摘要：
This study evaluated the changes in phenolic and reactive oxygen species metabolism, and microbial diversity in fresh-cut lotus roots following ethanol treatment to elucidate the potential mechanisms of ethanol in controlling microbial growth and browning. Activity suppression and gene expression downregulation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase took place with ethanol treatment, resulting in the decreased accumulation of total phenols and soluble quinones. The total phenol and soluble quinone contents of ethanol-treated slices were 12.63% and 30.22% lower than those in the control group, respectively, after 12 d of storage. Ethanol treatment changed the level of eleven individual phenols, two of which were associated with antioxidant ability. Besides, the ethanol-treated slices exhibited the reduced production of reactive oxygen species, increased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, improved ascorbic acid contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl scavenging rate, and the upregulated transcriptional levels of NnGR and NnGST. Moreover, the integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses show the biosynthesis of syringin (an anti-oxidant in various medicinal plants) might be stimulated by ethanol treatment. Ethanol treatment inhibited the abundance of Pantoea, Pseudomonas, Tolumonas and Stenotrophomonas. These findings suggested ethanol treat-ment is a simple and potential technology for preserving the quality and antioxidant ability of fresh-cut products.
作者机构：
[Hu, Xuebo; Zhou, Xinxin; Zou, Dian; Luo, Biaobiao] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Plant Sci & Technol, Intitute Med Plants, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Xuebo; Zhou, Xinxin; Zou, Dian; Luo, Biaobiao] Natl & Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Med Plant Breeding, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Xuebo; Zhou, Xinxin; Zou, Dian; Luo, Biaobiao] Hubei Prov Engn Res Ctr Med Plants, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Xiaohua] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Life Sci & technol, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Faruque, Mohammad Omar] Univ Chittagong, Dept Bot, Ethnobot & Pharmacognosy Lab, Chattogram, Bangladesh.
通讯机构：
[Jian Chen] D;[Xuebo Hu] I;Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>Intitute of Medicinal Plants, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plant Breeding and Cultivation, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Medicinal Plants, Wuhan, China
摘要：
Solanum lyratum Thunb is a traditional Chinese medicinal with a significant clinical outcome for tumor treatment; however, chemicals or fractions separated from the herb did not exhibit strong and comparable efficacy. To investigate the potential synergy or antagonism among chemicals in the extract, we obtained the compounds solavetivone (SO), tigogenin (TI) and friedelin (FR) from the herb. The anti-tumor effects of these three monomer compounds alone or in combination with the anti-inflammatory compound DRG were also tested in this study. SO, FR and TI used alone did not inhibit the proliferation of A549 and HepG2 cells, but the combination of the three achieved 40% inhibition. In vitro anti-inflammatory analysis showed that DRG had a stronger anti-inflammatory effect than TS at the same concentration, and the combination of DRG with SO, FR or TI inhibited the anti-tumor effect of DRG. This is the first study that documented the synergistic and antagonistic interactions between different compounds in a single herb.
通讯机构：
[Yang Yi] C;[Ying Sun] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
To promote the functional applications of lotus root polysaccharides (LRPs), the effects of noncovalent polyphenol binding on their physicochemical properties, as well as antioxidant and immunomodulatory activities, were investigated. Ferulic acid (FA) and chlorogenic acid (CHA) were spontaneously bound to the LRP to prepare the complexes LRP-FA(1), LRP-FA(2), LRP-FA(3), LRP-CHA(1), LRP-CHA(2) and LRP-CHA(3), and their mass ratios of polyphenol to LRP were, respectively, 121.57, 61.18, 34.79, 2359.58, 1276.71 and 545.08 mg/g. Using the physical mixture of the LRP and polyphenols as a control, the noncovalent interaction between them in the complexes was confirmed by ultraviolet and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The interaction increased their average molecular weights by 1.11 similar to 2.27 times compared to the LRP. The polyphenols enhanced the antioxidant capacity and macrophage-stimulating activity of the LRP depending on their binding amount. Particularly, the DPPH radical scavenging activity and FRAP antioxidant ability were positively related to the FA binding amount but negatively related to the CHA binding amount. The NO production of the macrophages stimulated by the LRP was inhibited by the co-incubation with free polyphenols; however, the inhibition was eliminated by the noncovalent binding. The complexes could stimulate the NO production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion more effectively than the LRP. The noncovalent binding of polyphenols may be an innovative strategy for the structural and functional modification of natural polysaccharides.
