) and reached 87.05% at 72 h, and the degradation rate was the lowest in MS; and (3) The effective degradability of NDF in IS was the highest (p < 0.05) and reached 69.326% at 72 h. The effective degradability of ADF in MS was the highest (p < 0.05) and reached 65.728% at 72 h. The effective degradability of DM and CP in SS was the highest. In conclusion, among the four stages, IS was superior in chemical composition and rumen degradability characteristics. Keywords: amaranth hay; growth stage; in vivo digestibility; goat
通讯机构:
[Zhang, F ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Math & Comp Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Face anti -spoofing;Presentation attack;Disentangled representation;Deep learning;Face recognition
摘要:
Face recognition systems have been widely applied in security-related areas of our daily life. However, they are vulnerable to face spoofing attacks. Specifically, an attacker can fool a face recognition system into making false decisions, by presenting spoof face information (such as printed photos, replayed videos, etc.), rather than live face, to the face recognition system. Therefore, Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) is critical for the security operation of a face recognition system.Deep learning-based FAS approaches show the best performance among existing FAS approaches. The basic idea of deep learning-based FAS approaches is to learn statistical representations capable of distin-guishing spoof faces from live ones, and then leverage the learned representations for live and spoof face classifications. Therefore, the learned representations play a key role in the performance of FAS. However, most existing approaches learn representations from representation-entangled spaces, in which critical and irrelevant representations for live and spoof face classifications are entangled with each other, thereby bringing a negative influence on the performance of a FAS system.To address the issue, we introduced a Twin Autoencoder Disentanglement (TAD) framework. Our TAD framework utilizes adversarial learning and a reconstruction strategy to disentangle both critical and irrelevant representations into two mutually independent representation spaces. In addition, to further suppress irrelevant representations that may remain in the critical representation space, we design a multi-branch supervision architecture (MSA) and embed it into TAD. MSA achieves the goal via imposing depth supervision and pattern supervision to the critical representation space. i.e., learning spatial rep-resentation (face depth information) and texture representation (face spoof pattern information).Experimental results on four typical public datasets, OULU-NPU, SiW, Replay-Attack, and CASIA-MFSD, demonstrate that our proposed TAD approach successfully disentangles critical and irrelevant represen-tations, and the two disentangled representations are more interpretable than state-of-the-art FAS meth-ods. The codes are available at https://github.com/TAD-FAS/TAD.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
关键词:
Evolution of cooperation;Reinforcement learning;Differential privacy;Social network
摘要:
Cooperation is an essential behavior in multi-agent systems. Existing mechanisms have two common drawbacks. The first drawback is that malicious agents are not taken into account. Due to the diverse roles in the evolution of cooperation, malicious agents can exist in multi-agent systems, and they can easily degrade the level of cooperation by interfering with agent's actions. The second drawback is that most existing mechanisms have a limited ability to fit in different environments, such as different types of social networks. The performance of existing mechanisms heavily depends on some factors, such as network structures and the initial proportion of cooperators. To solve these two drawbacks, we propose a novel mechanism which adopts differential privacy mechanisms and reinforcement learning. Differential privacy mechanisms can be used to relieve the impact of malicious agents by exploiting the property of randomization. Reinforcement learning enables agents to learn how to make decisions in various social networks. In this way, the proposed mechanism can promote the evolution of cooperation in malicious social networks.