A commercial ZrO2/α-Al2O3 ceramic ultrafiltration (UF) membrane system with a capacity of 24 m3 h−1 and cut off of 20 kDa was used to treat cold-rolling emulsion wastewater (CREW) from an iron and steel industry in Central China. The ceramic membrane exhibited high removal efficiency for oil and chemical oxygen demand (COD), with an average removal rate of 99.88% and 98.41%, respectively, which were better than other reported state-of-the-art ceramic membranes. In order to solve the problems of membrane fouling and low permeation flux in the ...
