作者机构：
[Cheng, Shuiyuan; Rao, Shen; Liu, Xiaomeng; Cheng, Hua] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se rich Agr Prod Proc Technol, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Ye, Jiabao; Xu, Feng; Zhang, Weiwei] Yangtze Univ, Coll Hort & Gardening, Jingzhou, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Zexiong; Tang, Ning] Chongqing Univ Arts & Sci, Coll Landscape Architecture & Life Sci, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Zexiong; Tang, Ning] Chongqing Key Lab Econ Plant Biotechnol, Chongqing, Peoples R China.;[Luo, Chengrong] Sichuan Acad Forestry, Chengdu, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xu, F ] Y;Yangtze Univ, Coll Hort & Gardening, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Terpenoids are the main active components in the Zanthoxylum armatum leaves, which have extensive medicinal value. The Z. armatum leaf is the main by-product in the Z. armatum industry. However, the transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids are rarely reported. This study was performed to identify and classify the APETALA2/ethylene-responsive factor (AP2/ERF) gene family of Z. armatum. The chromosome distribution, gene structure, conserved motifs, and cis-acting elements of the promoter of the species were also comprehensively analyzed. A total of 214 ZaAP2/ERFs were identified. From the obtained transcriptome and terpenoid content data, four candidate ZaAP2/ERFs involved in the biosynthesis of terpenoids were selected via correlation and weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using 13 AP2/ERFs related to the biosynthesis of terpenoids in other plants. ZaERF063 and ZaERF166 showed close evolutionary relationships with the ERFs in other plant species and shared a high AP2-domain sequence similarity with the two closest AP2/ERF proteins, namelySmERF8 from Salvia miltiorrhiza and AaERF4 from Artemisia annua. Further investigation into the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on the content of terpenoids in Z. armatum leaves revealed that MeJA significantly induced the upregulation of ZaERF166 and led to a significant increase in the terpenoids content in Z. armatum leaves, indicating that ZaERF166 might be involved in the accumulation of terpenoids of Z. armatum. Results will be beneficial for the functional characterization of AP2/ERFs in Z. armatum and establishment of the theoretical foundation to increase the production of terpenoids via the manipulation of the regulatory elements and strengthen the development and utilization of Z. armatum leaves.
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the storage stability and functional properties of different sizes of tea polysaccharides, and explore the relationship between sizes and digestive properties, so as to provide reference for the subsequent utilization of tea polysaccharides. In this study, TPS-NPs of about 200 nm and 400 nm were prepared by electrostatic interaction with TPS and EDTA ratios of 6:1 and 100:1, respectively. The structural properties of TPS-NPs were investigated by a series of characterization analyses. The results showed that the major functional groups of TPS-NPs did not change significantly with particle size, but the C--O stretching vibrations in the methylated carboxyl group were more pronounced. However, their DPPH free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant activity of TPS were decreased in vitro because of the destruction of the apparent structure of tea polysaccharides nanoparticles during preparation. Stability measurements revealed that TPS-NPs have high storage, temperature, pH and ionic concentration stability, especially for TPS-NPs with a particle size of 200 nm. The digestibility of 400 nm TPS-NPs was improved to 3.89% compared to TPS. The results showed that the TPS-NPs has excellent stability and digestibility, which contributed to the development of TPS applications in the food industry and related products.
摘要：
Botrytis cinerea is a necrotrophic fungal plant pathogen that causes grey mould and rot diseases in many crops. Here, we show that the B. cinerea BcCrh4 transglycosylase is secreted during plant infection and induces plant cell death and pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), fulfilling the characteristics of a cell death-inducing protein (CDIP). The CDIP activity of BcCrh4 is independent of the transglycosylase enzymatic activity, it takes place in the apoplast and does not involve the receptor-like kinases BAK1 and SOBIR1. During saprophytic growth, BcCrh4 is localized in the endoplasmic reticulumand in vacuoles, but during plant infection, it accumulates in infection cushions (ICs) and is then secreted to the apoplast. Two domains within the BcCrh4 protein determine the CDIP activities: a 20aa domain at the N' end activates intense cell death and PTI, while a stretch of 52aa in the middle of the protein induces a weaker response and suppresses the activity of the 20aa N' domain. Deletion of bccrh4 affected fungal development and IC formation in particular, resulting in reduced virulence. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that BcCrh4 is required for fungal development and pathogenicity, and hint at a dual mechanism that balances the virulence activity of this, and potentially other CDIPs.
