Amino acids and mammary gland development: nutritional implications for milk production and neonatal growth
作者：
Rezaei, Reza;Wu, Zhenlong;Hou, Yongqing;Bazer, Fuller W.;Wu, Guoyao*
期刊：
畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版) ,2016年7(1):437-458 ISSN：1674-9782
通讯作者：
Wu, Guoyao
作者机构：
[Bazer, Fuller W.; Wu, Guoyao; Rezaei, Reza] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Wu, Zhenlong; Wu, Guoyao] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wu, Guoyao] T;[Wu, Guoyao] C;[Wu, Guoyao] W;Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Development;Health;Livestock;Mammary gland;Milk;Neonates;Production;Sows
摘要：
Milk is synthesized by mammary epithelial cells of lactating mammals. The synthetic capacity of the mammary gland depends largely on the number and efficiency of functional mammary epithelial cells. Structural development of the mammary gland occurs during fetal growth, prepubertal and post-pubertal periods, pregnancy, and lactation under the control of various hormones (particularly estrogen, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-I, progesterone, placental lactogen, and prolactin) in a species- and stage-dependent manner. Milk is essential for the growth, development, and health of neonates. Amino acids (AA), present in both free and peptide-bound forms, are the most abundant organic nutrients in the milk of farm animals. Uptake of AA from the arterial blood of the lactating dam is the ultimate source of proteins (primarily β-casein and α-lactalbumin) and bioactive nitrogenous metabolites in milk. Results of recent studies indicate extensive catabolism of branched-chain AA (leucine, isoleucine and valine) and arginine to synthesize glutamate, glutamine, alanine, aspartate, asparagine, proline, and polyamines. The formation of polypeptides from AA is regulated not only by hormones (e.g., prolactin, insulin and glucocorticoids) and the rate of blood flow across the lactating mammary gland, but also by concentrations of AA, lipids, glucose, vitamins and minerals in the maternal plasma, as well as the activation of the mechanistic (mammalian) target rapamycin signaling by certain AA (e.g., arginine, branched-chain AA, and glutamine). Knowledge of AA utilization (including metabolism) by mammary epithelial cells will enhance our fundamental understanding of lactation biology and has important implications for improving the efficiency of livestock production worldwide.
语种：
英文
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功能性氨基酸复合物对断奶仔猪肠道功能的影响
作者：
李宝成;王蕾;侯永清;周佳;张越;...
作者机构：
[李宝成; 王蕾; 侯永清; 周佳; 张越; 张俊梅] 武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
关键词：
功能性氨基酸复合物;断奶仔猪;肠道功能
摘要：
功能性氨基酸作为合成多种具有重要功能生物活性分子的必需前体物,参与调节动物的新陈代谢途径,对维持动物正常的生长、发育和繁殖都发挥着至关重要的作用。功能性氨基酸已被证实具有改善肠道结构与功能,促进仔猪生长的作用。本试验旨在研究功能性氨基酸复合物对断奶仔猪肠道功能的影响。试验选取16头健康的21日龄断奶仔猪(杜×长×大),随机分成2个处理组:对照组和复合氨基酸组,每处理组8个重复,每个重复1头猪。对照
语种：
中文
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短链脂肪酸酯对仔猪生长性能、肠道功能的影响及作用机制
作者：
李抗;张越;李鹏;王蕾;侯永清;...
