摘要：
Simple Summary Plant extracts are one of the alternatives to antibiotics, and are generally considered to be safe for animals and effective against pathogens. Their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral activities have been well documented. Puerarin, the main component of pueraria extract, is a C-glucoside of isoflavone daidzein. Curcumin, isolated from the rhizome of curcuma, is a kind of polyphenol. The current study was carried out to examine the synergistic effects of pueraria extract and curcumin on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal barriers of broilers. Our observations showed that supplementation of pueraria extract and curcumin alone or in combination did not improve the growth performance of broilers in the 28-day trial, but enhanced the antioxidant status and intestinal integrity of broilers by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes and promoting intestinal morphology. Pueraria extract and curcumin are potential modulators of antioxidant function and intestinal health. Their beneficial effects on improving growth performance need further investigation. The current study was carried out to examine the effects of pueraria extract (PE) and curcumin (CUR) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal integrity in broiler chickens. A complete randomized design with a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments was employed to assign 200 one-day-old Ross-308 broilers to four groups, each including five replicates of ten birds. Chickens in the control group (CON) were fed the basal diet, while the PE, CUR and PE+CUR groups were supplemented with 200 mg/kg PE or 200 mg/kg CUR or 200 mg/kg PE+ 200 mg/kg CUR. This trial lasted for 28 days. The PE supplementation decreased the average daily gain during the whole period (p < 0.05). The PE+CUR group had a higher feed conversion ratio than that of the PE and CUR groups during days 14-28 and 1-28 (p < 0.05). Dietary CUR supplementation increased duodenal T-SOD activity (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the other three groups increased the duodenal GSH-Px activity, the PE+CUR group reduced the duodenal H2O2 level, and the CUR and PE groups elevated the ileal GSH-Px activity and the ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth, respectively (p < 0.05). The addition of PE decreased crypt depth and increased villus area and mucin-2 mRNA level in the jejunum (p < 0.05). Overall, dietary supplementation with PE, CUR, or a combination of these, enhanced the antioxidant status and intestinal integrity of broilers.
作者机构：
[肖勘; 周墨涵; 秦旭; Yu X.; 刘玉兰; 陈少魁] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
通讯机构：
[Xiao, K.] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China
作者机构：
[任莹] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China;[马灵燕; 陈渠; 杨华; 肖英平; Lyu W.] State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats of the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China;[彭浩] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China, State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats of the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
通讯机构：
[Xiao, Y.] S;State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats of the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, China
摘要：
The interplay between cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has garnered increasing attention. Nevertheless, the precise involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in the apoptosis of porcine macrophage cells induced by Deoxynivalenol (DON) remains enigmatic. In this study, we revealed that exposure to 2μM DON resulted in a substantial decline in cell viability, concomitant with the initiation of cell apoptosis and the halting of the G1 phase cell cycle in the porcine alveolar macrophage line 3D4/21. Transcriptomic analysis of DON-exposed cells showed distinct expression patterns in 3104 genes, with notable upregulation of ER stress-related genes, including IRE1, CHOP, XBP1 and JNK. Our subsequent validation via qPCR and Western blot analyses confirmed the attenuation of GRP78 and BCL-2, coupled with the upregulation of IRE1, CHOP, JNK, p-JNK, and Bax in DON-induced cells, indicating the instigation of ER stress-associated apoptosis by DON. The addition of 5mM 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, decreased levels of CHOP, IRE1, JNK, p-JNK, and Bax, while increasing levels of GRP78 and Bcl-2, suggesting that 4-PBA alleviated DON-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Overall, our findings provide new insights into DON-induced ER stress via the IRE1/JNK/CHOP pathway, leading to subsequent cellular apoptosis.
通讯机构：
[Yang, L ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Mech Engn, Wuhan 430048, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
crack initiation;damage behavior;finite element modeling;rice grain
摘要：
Understanding the rice grain breakage mechanism is important to increase head rice yield. In this work, a developed mechanical experimental setup is produced, combing a texture analyzer with in situ observation. Grain damage behavior was researched with experimental and finite element modeling. Experimental results showed rice breaking force is closely related to pressing speed and rice length. Three models simulation (ellipsoidal model E model, three section model T model, real shape model R model) results show that the E model is not suitable for quasi-static compression simulation, the peak force is 35.897% error with testing. T and R modeling results error is within 10%, the broken form is closely related to the dorsal groove and ridge. Initial cracks exit in the area close to the probe and expand inward. Surface cracks happen when element stress exceeds the tensile strength. These findings provide a theoretical basis for broken rice rate reduction during processing.
