Conceptualization, J.H. and J.C.; methodology, Z.W. and L.W.; formal analysis, Z.W. and L.W.; investigation, Z.W. and L.W.; data curation, Z.W. and L.W.; writing—original draft preparation, J.H., Z.W. and L.W.; writing—review and editing, J.H., Z.W., L.W., Y.Y., Z.-u.D., J.Z. and J.C.; visualization, J.H., Z.W., L.W. and J.C.; supervision, J.H. and J.C.; project administration, X.C., S.C. and J.C.; funding acquisition, J.C. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. This research was partly funded by the Technical Reserve Project from the School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, and Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. (Se1-202110). Research on the functional characterization of polysaccharide-based delivery systems was partly supported by the International Science and Technology Cooperation Project of Hubei Province of China (No. 2021EHB029). The authors declare that this study received the funding of Technical Reserve Project from the School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University & Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd. (Se1-202110). This project provided the selenium-enriched peptide powder and financial support for the finish of this study. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. The authors declare no conflict of interest.