作者机构：
[李抗; 张越; 李鹏; 王蕾; 侯永清; 丁斌鹰; 易丹] 武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
关键词：
己酸甘油三酯;乳酸甘油三酯;仔猪;生长性能;肠道功能
摘要：
本试验旨在研究短链脂肪酸酯对仔猪生长性能、肠道功能的作用及机制。选取24头(21±2)天健康的断奶仔猪,随机分成3个处理组(每组8个重复,每个重复1头仔猪):对照组、己酸甘油三酯组和乳酸甘油三酯组;对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,己酸甘油三酯组和乳酸甘油三酯组仔猪在基础日粮上分别添加0.5%的己酸甘油三酯和乳酸甘油三酯,试验期21天。于试验第21天采血,屠宰取样。结果表明:1)饲粮添加0.5%的己酸甘油三
语种：
中文
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Endogenous Synthesis of Amino Acids Limits Growth, Lactation, and Reproduction in Animals
作者：
Hou, Yongqing;Yao, Kang;Yin, Yulong;Wu, Guoyao*
期刊：
Advances in Nutrition ,2016年7(2):331-342 ISSN：2161-8313
通讯作者：
Wu, Guoyao
作者机构：
[Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao; Yin, Yulong] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Yao, Kang; Yin, Yulong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wu, Guoyao] W;[Wu, Guoyao] T;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
关键词：
protein;intestine;nutrition;metabolism;health
摘要：
Amino acids (AAs) are building blocks of protein. Eight AAs (Ala, Asn, Asp, Glu, Gln, Gly, Pro, and Ser) are formed by all animals, whereas de novo synthesis of Arg occurs in a species-specific manner in most mammals (e.g., humans, pigs, and rats). Synthesizable AAs were traditionally classified as nutritionally nonessential for animals, because they were thought to be formed in sufficient amounts. However, this assumption is not supported by evidence showing that 1) rats grow slowly when their diets do not contain Arg, Glu, or Gln despite adequate provision of all other proteinogenous AAs; 2) pigs cannot achieve maximum growth, lactation, or reproduction performance when fed corn- and soybean meal-based diets meeting National Research Council-recommended requirements of protein and AAs without supplemental Arg, Glu, Gln, Gly, or Pro; 3) chickens exhibit increases in lean tissue gain and feed efficiency when their diets are supplemented with Glu, Gln, Gly, and Pro; 4) lactating cows cannot obtain maximum milk protein production without a postruminal supply of Gln or Pro; 5) fish cannot achieve maximum growth when diets do not contain Gln or Pro; and 6) men fail to sustain spermatogenesis when fed an Arg-deficient diet. Quantitative analysis of nitrogen metabolism showed that AA synthesis in animals is constrained by both precursor availability and enzyme activity. Taken together, these findings support the conclusion that the endogenous synthesis of AAs limits growth, lactation, and reproduction in animals. This new knowledge can guide the optimization of human nutrition for improving health and well-being. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.
语种：
英文
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Catabolism and safety of supplemental l-arginine in animals
作者：
Wu, Zhenlong;Hou, Yongqing;Hu, Shengdi;Bazer, Fuller W.;Meininger, Cynthia J.;...
期刊：
Amino Acids ,2016年48(7):1541-1552 ISSN：0939-4451
通讯作者：
Wu, Guoyao
作者机构：
[Wu, Zhenlong; Wu, Guoyao] China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Bazer, Fuller W.; Hu, Shengdi; Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Meininger, Cynthia J.; Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Med Physiol, Temple, TX 76504 USA.;[McNeal, Catherine J.] Baylor Scott & White Hlth, Dept Internal Med, Temple, TX 76508 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wu, Guoyao] C;[Wu, Guoyao] W;[Wu, Guoyao] T;China Agr Univ, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Amino acids;Nutrition;Catabolism;Health;Dietary supplementation
摘要：
l-arginine (Arg) is utilized via multiple pathways to synthesize protein and low-molecular-weight bioactive substances (e.g., nitric oxide, creatine, and polyamines) with enormous physiological importance. Furthermore, Arg regulates cell signaling pathways and gene expression to improve cardiovascular function, augment insulin sensitivity, enhance lean tissue mass, and reduce obesity in humans. Despite its versatile roles, the use of Arg as a dietary supplement is limited due to the lack of data to address concerns over its safety in humans. Data from animal studies are reviewed to assess arginine catabolism and the safety of long-term Arg supplementation. The arginase pathway was responsible for catabolism of 76–85 and 81–96 % Arg in extraintestinal tissues of pigs and rats, respectively. Dietary supplementation with Arg–HCl or the Arg base [315- and 630-mg Arg/(kg BW d) for 91 d] had no adverse effects on male or female pigs. Similarly, no safety issues were observed for male or female rats receiving supplementation with 1.8- and 3.6-g Arg/(kg BW d) for at least 91 d. Intravenous administration of Arg–HCl to gestating sheep at 81 and 180 mg Arg/(kg BW d) is safe for at least 82 and 40 d, respectively. Animals fed conventional diets can well tolerate large amounts of supplemental Arg [up to 630-mg Arg/(kg BW d) in pigs or 3.6-g Arg/(kg BW d) in rats] for 91 d, which are equivalent to 573-mg Arg/(kg BW d) for humans. Collectively, these results can help guide studies to determine the safety of long-term oral administration of Arg in humans. © 2016, Springer-Verlag Wien.
