Introduction Against the backdrop of global warming and the frequent occurrence of extreme weather events, effectively bringing into play the effectiveness of agricultural insurance in supporting agriculture and enhancing the resilience of the agricultural economy is of universal significance for countries around the world. This study aims to explore the impact of extreme weather on the resilience of the agricultural economy, as well as whether agricultural insurance plays a role in the relationship between the two.Methods Based on the panel data of 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municip...