Exosomes are a heterogeneous group of nano-sized natural membrane vesicles released from various cells and exist in body fluids. Different from the previous unders-tanding of the function of exosomes as “garbage bins”, exosomes act as carriers with many kinds of bioactive molecules (e.g., proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids) to play an im-portant role in cell-cell communication. Growing evidence in recent years has suggested that exosomes also play some roles in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment modali-ties of some brain diseases, in...
