The wide chemical diversity of both triterpenoid and steroidal saponins has resulted in The wide chemical diversity of both triterpenoid and steroidal saponins has resulted in renewed renewed interest and investigations of these compounds in recent years. Unlike other natural interest and investigations of these compounds in recent years. Unlike other natural products, such as products, such as alkaloids, the bioavailability of original saponins after oral administration is alkaloids,relativelythebioavailabilitylow, but rareofsaoriginalponins witsaponinsh relatiaftervely oralhighadministrationbioavailability iscan berelativelyobtailnoed by w,butrare biotransformation. Biotransformation requires the structural modification of saponins to efficiently requiarensdt hsetestadruilcytuorabltaminodtihfiec attiarogneto f csoapmopnoinusntdose,f fofricieexnatlmy panled, shttreoaudgilhy otbhtea isnytnheergtya rgoeft cvoamriopuosu nds, for exmamicrpoleo,rtgahnriosumgsh. Bthyeussyinngermgyuoltifpvlea rsitorauisnsm wicirthootrhgeansaismmesa. cBtiyviutys,i ningsmoluubltliepcleomstpraoiunns dwsi tushchth eassame saponins can be synergistically transformed. In the study of metabolism in vivo, saponins can be metabolismtransformed in vivoto di, saponinsfferent compounds can be transformedin the gastroito dintffeerstinalent compoundstract, mainlyinmedtheiatgasted rby ointestinalintestinal tract, flora. Intestinal flora has a strong metabolic function on saponins, and the main metabolic mode is mainly mediated by intestinal flora. Intestinal flora has a strong metabolic function on saponins, and the step-by-step hydrolysis of sugar. The metabolism of intestinal flora is an important link to the main metabolic mode is the step-by-step hydrolysis of sugar. The metabolism of intestinal flora improve the bioavailability of saponins and enhance their pharmacological activity. The is an important link to improve the bioavailability of saponins and enhance their pharmacological activity. The biotransformation pathways of natural saponins have been gradually discovered, which provides an effective scientific basis for the study of saponin metabolism and synthesis. Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31701590 to Y. H.), the Major Technological Innovation Projects of Hubei Province (to S.C.) and the fund of the Beijing Funding: This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31701590 Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (to EngineeringY.H.). and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology & Business University (toY.HConflicts of Interest: .). The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Conflicts of Interest: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