语种：
英文
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凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液指标及肠道形态结构的影响
作者：
张越;侯永清;王蕾;李鹏;徐海旺
作者机构：
[张越; 侯永清; 王蕾; 李鹏; 徐海旺] 武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
关键词：
凝结芽孢杆菌;断奶仔猪;生长性能;血液指标;肠道结构
摘要：
益生菌可抑制机体中有害菌生长,促进优势菌群增殖,增强非特异性免疫功能,从而促进动物生长、增强机体免疫力、提高饲料转化率,产生与抗生素相似的作用效果。本试验首先通过牛津杯法比较了凝结芽孢胞杆菌、地衣芽孢杆菌、屎肠球菌、干酪乳杆菌对大肠杆菌K88的抑菌作用,发现凝结芽孢杆菌较其他三株菌抑菌能力更好。然后以断奶仔猪为研究对象,研究了日粮中添加凝结芽孢杆菌对断奶仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道形态结构的影
语种：
中文
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Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Regulation of Gene Expression for Lipid Catabolism in Young Broilers by Butyrate Glycerides
作者：
Yin, Fugui;Yu, Hai;Lepp, Dion;Shi, Xuejiang;Yang, Xiaojian;...
期刊：
PLOS ONE ,2016年11(8):e0160751- ISSN：1932-6203
通讯作者：
Gong, Joshua
作者机构：
[Yang, Xiaojian; Lepp, Dion; Gong, Joshua; Yin, Fugui; Yu, Hai] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Res & Dev Ctr, Guelph, ON, Canada.;[Shi, Xuejiang] UHN MSH Gene Profiling Facil, Next Generat Sequencing Platforms, Clin Genom Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada.;[Nie, Shaoping; Hu, Jielun] Nanchang Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.;[Leeson, Steve] Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON, Canada.;[Yang, Chengbo] Univ Manitoba, Dept Anim Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
通讯机构：
[Gong, Joshua] A;Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Res & Dev Ctr, Guelph, ON, Canada.
关键词：
Jejunum;Fatty acids;Lipid metabolism;Fats;Gene expression;Glycerides;Lipids;Birds
摘要：
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Butyrate has been shown to potently regulate energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in animals, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of butyrate (in the form of butyrate glycerides, BG)-induced lipid metabolism at the level of gene expression in the jejunum and liver of broilers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two animal experiments were included in this study. In Experiment 1, two hundred and forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups: 1) basal diet (BD), 2) BG diets (BD + BG). Growth performance was compared between treatments for the 41-day trial. In Experiment 2, forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups. The general experimental design, group and management were the same as described in Experiment 1 except for reduced bird numbers and 21-day duration of the trial. Growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipid profiles as well as serum and tissue concentrations of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were compared between treatments. RNA-seq was employed to identify both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and treatment specifically expressed genes (TSEGs). Functional clustering of DEGs and TSEGs and signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism were identified using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (DAVID-BR). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were subsequently conducted to further examine the expression of genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway identified by DAVID-BR. Dietary BG intervention significantly reduced abdominal fat ratio (abdominal fat weight/final body weight) in broilers. The decreased fat deposition in BG-fed chickens was in accordance with serum lipid profiles as well as the level of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the serum, abdominal adipose, jejunum and liver. RNA-seq analysis indicated that dietary BG intervention induced 79 and 205 characterized DEGs in the jejunum and liver, respectively. In addition, 255 and 165 TSEGs were detected in the liver and jejunum of BG-fed group, while 162 and 211 TSEGs genes were observed in the liver and jejunum of BD-fed birds, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis with both IPA and DAVID-BR further revealed a significant enrichment of DEGs and TSEGs in the biological processes for reducing the synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion of lipids in the jejunum, while those in the liver were for enhancing the oxidation of ingested lipids and fatty acids. In particular, transcriptional regulators of THRSP and EGR-1 as well as several DEGs involved in the PPAR-alpha signaling pathway were significantly induced by dietary BG intervention for lipid catabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that BG reduces body fat deposition via regulation of gene expression, which is involved in the biological events relating to the reduction of synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion, and improvement of oxidation of lipids and fatty acids.