通讯机构：
[Yang, L ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Mech Engn, Wuhan 430048, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Rice starch gel;Crosslink network structure;Rheological property;Direct-write 3D printing
摘要：
Amylopectin and amylose components are natural polymers within rice starch granules, intertwined in specific conditions to form gel polymerized with pore crosslink network, has potential printing properties. In this study, a rice starch gel preparation scheme is proposed for stable properties, and starch granule phase transition mechanism is analyzed based on RVA test during preparation, it can be divided into four-stage, swelling, reacting, homogenizing and self-assembling stages. Gel surface tension and contact angle tested with starch concentration effect, a correlation is developed, reflecting a competition result to gel droplet macro-morphology between the intermolecular cohesion and crosslink network. SEM is used to reveal typical crosslink structures of different starch molecular component proportions, providing objective support for starch gel rheologic property change. Results indicate gel interior crosslink network formed under concentration 12%, the gel with amylose 4.475% presents better printing accuracy. Gel shear modulus positively correlated with amylose proportion. Japonica gel under 20% is of higher viscosity and rapid reassembly ability after interior crosslink network is broken. Max dynamic viscosity is positively correlated with starch concentration. The study aims to provide theoretical and practical support for in-depth analysis of rice starch material application in direct-write 3D printing.
摘要：
Solid‐state fermentation of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) meal. Summary Solid‐state fermentation (SSF) is widely used to improve the utility value in the food and feed industries. In the present research, Lactobacillus plantarum and Saccharomycopsis fibuligera were used for SSF, and then, the nutritional values, anti‐nutritional factors (ANFs) and antioxidant activities of faba bean meal (FBM) were comparatively analysed. The results revealed that SSF with S. fibuligera and L. plantarum effectively reduce the tannin and phytic acid contents and improve the nutritional quality and antioxidant capacity in FBM. Meanwhile, the effects of SSF with L. plantarum on degrading tannin and increasing titratable acidity, trichloroacetic acid‐soluble protein and in vitro protein digestibility were better treated with S. fibuligera. However, antioxidant activities and the amount of phenol and flavonoid were improved more in FBM treated with S. fibuligera than those fermented with L. plantarum. Taken together, the results indicated that both L. plantarum and S. fibuligera could be used for SSF of FBM, and SSF with those two microorganisms has great potential in improving the nutritional values, antioxidant capacities and decreasing ANFs contents of FBM.
摘要：
Design and development of low-cost, high-efficient, metal-free persulfate heterogeneous catalysts was a hot research topic. Herein, porous pie-like nitrogen-doped biochar (NBC) was prepared by one step high temperature pyrolysis of rape straw, urea and ZnCl2 mixture, and applied for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation toward sulfamethoxazole (SMX) degradation. Among these as-prepared catalysts, the NBC2.0 sample presented the best catalytic activity, with the 99.8 % SMX degradation efficiency in 5 mins and the 81.7 % total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate in 30 mins. Additionally, it could realize an excellent SMX degradation in the wide pH range of 3.0 to 9.0, and possessed the high degradation efficiency in presence of various organic pollutants or in real water environments, indicating its good pH adaptability, universality and practicality. Mechanistic investigations disclosed that the NBC2.0/PMS/SMX system involved both radical and non-radical degradation pathways, with singlet oxygen ( 1O2) and the direct electron transfer mechanism being the main contributors. The main active reaction sites of NBC were graphitic N, pyridinic N and C = O group, as corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurement. The possible SMX breakdown routes were determined by intermediate identification. This work provides a promising metal-free persulfate catalyst for environment remediation.
摘要：
To date, the exploration of zwitterionic application is confined to the function of electrolyte's additives to improve the properties of the electrolytes. However, reports on the unique properties of zwitterions, namely the anti-polyelectrolyte effect (APE), as the regulators of the electrochemical stability windows (ESWs) of the zwitterionic electrolytes are scarce. Herein, a zwitterionic electrolyte system is designed and study the relationship between the APE and the ESWs of the zwitterionic electrolytes. The hydrogen/oxygen evolution in the zwitterionic electrolytes is significantly inhibited under the action of the APE. On this basis, the ESWs of zwitterionic electrolytes can be expanded, ultimately achieving an effective improvement in the energy density of zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZHCs). The sulfonic-based zwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes prepared based on this strategy achieve a wide ESW of 2.58 V and high ionic conductivity of 29.3 mS cm-1. Meanwhile, the corresponding ZHCs possess a high working voltage of 2.1 V (1.6 V for the traditional ZHCs), a high capacity of 188.9 mAh g-1 and a high energy density of 110 Wh kg-1. The way utilizing the APE of zwitterions to expand the ESWs opens up a new avenue to improve the energy density of energy storage devices. The anti-polyelectrolyte effect is an effective approach to improve the hydration ability of salt-responsive zwitterions, thereby effectively inhibiting the activity of water and expanding the electrochemical stability window of zwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes. The zwitterionic hydrogel electrolytes based on this strategy can achieve high working voltage, thus endowing the corresponding zinc-ion hybrid capacitors with high energy density.image
摘要：
This paper presents a stepped electromagnetic bandgap(EBG) hosted on the T-shaped stepped stub with an inverted H-shaped slot etched on the ground to enhance bandwidth and improve isolation for a compact UWB-MIMO antenna developed from our previous design. The characteristic mode analysis is used to offer physical insight into the operation phenomena taking place in the evolution of antenna. The proposed antenna has a compact size of $27\times 22\times 0.8$ mm and realize bandwidth from 3.07 GHz to 11.1 GHz, keeping the isolation more than 20 dB. Key parameters evaluating the antenna performance like radiation pattern, gain, radiation efficiency above 75% and envelope correlation coefficient below 0.05 are investigated. The simulated and measured results agree well, testifying the proposed MIMO antenna is a suitable candidate for UWB applications.