作者机构：
[Liu, Mingkang; Liu, Yulan; Qin, Kun; Wang, Hui; Yan, Mengke; Zhu, Huiling; Xu, Xiao; Xu, Xianfeng] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Gao, Qingyu; Zhang, Yue; Cong, Xin] Enshi Se Run Mat Engn Technol Co Ltd, Enshi 445000, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Shuiyuan] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se Rich Agr Prod Proc, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Jiangchao] Univ Arkansas, Dept Anim Sci, Div Agr, Fayetteville, NC 72701 USA.
通讯机构：
[Huiling Zhu; Yulan Liu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
摘要：
As a selenium-enriched plant, Cardamine violifolia (SEC) has an excellent antioxidant function. The edibility of SEC is expected to develop new sources of organic Se supplementation for human and animal nutrition. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of SEC on laying performance and ovarian antioxidant capacity in aging laying hens. A total of 450 laying hens were assigned to five treatments. Dietary treatments included the following: a basal diet (diet without Se supplementation, CON) and basal diets supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg Se from sodium selenite (SS), 0.3 mg/kg Se from Se-enriched yeast (SEY), 0.3 mg/kg Se from SEC, or 0.3 mg/kg Se from SEC and 0.3 mg/kg Se from SEY (SEC + SEY). Results showed that supplementation with SEC tended to increase the laying rate, increased the Haugh unit of eggs, and reduced the FCR. SEC promoted ovarian cell proliferation, inhibited apoptosis, and ameliorated the maintenance of follicles. SEC, SEY, or SEC + SEY increased ovarian T-AOC and decreased MDA levels. SEC increased the mRNA abundance of ovarian selenoproteins. SEC and SEC + SEY increased the mRNA abundance of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, and decreased the mRNA abundance of Keap1. These results indicate that SEC could potentially to improve laying performance and egg quality via the enhancement of ovarian antioxidant capacity. SEC exerts an antioxidant function through the modulation of the Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, YY ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Minist Educ, Engn Res Ctr Feed Prot Resources Agr By Prod, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词：
： Streptococcus suis type 2;Orphan response regulator CovR;ΔcovR;metabolome profiling;Transcriptome sequencing;Poor growth;Aminoacyl tRNA
摘要：
The deletion of orphan response regulator CovR reduces the growth rate of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2). In this study, metabolome and transcriptome profiling were performed to study the mechanisms underlying the poor growth of S. suis 2 caused by the deletion of orphan response regulator CovR. By comparing S. suis 2 (Delta covR) and S. suis 2 (SC19), 146 differentially accumulated metabolites (upregulated: 83 and downregulated: 63) and 141 differentially expressed genes (upregulated: 86 and downregulated: 55) were identified. Metabolome and functional annotation analysis revealed that the growth of Delta covR was inhibited by the imbalance aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis (the low contents of L-lysine, L-aspartic acid, L-glutamine, and L-glutamic acid, and the high content of L-methionine). These results provide a new insight into the underlying poor growth of S. suis 2 caused by the deletion of orphan response regulator CovR. Metabolites and candidate genes regulated by the orphan response regulator CovR and involved in the growth of S. suis 2 were reported in this study. Introduction
摘要：
Cadmium is widely distributed in aquaculture systems. The exposure of parental fish species to cadmium is known to retard of growth and cause death in offspring. However, the potential mechanisms responsible for how parental cadmium exposure effects embryonic development yet to be elucidated. Herein, we investigated the effects of parental cadmium exposure on embryonic developmental abnormalities in rare minnow. Our results demonstrated that significantly increased rates of malformation were recorded in the parental cadmium exposure groups. The most significant impairments and morphological changes were egg condensation and spine curvature malformations. Parental cadmium exposure significantly increased the cadmium content of rare minnow embryos, thus increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Further investigation found that parental cadmium exposure reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and significantly up-regulated the expression of antioxidative genes (gpx-1, cat and mn-sod) and detoxifying metallothionein (MT) in rare minnow embryos. In addition, stress-related genes (hsp70, ccyp1 alpha and jnk) were significantly upregulated while developmental-related genes (wnt8 alpha, vezf1 and mstn) were significantly downregulated in rare minnow embryos. Our analysis revealed that parental cadmium exposure in rare minnow caused developmental abnormalities in embryos via the accumulation of cadmium content which induced oxidative stress and developmental dysfunction. Collectively, our analysis suggested that environmental cadmium may pose a severe threat to the continuation of certain fish species.