语种：
英文
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N-acetylcysteine stimulates protein synthesis in enterocytes independently of glutathione synthesis
作者：
Yi, Dan;Hou, Yongqing* ;Wang, Lei;Long, Minhui;Hu, Shengdi;...
期刊：
Amino Acids ,2016年48(2):523-533 ISSN：0939-4451
通讯作者：
Hou, Yongqing
作者机构：
[Hu, Chien-An Andy; Long, Minhui; Mei, Huimin; Hou, Yongqing; Yan, Liqiong; Wang, Lei; Wu, Guoyao; Yi, Dan] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Shengdi; Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Hu, Chien-An Andy] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
通讯机构：
[Hou, Yongqing] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
N-acetylcysteine;Intestinal cells;Protein synthesis;Glutathione
摘要：
Dietary supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been reported to improve intestinal health and treat gastrointestinal diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. According to previous reports, NAC was thought to exert its effect through glutathione synthesis. This study tested the hypothesis that NAC enhances enterocyte growth and protein synthesis independently of cellular glutathione synthesis. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells were cultured for 3 days in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 0 or 100 μM NAC. To determine a possible role for GSH (the reduced form of glutathione) in mediating the effect of NAC on cell growth and protein synthesis, additional experiments were conducted using culture medium containing 100 μM GSH, 100 μM GSH ethyl ester (GSHee), diethylmaleate (a GSH-depletion agent; 10 μM), or a GSH-synthesis inhibitor (buthionine sulfoximine, BSO; 20 μM). NAC increased cell proliferation, GSH concentration, and protein synthesis, while inhibiting proteolysis. GSHee enhanced cell proliferation and GSH concentration without affecting protein synthesis but inhibited proteolysis. Conversely, BSO or diethylmaleate reduced cell proliferation and GSH concentration without affecting protein synthesis, while promoting protein degradation. At the signaling level, NAC augmented the protein abundance of total mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR, and phosphorylated 70S6 kinase as well as mRNA levels for mTOR and p70S6 kinase in IPEC-1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that NAC upregulates expression of mTOR signaling proteins to stimulate protein synthesis in enterocytes independently of GSH generation. Our findings provide a hitherto unrecognized biochemical mechanism for beneficial effects of NAC in intestinal cells. © 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien.
语种：
英文
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The anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin through suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in LPS-challenged piglet mononuclear phagocytes:
作者：
Ye, Chun;Li, Sali;Yao, Wenxu;Xu, Lei;Qiu, Yinsheng* ;...
期刊：
INNATE IMMUNITY ,2016年22(3):196-204 ISSN：1753-4259
通讯作者：
Qiu, Yinsheng
作者机构：
[Liu, Yu; Hou, Yongqing; Ye, Chun; Xu, Lei; Li, Sali; Qiu, Yinsheng; Wu, Zhongyuan; Yao, Wenxu] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yu; Hou, Yongqing; Ye, Chun; Qiu, Yinsheng; Wu, Zhongyuan] Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Qiu, Yinsheng] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Baicalin;anti-inflammation;NLRP3 inflammasome;piglet peripheral blood mononuclear cell;reactive oxygen species
摘要：
In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of baicalin on LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammatory pathway were investigated in piglet mononuclear phagocytes (control, LPS stimulation, LPS stimulation + 12.5 μg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 25 μg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 50 μg/ml baicalin and LPS stimulation + 100 μg/ml baicalin). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as the protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 p20 were significantly increased after LPS-challenge in vitro. However, LPS stimulation did not influence apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 mRNA levels, which are also components of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Baicalin at 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml could inhibit the production of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18, and down-regulate mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as expression of cleaved caspase-1 p20. These results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin occurred via the regulation of the release of ROS and mRNA expression of NLRP3. The anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin could be related to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway under LPS stimulation. © 2016 The Author(s).