摘要：
Introduction: The nutritional value of duck meat is well acknowledged due to its low cholesterol and high protein content. Nevertheless, the impacts of deep-frying and baking on its quality characteristics are not extensively documented in literature. Methods: The objective of this study is to examine the effects of deep-frying, pre-boilingdeep-frying, baking, and pre-boiling-baking on the quality attributes, water distribution, microstructure, and flavor characteristics of duck jerky. Results and discussion: The findings revealed that the deep-frying group had better quality attributes than the baking, pre-boiling-deep-frying, and preboiling-baking groups. The deepfried duck jerky had a higher a* value (4.25) and a lower b* value (5.87), with a more appropriate texture profile, and had the highest comprehensive impression score (5.84). Moreover, the drying rate was faster, and the intensity of the free water and oil signal was significantly elevated in the deep-frying group. The microstructure results indicated that the muscle fibers in the deep-frying group were closely packed, whereas those in the baking group were relatively loose. Furthermore, the GC-IMS test revealed that the deep-fried duck jerky had a wider range of volatile flavor compounds, including 11 unique compounds that were only found in this particular product.
摘要：
Latex clearing protein from Streptomyces sp. strain K30 (Lcp(K30)) is a natural oxidoreductase that can catalyse the cleavage of rubber through dioxygenation. It has significant potential applications in polymer degradation. However, its limited expression in engineered strains restricts its utility. This study aimed to enhance the soluble expression and enzyme activity of Lcp(K30) in E. coli BL21 (DE3) by optimizing fermentation conditions and making molecular modifications. The enzyme activity reached 5.05U·mL(-1) by optimizing the induction conditions, adding cofactors, and using chemical chaperones, which was 237.1% of the initial case. Further enhancements in soluble expression were achieved through site mutations guided by the PROSS server, resulting in 8 out of 13 mutants with increased protein expression, a high positive mutation rate of 61.5%. Subsequently, combined mutants were created by merging single mutants with enhanced protein expression and enzyme activity. The top three double mutants, G91D/S149A, G91D/A210H, and G91D/H296P, displayed expression levels at 173.3%, 173.3%, and 153.3% of the wild-type Lcp(K30), respectively. These mutants also exhibited enhanced fermentation enzyme activity, reaching 149.5%, 250.0%, and 420.2% compared to the wild-type, along with improved specific activities. This study provides insights for the efficient production of Lcp(K30) and a practical foundation for its application.
通讯机构：
[Chen, S ] W;Wuhan Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, 115,Donghu Rd, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Active packaging;Smart packaging;Nanoparticle-filled films;kappa-carrageenan;Anthocyanins;Cinnamaldehyde
摘要：
Nanoparticle-filled films were fabricated as smart and active packaging materials to monitor and preserve the freshness of foods (fish). Antisolvent precipitation was used to produce zein nanoparticles containing anthocyanin in their hydrophobic cores and cinnamaldehyde on their surfaces. These nanoparticles were then coated with a layer of carrageenan, resulting in the formation of anthocyanin-zein-cinnamaldehyde-carrageenan (AZCC) composite nanoparticles. Dynamic light scattering, electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the properties of these composite nanoparticles. The particles formed were spherical and had relatively small diameters (563 nm) and high negative charges (-24.6 mV). The particles were mainly held together by hydrophobic, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. The impact of nanoparticle concentration on the physical, structural, and functional properties of nano-composite films was investigated. Increasing the nanoparticle concentration led to changes in the opacity (17.42 A mm(-1)), microstructure, thermal stability (65.3%), and antioxidant activity of the films, as evaluated through DPPH (48.39%) and ABTS (92.77%) assays. The changes in color (S-Lab: 16.98%-85.98%) of the nanoparticle-loaded films was sensitive to pH and ammonia content, which meant that they could be used as quality sensors. The release of anthocyanins from the films depended on the polarity of the model food they were in contact with. Optimized films significantly extended the freshness of Mandarin fish, resulting in a 13.3% reduction in total volatile basenitrogen levels, which highlights their potential for monitoring and controlling the freshness of packaged foods.
