The accurate detection of road defects is crucial for enhancing the safety and efficiency of road maintenance. This study focuses on six common types of pavement defects: transverse cracks, longitudinal cracks, alligator cracking, oblique cracks, potholes, and repair marks. In real-world scenarios, key challenges include effectively distinguishing between the foreground and background, as well as accurately identifying small-sized (e.g., fine cracks, dense alligator cracking, and clustered potholes) and overlapping defects (e.g., intersecting cracks or clustered damage areas where multiple def...