语种：
英文
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基于猪肠道功能靶标的饲料添加剂研究进展
作者：
王蕾;易丹;侯永清,
作者机构：
[王蕾; 易丹; 侯永清,] 武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室;[王蕾; 易丹; 侯永清,] 武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十届全国代表大会暨十二届学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
会议论文集名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十届全国代表大会暨十二届学术研讨会论文集
关键词：
猪;肠道功能;饲料添加剂
摘要：
肠道健康是制约猪生长潜力发挥的重要因素,在增进肠道健康的诸多方法中,营养调控被认为是最有效且安全的方法。一些营养素被证实可有效维护肠道完整性和改善肠道功能、维护肠道健康。探索基于肠道功能靶标的饲料添加剂对促进养猪业的发展具有重要意义。本文结合我们多年的研究成果,就基于肠道功能靶标的饲料添加剂研究进展作一综述。
语种：
中文
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氨基酸的内源性合成限制了动物的生长、泌乳和繁殖（Ⅱ）
作者：
侯永清;姚康;印遇龙;伍国耀
期刊：
中国饲料 ,2016年(10):36-42 ISSN：1004-3314
作者机构：
动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室，动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心，武汉轻工大学，湖北武汉430000;中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,湖南长沙,410000;中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所，湖南长沙410000;德克萨斯农工大学动物科学系，美国德克萨斯州001210
关键词：
氨基酸组成;泌乳奶牛;合成氨基酸;支链氨基酸;乳腺上皮细胞;仔猪体重;精氨酸酶;肠功能紊乱;豆粕型;生长猪
摘要：
断奶动物的氨基酸代谢<br> 断奶与肠功能紊乱、氨基酸代谢改变、哺乳动物生长减缓有关。植物性日粮和母乳在氨基酸组成上的主要区别在于（以干物质基础表示），前者具有更高含量的丙氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸和甘氨酸，以及更低含量的支链氨基酸、谷氨酸、谷氨酰胺、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、脯氨酸、丝氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸和酪氨酸。对于饲喂玉米-豆粕型饲料的断奶仔猪，日粮必需氨基酸，以及天冬酰胺、丝氨酸、丙氨酸均超出了蛋白质合成的需要，但日粮天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、脯氨酸、精氨酸、谷氨酰胺并不能满足需要（表1）。
语种：
中文
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Gene expression profiles in the intestine of lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets
作者：
Yi, Dan;Hou, Yongqing* ;Wang, Lei;Zhao, Di;Ding, Binying;...
期刊：
Frontiers in Bioscience-Landmark ,2016年21(3):487-501 ISSN：2768-6701
通讯作者：
Hou, Yongqing
作者机构：
[Wu, Tao; Liu, Yulan; Kang, Ping; Hou, Yongqing; Wang, Lei; Wu, Guoyao; Zhao, Di; Ding, Binying; Yi, Dan; Chen, Hongbo] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Hou, Yongqing] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Hou, Yongqing] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Gene expression;Intestinal function;Lipopolysaccharide;Pig;Review
摘要：
Bowel diseases are common in human and animals and are characterized by intestinal dysfunction and injury. A well-established porcine model of intestinal injury can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released from the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria. LPS affects the expression of genes associated with intestinal immune response, mucosal growth, energy metabolism, absorption, mucosal barrier function, and antiviral function. Transcriptional analysis of intestinal genes reveals that the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon respond to LPS challenge in a similar pattern. Moreover, the jejunum and ileum exhibit greater responses to LPS challenge than the duodenum and colon with regard to gene expression. Additionally, over 85% of genes are co-expressed along the small and large intestines and there is a clear distinction in gene expression patterns amongst the different intestinal segments in pigs. These findings have important implications for underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for endotoxin-induced intestinal injury and dysfunction.
语种：
英文
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抑制大肠杆菌K88的益生菌体外筛选
作者：
王磊;吕阳;张越;谢佳倩;赵迪;...
