In this section, simulation results is provided to show how the conditions developed in 3 Stability results for a dumbbell network, 4 Applications to protocol design and parameter settings can be used for network design and applications. In simulations, the single bottleneck link model connecting to N homogeneous sources is used, as depicted by Fig. 1. By using ns2 (NS-2), the simulations are carried out to validate the packet-level implementations and by using Matlab to obtain the flow-level