摘要：
This study used response surface methodology to determine the optimal conditions for extraction of polysaccharides from Pyracantha. fortuneana (PSPF), and studied the mechanism of PSPF-inducing apoptosis in human ovarian carcinoma Skov3 cells. Response surface methodology (RSM) were adopted to extract PSPF. The maximum value of polysaccharide yield was obtained under these optimal conditions. PSPF had good potential as an antioxidant. Exposure of cells to PSPF resulted in cytotoxicity through the induction of apoptosis, and the reactive oxygen species were increased, mitochondrial membrane potential decreased, DNA damage (detected as gamma- H2AX and RAD51 foci) was observed in Skov3 cells. In addition, PSPF could induce apoptosis of cancer cells. Therefore, PSPF should be explored as novel potential antioxidants and an anti-tumor drug in a clinical setting.
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Codonopsis pilosula</jats:italic> is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat weak spleens, stomach problems, anemia, and fatigue. Polysaccharide is one of main components of <jats:italic>Codonopsis pilosula</jats:italic>. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction parameters of <jats:italic>Codonopsis pilosula</jats:italic> polysaccharides (CPP) by fermentation. The exaction temperature (°C), yeast liquid volume (2mg/ml, ml), and time (h) were employed effects. Results indicated that the best extraction conditions were the following: extraction temperature 24.75°C, yeast liquid volume 2.96ml (5.92mg), and a fermentation time of 21.03hr. After purification with DE52 and Sephadex G‐100, the molecular structure was determined by ultraviolet–visible (UV) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (<jats:sup>1</jats:sup>H and <jats:sup>13</jats:sup>C). The monosaccharide composition of CPP1 was determined to be mannose (1.76%), glucose (97.38%), and arabinose (0.76%). CPP1 exhibited high antioxidant activities in scavenging ABTS radicals, ferreous ions, and superoxide ion radicals. Thus, CPP1 could be used as an antioxidant or functional food.</jats:p>
摘要：
The influence of molecular structure of gallate analogs on the gelation behavior of xyloglucan in the presence of gallate analogs was investigated by rheology and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and NMR. We found that solutions of tamarind seed xyloglucan (TSX) in the presence of gallate analogs such as Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg), Epicatechin gallate (ECg), Gallic acid (GA), methyl, ethyl, propyl gallate (abbreviated m GA, e GA and p GA respectively), pyrogallol, p-, m- and 3, 5-di-hydroxybenzoic acids all could induce a thermo-reversible gelation and form gels of different stiffnesses, but (-)-Gallocatechin gallate (GCg), ()-Epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-Epicatechin (EC), benzoic acid, salicylic acid could not. By constructive induction and analogy a possible conclusion could be deduced that on the basis of sufficient mutual solubility, a structure analogue to galloyl moiety in certain chemicals is the critical structure feature which induces the gelling of xyloglucan, a decrease in hydroxyl group number led to weakened gel strength but increased critical gelling concentration, if removing of acetoxyl group from the gallate ring would significantly reduce the gelation potency. Furthermore, the relative position of acetoxyl and hydroxyl group, as well as the branched side group linked to the acyloxy of gallate analogs both affected the gelling behavior. These conclusions were also further supported by visual, theological, DSC observations and NMR. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Hydrodistillation, solvent, enzymolysis and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) methods were used to extract the essential oil of Osmanthus fragrans Lour.. The components of the essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The yields of essential oil extracted by theose four different methods from O. fragrans Lour were were 0.14%, 0.89%, 0.94%, 1.11% respectively, based on the dry weight. Trans-linalool oxide, cis-linalool oxide, beta-ionone, 9-Tricosene, hexadecanoic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester were the primary components of O. fragrans essential oil. The chemical analysis revealed that the percentage of those primary components of essential oil extracted by different methods were widely different. The results indicated that supercritical fluid extraction method with suitable extract conditions was more selective than the other methods. SFE is the best method for extracting the essential oil of O. fragrans which was solvent free and available in high purity at relatively low cost in the extraction of essential oil.