期刊：
中国畜牧兽医 ,2016年(05):1355-1360 ISSN：1671-7236
作者机构：
1. 武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院;2. 动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室
关键词：
益生菌;干酪乳杆菌;凝结芽孢杆菌;IPEC-1细胞系;LDH活性;平板计数法
摘要：
本研究以从断奶仔猪肠道分离的益生菌为试验菌株,将大肠杆菌K88和益生菌接种到体外培养的猪小肠上皮细胞（intestinal porcine epithelial cell-1,IPEC-1）中,测定培养2.5h上清液中的乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）活性,同时将益生菌和大肠杆菌K88体外混合培养2.5h,进行平板计数,统计大肠杆菌K88菌数的变化,筛选出可以抑制大肠杆菌K88的益生菌。试验结果显示,干酪乳杆菌和凝结芽孢杆菌能显著降低IPEC-1培养上清液中的LDH活性（P<0.05）,降低大肠杆菌K88对细胞的损伤;凝结芽孢杆菌能降低DMEM培养基中大肠杆菌K88的生长速度,结合模拟制粒过程及胃肠道环境的耐高温、耐酸及耐胆盐研究进行综合分析,该凝结芽胞杆菌对大肠杆菌K88有较好的抑制作用且具有良好的耐高温、耐酸及耐胆盐性能,具有作为微生态制剂菌株的应用潜力。本试验建立了能够抑制大肠杆菌K88的益生菌体外筛选技术模型。
语种：
中文
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棕榈粕部分替代玉米对四川白鹅生产性能及肉品质的影响
作者：
康萍;谢明;孙伟;侯水生;刘玉兰;...
作者机构：
[康萍; 谢明; 孙伟; 侯水生; 刘玉兰; 吴涛; 梅慧敏; 侯永清] 武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院;[康萍; 谢明; 孙伟; 侯水生; 刘玉兰; 吴涛; 梅慧敏; 侯永清] 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
关键词：
棕榈粕;鹅;胴体和肉品质;脂肪酸组成
摘要：
本试验的目的是研究棕榈粕部分替代玉米后对四川白鹅生产性能及肌肉品质和脂肪酸组成的影响。273只四川白鹅[公鹅,28日龄,(1 271±10)g]随机分配到5个处理组,进行为期42天的饲养试验。其棕榈粕的添加量分别为0%、5%、10%、15%和20%。每个处理6个重复,每个重复8~9只鹅。在试验第43天,每个重复随机挑选2只鹅,屠宰取胸肌以备分析。研究结果显示,部分添加棕榈粕对四川白鹅的生产性能没有
语种：
中文
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Dietary Supplementation with α-Ketoglutarate Activates mTOR Signaling and Enhances Energy Status in Skeletal Muscle of Lipopolysaccharide-Challenged Piglets
作者：
Wang, Lei;Yi, Dan;Hou, Yongqing* ;Ding, Binying;Li, Kang;...
期刊：
The Journal of Nutrition ,2016年146(8):1514-1520 ISSN：0022-3166
通讯作者：
Hou, Yongqing;Wu, Guoyao
作者机构：
[Li, Kang; Liu, Yulan; Li, Baocheng; Hou, Yongqing; Wu, GY; Wang, Lei; Wu, Guoyao; Ding, Binying; Yi, Dan; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
通讯机构：
[Hou, YQ; Wu, GY] W;[Wu, Guoyao] T;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
关键词：
*cell signaling;*gastrocnemius muscle;*inflammation;*lipopolysaccharide;*alpha-ketoglutarate
摘要：
Background: Skeletal muscle undergoes rapid loss in response to inflammation. a-Ketoglutarate (AKG) has been reported to enhance muscle growth in piglets, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that dietary AKG supplementation activates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and improves skeletal muscle energy metabolism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Methods: Forty-eightmale piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)wereweaned at 21 d of age to a corn- and soybeanmeal- based diet. After a 3-d period of adaptation, piglets with a mean weight of 7.21 kg were randomly assigned to control, LPS (intraperitoneal administration of 80 μg LPS/kg body weight on days 10, 12, 14, and 16), or LPS plus 1% dietary AKG (LPS +AKG) groups. On day 16, blood sampleswere collected from8 piglets/group 3 h after LPS administration.On day 17, piglets were killed to obtain gastrocnemius muscle from 8 piglets/group for biochemical analysis. Results: Compared with the control group, LPS administration increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of globulin (by 14%) and tumor necrosis factor α (by 59%) and the intramuscular ratio of AMP to ATP (by 93%) and abundance of phosphorylated acetyl- coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) β protein (by 64%). Comparedwith the control group, LPS administration reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain (by 15%); plasma concentrations of glutamine (by 20%), glucose (by 23%), insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and epidermal growth factor; intramuscular concentrations of glutamine (by 27%), ATP (by 12%), ADP (by 22%), and total adenine nucleotides; and intramuscular ratios of phosphorylated mTOR to total mTOR (by 38%) and of phosphorylated 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) to total p70S6K (by 39%). These adverse effects of LPS were ameliorated (P < 0.05) by AKG supplementation. Conclusions: Dietary AKG supplementation activated mTOR signaling, inhibited ACC-β, and improved energy status in skeletal muscle of LPS-challenged piglets. These results provide a biochemical basis for the use of AKG to enhance piglet growth under inflammatory or practical postweaning conditions. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.