期刊：
Journal of Materials Science,2024年59(2):715-727 ISSN：0022-2461
通讯作者：
Li, B
作者机构：
[Wu, Aolin; Li, B; Li, Bin; Su, Lihua; Liu, Haiying; Du, Li; Zhou, Mengjing] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Li, B ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Preparation of composite hydrogels by in situ polymerization (SP) using choline chloride (ChCl), acrylamide (AM), and urea (U) as raw materials for deep eutectic solvent (DES), with the introduction of PVA and PVDF as fillers into DES. Characterization of the composite hydrogels was conducted using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study analyzed the pressure sensitivity, piezoelectricity, swelling behavior, and mechanical properties of the composite hydrogels. The results indicate that due to the dipole–dipole interactions between PVA and PVDF, the composite hydrogels exhibit excellent pressure sensitivity and piezoelectric performance. When the ratio of PVA to PVDF is 1:1, the composite hydrogels exhibit optimal performance, with a 3.37-fold increase in pressure sensitivity and a 6.49-fold increase in piezoelectricity compared to other ratios. This research provides a method for preparing composite hydrogels with excellent piezoelectric performance and pressure sensitivity.
摘要：
Laser shock peening (LSP) was implemented to treat aircraft landing gear 50CrVA alloy to improve mechanical properties. The sensitivity investigations of time step and mesh size were used to benchmark the 3D finite element method (FEM) model. Based on the established FEM model, the dynamic propagation characteristics of the shock wave inside the sample were predicted. The influence of laser energy and spot diameter on the residual stress field was further investigated. The numerical results indicate that regulating two critical LSP parameters can effectively improve the compressive residual stress (CRS) of metals, and the spot diameter has a greater effect than the laser energy in improving the uniformity of the CRS distribution. After that, the influences of LSP on the CRS field, microstructure, and mechanical properties were experimentally studied. After LSP treatment, the surface CRS reached 494.8 +/- 31.8 MPa with an affected depth of about 400 mu m. The phase composition was not changed by LSP treatment, but it weakened texture strength and refines grains. Under the impact of grain refinement and CRS, the average surface microhardness of the 50CrVA alloy reached 355 HV, indicating an increase up to 5.3 %. The ultimate tensile strength and yield strength were increased by 11.3 % and 14.5 %, respectively, which were in contrast to the unchanged elongation. This work verifies the feasibility of mechanical properties enhancement of 50CrVA alloy by LSP.
摘要：
A novel AEM with good strength and flexibility was synthesized by combining rigid PPO and flexible PVA. Dual cationic groups were added to improve ion concentration and create ion channels, enhancing ion conductivity. Cross‐linking and phase separation improved the AEM's resistance to alkali. Abstract A series of cross‐linked AEMs (c‐DQPPO/PVA) are synthesized by using rigid polyphenylene oxide and flexible poly(vinyl alcohol) as the backbones. Dual cations are grafted on the PPO backbone to improve the ion exchange capacity (IEC), while glutaraldehyde is introduced to enhance compatibility and reduce swelling ratio of AEMs. In addition to the enhanced mechanical properties resulting from the rigid‐flexible cross‐linked network, c‐DQPPO/PVA AEMs also exhibit impressive ionic conductivity, which can be attributed to their high IEC, good hydrophilicity of PVA, and well‐defined micro‐morphology. Additionally, due to confined dimension behavior and ordered micro‐morphology, c‐DQPPO/PVA AEMs demonstrate excellent chemical stability. Specifically, c‐DQPPO/PVA‐7.5 exhibits a wet‐state tensile strength of 12.5 MPa and an elongation at break of 53.0 % at 25 °C. Its OH− conductivity and swelling degree at 80 °C are measured to be 125.7 mS cm−1 and 8.2 %, respectively, with an IEC of 3.05 mmol g−1. After 30 days in a 1 M NaOH solution at 80 °C, c‐DQPPO/PVA‐7.5 experiences degradation rates of 12.8 % for tensile strength, 27.4 % for elongation at break, 14.7 % for IEC, and 19.2 % for ion conductivity. With its excellent properties, c‐DQPPO/PVA‐7.5 exhibits a peak power density of 0.751 W cm−2 at 60 °C in an H2‐O2 fuel cell.
