期刊：
International Affairs,2004年80(4):755-768 ISSN：0020-5850
作者机构：
St Anne's College, Oxford
摘要：
Three recent surveys of American foreign relations lie at the intersection of topical academic and policy debates. Robert Lieber's Eagle rules? makes a case for American primacy as a precondition for global stability, and in so doing reflects an agenda for US foreign policy that is broadly associated with the current Bush administration. By contrast, Joseph Nye's The paradox of American power argues against US unilateralism, and may be read as an implicit critique of the apparent recent shift in American strategy. Nevertheless, both Lieber and Nye make a case for extensive American engagement with the world as a basis for international stability. By contrast, Chalmers Johnson's Blowback views America's global ‘engagement’ as a thinly disguised diplomatic veil for imperialism. Although they make very different arguments, these three books are usefully considered together. Nye's stress on the importance of soft power, multilateral diplomacy and wider structural changes in the nature of world politics is a useful corrective to Lieber's emphasis on US primacy. But Johnson is right to criticize the excessive and ultimately counter-productive level of military involvement of the United States around the world. In the absence of a more effective global balance of power, the preconditions for a robust system of international diplomacy as well as the management of globalization will not be satisfied.
作者机构：
[Wilcox, P] University of Kentucky;[Quisenberry, N] McKendree College;[Cabrera, DT] Northern Marianas College;[Jones, S] University of Pittsburgh
通讯机构：
[Wilcox, P ] ;Univ Kentucky, Dept Sociol, 1531 Patterson Off Tower, Lexington, KY 40506 USA.
摘要：
Borrowing from the systemic model of social disorganization theory as well as from theories of human ecology and urban geography, we examine the effects of land use on community rates of violence and burglary. We posit that community crime is differentially affected by distinct nonresidential physical spaces in a neighborhood-distinct in terms of whether they are adult-centered, "business-oriented" public spaces versus spaces that are public yet still "resident centered," especially toward community youth (e.g., educational and recreational spaces). We examine potential main, mediating, and moderating effects of neighborhood social structure, resident-centered versus business-oriented public land use, and neighborhood-level processes, including neighboring and physical incivility, using data from 100 Seattle census tracts. Results suggest that the effects of schools on community violence are largely direct, while the effect of business places on violent crime is mediated substantially, but not completely, by physical disorder. In contrast, the effect of playgrounds on violence is moderated by residential instability. Regarding burglary, presence of schools is nonsignificant. Presence of businesses increases burglary, though the effect is partially mediated again by physical disorder. The effect of businesses is also moderated by residential (in)stability. Presence of playgrounds increases burglary risk regardless of neighborhood social-structural characteristics.
摘要：
This note describes a domain of distributions of wellbeing, in which different distributions may have different populations. It proves a representation theorem for an ordering defined on this domain.
摘要：
This paper is the report of a meeting that gathered many of the UK's most senior animal scientists with representatives of the farming industry, consumer groups, animal welfare groups, and environmentalists. There was strong consensus that the current economic structure of agriculture cannot adequately address major issues of concern to society: farm incomes, food security and safety, the needs of developing countries, animal welfare, and the environment. This economic structure is based primarily on competition between producers and between retailers, driving food prices down, combined with externalization of many costs. These issues must be addressed by a combination of legislation, restructuring of the market, and use of public funds. The meeting included workshops that made other recommendations for research and education. The most urgent requirement is recognition that change is needed and development of a vision for what that change must achieve.
期刊：
Substance Use and Misuse,2002年37(11):1305-1330 ISSN：1082-6084
通讯作者：
Porter, J
作者机构：
[Porter, J] Department of Sociology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, PA, 19010, U.S.A.;[Metzger, D; Scotti, R] Opiate/AIDS Research Division, Center for the Studies of Addiction, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, 3900 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, U.S.A.
通讯机构：
[Porter, J ] ;Bryn Mawr Coll, Dept Sociol, Bryn Mawr, PA 19010 USA.
摘要：
Using qualitative interviews conducted in 1999, we examine awareness and use of drug user treatment and social service referrals, medical care, and HIV testing provided by needle exchange programs (NEPs) among injectors who use NEPs (N = 26) and injectors who get their syringes from other sources (N = 20). A four-category typology of NEP service knowledge and use emerges from these interviews: "Active involvement" - use of services; "Steppingstone" - no use of services but knowledge that specific services are available; "Vague awareness" - nonspecific knowledge of service availability; and "Unaware: - no awareness of the service provision function of NEPs. We describe patterns of distribution of respondents among these categories and suggest policy implications.
摘要：
Indexical predication is possible as well as the more familiar indexical reference. ‘My curtains are coloured thus’ describes my curtains. The indexical predicate expression it contains (‘coloured thus’) stands to possible non‐indexical replacements (‘red’) as a referring indexical (‘he’) does to possible non‐indexical replacements (‘Tom’), in that it calls upon the context of utterance to fix its semantic contribution to the whole. Indexical predication is the natural resource to call upon in talk about skilful human performances, where we exhibit considerable know‐how but little explicit know‐that. Speech is among such performances. Both direct and indirect speech reports may be illuminated by seeing them in the light of this thought. A corollary of the approach is that the prospects of providing a formal semantic treatment of indirect speech do not look good.
期刊：
Theory and Society,2000年29(6):739-784 ISSN：0304-2421
通讯作者：
Townsley, E
作者机构：
[Townsley, E] Mount Holyoke College, USA
通讯机构：
[Townsley, E ] ;Mt Holyoke Coll, S Hadley, MA 01075 USA.
摘要：
Les rapports entre professionnalisation academique et son influence sur le gouvernement des Etats-Unis dans les annees 60 sont analyses : quel a ete le role des intellectuels dans les politiques sociales? En quoi consiste cette influence?
摘要：
Cities, and in particular historic cities, are recognised as valuable resources within the increasingly competitive and integrated European economy. This paper focuses on the experiences of two such cities, Edinburgh and Prague, contrasting different approaches in local planning and urban regeneration policy. Edinburgh, like other western European capitalist cities, has a long tradition of strategic planning and policy making, engaging with a broad range of policy stakeholders and local interest groups. In contrast, the city of Prague highlights some of the difficulties faced by post-socialist cities as they adapt to the economic forces of the European Union and globalisation. Limited attention has been given to how post-socialist cities have managed to come to terms with such forces and reconcile competing national and local trends. In the paper, key issues identified in Prague refer to the fragmentation of local government, the lengthy nature of re-establishing property ownership and procedural difficulties with the planning system. These problems have effectively hindered the formulation of a strategic framework for future urban planning, and have led to a lack of co-operation between decision makers in the city. The comparison between the experiences of east and west clearly highlights the necessity of re-focusing on the relationship between the planning system and its specific context of governance structures. Planning historic cities is a necessary factor to ensure that sustainable development is achievable, and to secure an advantageous position within the emerging European hierarchy. Post-socialist cities can do more by learning from the experience of urban Europe, as East looks West.
期刊：
Notre Dame Law Review,1999年74(2):439-537 ISSN：0745-3515
作者机构：
College of California, United States;National Judicial College;University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States;Notre Dame Law School, United States
