通讯机构：
[Jiesheng Liu] S;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, 68 Xuefu S. Rd., Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Nowadays, energy saving, and green sustainability are influencing the development of all industries, including the construction industry. In recent years, geopolymeric cement and concrete have become hot topic materials as a replacement for traditional OPC; this work carried out orthogonal experiments to identify four potential factors affecting the basic properties of the metakaolin-geopolymeric cement specimens. The results showed that the metakaolin and activator contents were the two primary influencing factors. Given the importance of studying the durability of building restoration materials in harsh environments, this experiment focused on testing the bond strength, permeability resistance, sulphate corrosion resistance, and freeze-thaw resistance of metakaolin geopolymer pastes with different proportions of metakaolin dopant and alkali activator content. The findings are that durability of the formed specimens significantly improved when suitable metakaolin and activator contents were incorporated, and bond strength was also improved. Moreover, the microscopic tests, including SEM and FT-IR experiments, were used to better reflect the changing durability of pattern. The experiments showed that the best durability of the metakaolin geopolymeric cement was achieved when the ratio of metakaolin to cement was 1.5 and the ratio of activator to cementitious material was 0.3. It can be concluded that the appropriate content of metakaolin and activator can give the geopolymer excellent performance under harsh conditions, which will contribute to the wide application of geopolymer.
摘要：
With the development of BIM(Building Information Modeling) technology, CIM(City Information Modeling) is accompanied by the development of Internet of Things technology, and the development of CIM has become an academic hotspot. In recent years, due to the limitations of BIM and CAD, it is impossible to transform the spatial and temporal relationship information well. Therefore, the emergence of CIM represents the progress of the construction industry, especially the integration of BIM and CIM makes it complementary, which can maximize the construction of smart cities.
作者机构：
[Liu, Mengyi; Lu, Haijun; Ji, Shuang; Deng, Qingkai] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Mengyi; Lu, Haijun; Wan, Yong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Rock & Soil Mech, State Key Lab Geomech & Geotech Engn, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China.;[Qin, Linbo] Wuhan Univ Sci & Technol, Coll Resources & Environm Engn, Wuhan 430081, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Haijun Lu; Yong Wan] S;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
关键词：
Industrial solid waste;Landfill cover;Microstructure;Modified municipal sludge;Water permeability
摘要：
In order to prepare a new type of landfill covering material for closure, we used industrial calcium-containing waste (slag, desulfurised gypsum and fly ash) to modify the municipal dewatered sludge. Shear, infiltration and rainfall infiltration model tests were performed to obtain the shear strength parameters of the modified sludge, the hydraulic conductivity during the wet-dry cycle, and the service performance against rainfall breakdown to evaluate the service performance of the modified sludge cover (MSC). Comprehensive characterisation of the modified sludge was analysed by XRD, FTIR and SEM-EDS to revealed the mineral structure, microstructure, and modification mechanism of the sludge. The MSC samples had high shear strength and shown the characteristics of evolving from plasticity to brittleness. After curing for 14 d, the values of cohesion c and internal friction angle φ reached 150.75-384.69kPa and 37.60-57.29°, respectively. The MSC exhibited excellent anti-seepage service performance under dry and wet cycle conditions. Compared with traditional compacted clay, its hydraulic conductivity dropped by an order of magnitude, and after six wet and dry cycles, the hydraulic conductivity of the modified sludge reached stability at 1.4-7.2×10(-7) cm/s. The 60-cm-thick MSC layer can completely withstand the impact of long-term rainfall during the rainy season in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Analysis results also show that the modification mechanism of the sludge could be ascribed to the generation of dense blocks and clusters of C-S-H and C-A-S-H gels originated from SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), and CaO phases in industrial calcium-containing waste and sludge by the activation of the alkali.
通讯机构：
[Zhenhua Yao; Man Zhang] S;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China<&wdkj&>School of Material Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, WuHan 430070, PR China
通讯机构：
[Haijun Lu] S;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
In order to prepare a novel landfill liner material, we used industrial calcium-containing waste (slag, fly ash, and desulfurized gypsum) to solidify municipal sludge. The mechanical and permeability properties of the solidified sludge material (SSM) were evaluated using straight shear, uniaxial compression, and permeability tests. The hydration products, microscopic morphology, and elemental composition of the SSM after the wet and dry cycles were analyzed using a combination of scanning electron microscopy (SEM + EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The SSM has high strength and low hydraulic conductivity. The values of cohesion c and internal friction angle phi reached 0.45-3.31 MPa and 6.52-36.28 degrees. The SSM exhibited a compressive strength of 0.93-11.67 MPa and hydraulic conductivity of 4.80 x 10(-9) -1.34 x 10(-7) cm/s. Analysis shows that SiO2, Al2O3, and CaO in industrial calcium-containing solid wastes and sludges produce dense bulk and agglomerated C-S-H and C-A-S-H gels under alkali excitation. The optimum ratio of sludge, desulfurized gypsum, fly ash, and slag in the solidified sludge was 1:0.61:0.62:0.54, whereas the optimum exciter was Ca(OH)(2). The SSM may be used as a good barrier material to prevent water seepage in landfills.
通讯机构：
[Haijun Lu; Rongtang Zhang; Nenghao Zhao] S;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan 430023,China
关键词：
Introduction;Materials and Methods;Results;Discussion;Conclusion;Abstract;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interests;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Acknowledgments;Supplementary Materials;Reference;Dataset Description;Dataset Files;Abstract;Introduction;Introduction and Materials;Introduction and Methods;Materials;Materials and Methods;Methods;Results;Discussion;Results and Discussion;Discussion and Conclusion;Results and Conclusion;Conclusion;Conclusions;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interest;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Supplementary Materials;References;Appendix;Abbreviations;Preliminaries;Introduction and Preliminaries;Notation;Proof of Theorem;Proofs;Analysis of Results;Examples;Numerical Example;Applications;Numerical Simulation;Model;Model Formulation;Systematic Palaeontology;Nomenclatural Acts;Taxonomic Implications;Experimental;Synthesis;Overview;Characterization;Background;Experimental;Theories;Calculations;Model Verification;Model Implementation;Geographic location;Study Area;Geological setting;Data Collection;Field Testing;Data and Sampling;Dataset;Literature Review;Related Works;Related Work;System Model;Methods and Data;Experimental Results;Results and Analysis;Evaluation;Implementation;Case Presentation;Case Report;Search Terms;Case Description;Case Series;Background;Limitations;Additional Points;Case;Case 1;Case 2 etc.;Concern Details;Retraction Details;Copyright;Related Articles
摘要：
In the study of the impact of rainfall on the unsaturated soil slope, the changes of pore water pressure and effective stress are frequently analyzed, while the loading effect caused by the change of pore water content in unsaturated soils is often neglected. In order to realize the coupling effect of the above two, a coupling model involving pore water pressure and pore water gravity was established based on the principle of seepage-stress coupling in unsaturated soils. Through a case verification, the coupling effect of pore water pressure and pore water gravity on the unsaturated soil slope was analyzed from the aspects of effective saturation, pore water pressure, effective stress, displacement, and stability. At the same time, the results were compared with those considering only the pore water pressure. The results show that the slope stability is relatively poor considering the coupling of unsaturated pore water pressure and pore water gravity. Therefore, the gravity effect of pore water in unsaturated soils cannot be neglected when calculating the stability of unsaturated soil slope under rainfall condition.
通讯机构：
[Xiaosheng Wei] S;Room 201, West Building No. 6, School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, China
关键词：
Morphology;Aggregate library;3D bin packing technique;Bullet physics engine;Material assignment;Mesoscale concrete