作者机构：
[Zhan, Shengpeng; Duan, Linlin; Tu, Jiesong; Duan, Haitao; Zhang, Wulin; Jia, Dan; Yang, Tian; Li, Jian] Wuhan Res Inst Mat Protect, State Key Lab Special Surface Protect Mat & Appli, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China.;[Zhan, Shengpeng; Duan, Linlin; Tu, Jiesong; Duan, Haitao; Zhang, Wulin; Jia, Dan; Yang, Tian; Li, Jian] Hubei Longzhong Lab, Xiangyang 441000, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jianfang] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430030, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Haitao Duan] S;State Key Laboratory of Special Surface Protection Materials and Application Technology, Wuhan Research Institute of Materials Protection, Wuhan 430030, China<&wdkj&>Hubei Longzhong Laboratory, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
摘要：
Geometric variables and surface chemistry of nanomaterials as lubricant additives both affect the details on the interacting frictional surface. Herein, copper phosphate nanosheets (CPNs) were synthesized by a simple and facile method, which exhibited extraordinary tribological properties as the novel lubricating oil nanoadditives. Compared with the base oil, the friction coefficient (COF) has been reduced by 77% by CPNs at a concentration of 20 wt%, which could also protect the titanium alloy surface from any measurable wear. But as the CPNs content increased to 25 wt%, the shear jamming caused by hydrogen bonding between crystal water in CPNs may interfere with lubrication. Besides, it is significantly effective in preventing the adhesions of titanium alloy on the surface of counterface at a suitable concentration. The extraordinary tribological performance is contributed to the nanosheets of copper phosphate but not the nanoparticles. Moreover, in the presence of CPNs, the tribo-film containing CPNs is formed during sliding contact, but this tribo-film can't hold for a long time without CPNs, indicating that CPNs can well retain the tribo-film. However, the dominant factor for friction reduction and antiwear is not this tribo-film but the solid-liquid interface lubrication between nanosheets and lubricating oil. The Stribeck curves were used to explain how CPNs play a role in boundary lubrication and mixed lubrication.
摘要：
Metabolic dysfunction is associated with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. However, omics studies investigating metabolic changes in NASH patients are limited. In this study, metabolomics and lipidomics in plasma, as well as proteomics in the liver, were performed to characterize the metabolic profiles of NASH patients. Moreover, the accumulation of bile acids (BAs) in NASH patients prompted us to investigate the protective effect of cholestyramine on NASH. The liver expression of essential proteins involved in FA transport and lipid droplets was significantly elevated in patients with NASH. Furthermore, we observed a distinct lipidomic remodeling in patients with NASH. We also report a novel finding suggesting an increase in the expression of critical proteins responsible for glycolysis and the level of glycolytic output (pyruvic acid) in patients with NASH. Furthermore, the accumulation of branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, purines, and BAs was observed in NASH patients. Similarly, a dramatic metabolic disorder was also observed in a NASH mouse model. Cholestyramine not only significantly alleviated liver steatosis and fibrosis but also reversed NASH-induced accumulation of BAs and steroid hormones. In conclusion, NASH patients were characterized by perturbations in FA uptake, lipid droplet formation, glycolysis, and accumulation of BAs and other metabolites.
摘要：
Improving the dispersed stability of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) is the key to its application. In this study, yeast glucan with different degrees of amination (BNs) were used as stabilizers and capping agent to prepare dispersed SeNPs. The size, storage stability, and morphology of BNs/SeNPs were characterized. Results show that BNs/SeNPs presented positive potential and spherical morphologies with average particle size about 100-300nm and kept stable at room temperature for a long time. The CCK-8 assay showed that BNs/SeNPs had significantly lower toxicity to RAW264.7 cells than SeNPs. Moreover, BNs/SeNPs could inhibit the generation of NO, IL-1β and IL-6 effectively in RAW 264.7 macrophages induced by LPS, and down-regulate the mRNA transcription of iNOS, IL-1β, IL-6 and chemokines (CCL2 and CCL5), indicating that BNs/SeNPs had good anti-inflammatory activity. Therefore, aminated yeast glucan could improve the stability and bioactivity of SeNPs simultaneously, which is a promising stabilizer for SeNPs.
摘要：
This study investigated the effect of 0.8% (m/v) kojic acid treatment on changes in the microstructure and myofibrillar protein of duck meat covered with oxygen-permeable polyvinylchloride (PVC) film (9 +/- 0.5 mu M) during superchilled storage (-1.65 +/- 0.5 degrees C). The superchilled samples exhibited wider gaps between muscle fibers at 5 weeks storage compared with kojic acid-treated groups. Based on the variation of water status, the water-holding capacity decreased significantly (p < 0.05), and bound water and immobilized water were gradually converted into free water during superchilled storage. For kojic acid-treated samples, however, no major changes were observed with respect to muscle structure, water status, and protein degradation at 6 weeks. The 0.8% (m/v) kojic acid treatment increased the water-holding capacity, reduced carbonyl content and protein degradation, and decreased the alpha-helix contents loss of myofibrillar proteins. Kojic acid treatment effectively protected myofibrillar protein structure from being destroyed during superchilled storage, suggesting that this method was a good way to reduce protein oxidation and prolonged its shelf life.
