China’s rapid urbanization has significantly impacted the environment, escalating resource, energy, and material consumption. Sustainable urban development has become a critical issue, with eco-efficiency emerging as a key metric for its assessment. This study employs eco-efficiency analysis, incorporating environmental contamination as an undesirable output, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and a modified super-efficiency model for ranking cities. Empirical research was conducted on 30 Chinese provincial capital cities using real-world d...
