Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has emerged as a predominant point-of-care testing technology that triggers extensive applications in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Nevertheless, the classical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-LFIA is lacking in high sensitivity and merely appropriate for qualitative/semi-quantitative detection in most cases due to the inherent brightness constraints. The consecutive emergence of various kinds of metal nanocomposites (MNCs) endows the labels with multifunctional properties (magnetism, colorimetry, fluorescence, catalysis, photothermal ...