通讯机构：
[Li, Bin] S;School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan Hubei, China
关键词：
Person re-identification;measurement model;LDA;semi-supervised learning
摘要：
Person re-identification identify a specific person in surveillance network by similarity measurement between images of different camera views. However, existing metric learning based methods suffer from over-fitting problem. To solve this problem, a resampled linear discriminant analysis (LDA) method was proposed based on the statistical and topological characteristics of pedestrian images. This method utilized the k-nearest neighbours to form potential positive sample pairs. The potential positive pairs are used to improve the metric model and generalize the metric model to the test data. By minimizing the inter-class divergence of potential positive sample pairs, a semi-supervised re-sampling LDA person re-identification algorithm was established. It was then tested on the VIPeR, CUHK01 and Market 1501datasets. The results show that the proposed method achieves the best performance compared to some available methods. Especially, the proposed method outplays the best comparison method by 0.6% and 5.76% at rank-1 identification rate on the VIPeR and CUHK01 datasets respectively. At the same time, the improved LDA algorithm has improved the rank-1 identification accuracy of traditional LDA method by 9.36% and 32.11% on these two datasets respectively. Besides, the proposed method is limited to Market-1501 dataset when the test data is of large size.
作者机构：
[Guo, S. S.; Li, L. L.; Liu, Z. P.; Xu, P. T.; Ding, B. Y.; Zhang, Z. F.; Liu, C. A.] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Dong, X. Y.] Zhejiang Univ, Key Lab Anim Feed & Nutr Zhejiang Prov, Hangzhou 310058, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ding, B Y] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China. Electronic address:
关键词：
salpingitis;lipopolysaccharide;inflammatory-related cytokines;histomorphometry;laying hen
摘要：
This study was conducted to simulate salpingitis of laying hens by observing the morphology and expression of inflammatory genes in the oviduct. A total of one hundred twenty 81-wk-old Roman Pink laying hens in good physical condition without the oviduct disease with an average egg production rate of 76% were fed a basal diet for 2 wks and then randomly allocated into 4 groups (6 replicates/group, 5 birds/replicate). The experimental treatments were as follows: 1) Control group (treated with PBS); 2) Organic chemical reagent (OCR) group; 3) Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) group; 4) LPS + OCR group. First, the chickens were kept upside down to make ectropion and exposure of the apertura uterinae; then prepared reagents were poured into the uterine part of the fallopian tube by using the chicken vas deferens (1 mL/layer); finally, the chickens were kept in the inverted position for 5 to 10 min. The fallopian tube samples (the magnum, isthmus, and uterus) were collected after 48 h of treatment. Compared with the control, treatment with LPS+OCR decreased (P < 0.05) the secondary villus length and primary villus area in magnum and villus length in isthmus (P < 0.05). An increase (P < 0.05) of the intervillous space of uterus was observed in LPS + OCR group compared with the control. The expressions of interleukin-6 mRNA of magnum and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of isthmus in the LPS and LPS+OCR treatments were higher (P < 0.05) than that in control. Compared with the control, treatment with LPS+OCR increased (P < 0.05) the expressions of IFN-gamma mRNA of magnum and IFN-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA of uterus in laying hens. In conclusion, the results of morphological damage of fallopian tube tissue and increased expression of inflammatory factors in LPS + OCR treatment group suggested that LPS+OCR treatment can provide data basis to establish salpingitis model in laying hens for studying the pathogenesis of it.
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate effects of dietary Limosilactobacillus fermentum and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei supplementation on the intestinal stem cell proliferation, immunity, and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by coccidia and Clostridium perfringens. A total of 336 one-day-old Ross 308 chickens were randomly assigned into four groups. Chickens in the control (CTR) group were fed basal diet, and chickens in the three challenged groups were fed basal diets supplemented with nothing (CCP group), 1.0 × 10(9) CFU/kg L. fermentum (LF_CCP group), and 1.0 × 10(9) CFU/kg L. paracasei (LP_CCP group), respectively. All challenged birds were infected with coccildia on day 9 and Clostridium perfringens during days 13-18. The serum and intestinal samples were collected on days 13 and 19. The results showed that L. fermentum significantly increased jejunal gene expression of cdxB (one of the intestinal stem cell marker genes) on day 13. Additionally, L. fermentum significantly up-regulated mRNA levels of JAK3 and TYK2 and tended to increase STAT6 mRNA expression in jejunum on day 19. In the cecal tonsil, both L. fermentum and L. paracasei decreased mRNA expression of JAK2 on day 13, and L. fermentum down-regulated JAK1-2, STAT1, and STAT5-6 gene expressions on day 19. Ileal microbiological analysis showed that coccidial infection increased the Escherichia-Shigella, Lactobacillus, and Romboutsia abundance and decreased Candidatus_Arthromitus richness on day 13, which were reversed by Lactobacillus intervention. Moreover, Lactobacilli increased ileal Lactobacillus richness on day 19. In conclusion, Lactobacilli alleviated the impairment of intestinal stem cell proliferation and immunity in coccidia- and C. perfringens-challenged birds via modulating JAK/STAT signaling and reshaping intestinal microflora.