语种：
英文
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花生藤替代苜蓿对四川白鹅生产性能及肉品质的影响
作者：
康萍;谢明;孙伟;侯水生;刘玉兰;...
作者机构：
[康萍; 谢明; 孙伟; 侯水生; 刘玉兰; 吴涛; 梅慧敏; 侯永清] 武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院;[康萍; 谢明; 孙伟; 侯水生; 刘玉兰; 吴涛; 梅慧敏; 侯永清] 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
关键词：
花生藤;苜蓿;鹅;胴体和肉品质;脂肪酸组成
摘要：
本试验的目的是研究花生藤替代苜蓿后对四川白鹅生产性能及肌肉品质和脂肪酸组成的影响。162只四川白鹅[公鹅,28日龄,(1 021±15)g]随机分配到三个处理组,进行为期42天的饲养试验。其花生藤的添加量分别为0%、3%和6%,即分别替代了基础饲粮中0%、50%和100%的苜蓿。每个处理6个重复,每个重复8~9只鹅。在试验第43天,每个重复随机挑选2只鹅,屠宰取胸肌以备分析。研究结果显示,四川白鹅
语种：
中文
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Whole-body synthesis of l-homoarginine in pigs and rats supplemented with l-arginine
作者：
Hou, Yongqing;Hu, Shengdi;Jia, Sichao;Nawaratna, Gayan;Che, Dongsheng;...
期刊：
Amino Acids ,2016年48(4):993-1001 ISSN：0939-4451
通讯作者：
Wu, Guoyao
作者机构：
[Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Jia, Sichao; Bazer, Fuller W.; Hu, Shengdi; Nawaratna, Gayan; Hou, Yongqing; Wang, Fenglai; Wu, Guoyao; Che, Dongsheng] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
通讯机构：
[Wu, Guoyao] W;[Wu, Guoyao] T;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.
关键词：
Arginine;Homoarginine;Animals;Metabolism;Synthesis
摘要：
Recent studies suggest an important role for l-homoarginine in cardiovascular, hepatic and neurological functions, as well as the regulation of glucose metabolism. However, little is known about whole-body l-homoarginine synthesis or its response to dietary l-arginine intake in animals. Four series of experiments were conducted to determine l-homoarginine synthesis and catabolism in pigs and rats. In Experiment 1, male and female pigs were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.0-2.42 % l-arginine-HCl. In Experiment 2, male and female rats were fed a casein-based diet, while receiving drinking water containing supplemental l-arginine-HCl to provide 0.0-3.6 g l-arginine/kg body-weight/day. In both experiments, urine collected from the animals for 24 h was analyzed for l-homoarginine and related metabolites. In Experiment 3, pigs and rats received a single oral dose of 1 or 10 mg l-homoarginine/kg body-weight, respectively, and their urine was collected for 24 h for analyses of l-homoarginine and related substances. In Experiment 4, slices of pig and rat tissues (including liver, brain, kidney, heart, and skeletal-muscle) were incubated for 1 h in Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing 5 or 50 μM l-homoarginine. Our results indicated that: (a) animal tissues did not degrade L-homoarginine in the presence of physiological concentrations of other amino-acids; (b) 95-96 % of orally administered l-homoarginine was recovered in urine; (c) l-homoarginine was quantitatively a minor product of l-arginineg catabolism in the body; and (d) dietary l-arginine supplementation dose-dependently increased whole-body l-homoarginine synthesis. These novel findings provide a new framework for future studies of l-homoarginine metabolism and physiology in animals and humans. © 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien.
语种：
英文
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N-乙酰半胱氨酸对病毒感染IPEC-1细胞相关基因mRNA水平的影响
作者：
晏利琼;侯永清;王蕾;易丹;梅慧敏;...
