The heavy metal lead (Pb), as a typical pollutant, poses a major threat to environmental ecology. Developing efficient and economical lead ions (Pb 2+ ) removal technologies from aqueous solutions has become an urgent task. In this study, the peanut shell biochar (BC) composite adsorbents functionalized with rod-shaped hydroxyapatite (HAP) were synthesized by a combination of high-temperature pyrolysis of peanut shells and in-situ solution precipitation technique. By optimizing the addition amount of BC, the HAP/BC-2 adsorbent presented the max...