The theory and practice of both Neo-Confucianism and LU-WANG heart studying, is in fact the matter of peering inside oneself. The practical thoughts during the Ming and Qing dynasties realized the transformation from knowledge of virtue to knowledge of sense, empha- sizing that people should explore the laws of nature and human society from the changing mate- rial substances, and proposing this philosophy of theory and practice. The spirit of seeking truth from facts was the spirit of science, which...