作者机构：
[晏利琼; 侯永清; 王蕾; 易丹; 梅慧敏; 谢佳倩] 武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
关键词：
N-乙酰半胱氨酸;猪流行性腹泻病毒;肠上皮细胞;mRNA水平
摘要：
流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)感染导致猪肠绒毛损伤、吸收功能紊乱,出现严重腹泻甚至死亡。由于肠道受损严重,感染PEDV的猪生长性能显著降低,极大地影响养猪生产效率。有研究表明N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)具有抗氧化、抑制炎性反应、调节免疫反应、抗细胞凋亡等作用。本试验通过体外研究NAC调控细胞生长与生理功能、工型干扰素信号通路基因探究NAC对PEDV抑制的作用机理。将试验处理按2×2设计分4个组:空白对照
语种：
中文
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N-乙酰半胱氨酸对PEDV感染IPEC-1细胞活力的影响
作者：
晏利琼;侯永清;王蕾;易丹;梅慧敏;...
作者机构：
[晏利琼; 侯永清; 王蕾; 易丹; 梅慧敏; 谢佳倩] 武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室
会议名称：
中国畜牧兽医学会动物营养学分会第十二次动物营养学术研讨会
会议时间：
2016-10-21
会议地点：
中国湖北武汉
关键词：
N-乙酰半胱氨酸;猪流行性腹泻病毒;肠上皮细胞;细胞活力
摘要：
流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)感染导致猪肠绒毛损伤、吸收功能紊乱,出现严重腹泻甚至死亡。由于肠道受损严重,感染PEDV的猪生长性能显著降低,极大地影响养猪生产效率。本试验通过体外研究N-乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC)不同添加方式对PEDV感染IPEC-1细胞活力的影响,从而确定NAC对病毒的抑制效果和最适宜的添加方式。试验分5个处理组:空白对照组、病毒对照组、0.1 mmol/L NAC组、1 mmol/L
语种：
中文
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N-acetylcysteine improves the growth performance and intestinal function in the heat-stressed broilers
作者：
Yi, Dan;Hou, Yongqing;Tan, Linglin;Liao, Man;Xie, Jiaqian;...
期刊：
Animal Feed Science and Technology ,2016年220:83-92 ISSN：0377-8401
通讯作者：
Ding, Binying
作者机构：
[Gong, Joshua; Liao, Man; Hou, Yongqing; Tan, Linglin; Xie, Jiaqian; Wang, Lei; Ding, Binying; Yi, Dan] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Ying] China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Gong, Joshua] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Res & Dev Ctr, Guelph, ON N1G 5C9, Canada.;[Ding, Binying] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Ding, Binying] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Broiler;Heat stress;Intestinal function;N-acetylcysteine
摘要：
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on growth performance and intestinal function of heat-stressed broilers. A total of two hundred 1-d-old Cobb male chicks were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments, with 5 replicated pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The experiment consisted of 4 treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements with two diets (basal diet or 1 g/kg NAC diet) and two temperatures (thermoneutral or heat stress). From day 8–35 of age, broilers were raised at thermoneutral (26 ± 1 °C) or exposed to cyclic heat stress (36 ± 1 °C from 0800 to 1800 and 26 ± 1 °C from 1800 to 0800). The results showed that heat stress reduced ADFI, ADG, plasma concentrations of triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), intestinal villus height (VH), ratio of VH to crypt depth (CD), intestinal mucosal ATP level, adenylate energy charge (AEC), activities of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), antioxidative and digestive enzymes, and mRNA level for Bcl-2, whereas increased the feed/gain, mortality rate, plasma corticosterone level, intestinal CD, intestinal mucosal AMP and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and mRNA levels of heat shock protein (HSP70), caspase-3, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), heme-oxigenase (HMOX), and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). Dietary supplementation with NAC decreased the feed/gain, mortality rate, plasma corticosterone level, MDA concentration and intestinal mucosal mRNA levels of HSP70, AMPK and HMOX, while elevated the ratio of VH to CD, ATP, catalase (CAT) and trypsine activity in the small intestine of heat-stressed broilers. Taken together, these results suggest that dietary supplementation of 1 g/kg NAC could improve growth performance and intestinal function of broilers exposed to heat stress. © 2016 Elsevier B.V.
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英文
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