通讯机构：
[Lei Cheng] I;Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430208, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Simple Summary The American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines recommend that hematology reference intervals (RIs) should be established based on specific animals in specific regions. However, the information on hematology RIs is still lacking for Chinese dairy cows, which account for a total number of more than 3 million. Thus, the aim of this study is to establish hematology RIs for Chinese dairy cows using a large sample size. After the collection of blood samples from 786 Holstein cows, we generated hematology RIs according to overall animals, different ages, different parities and different lactation stages. Our results provide important hematologic information for both clinicians and researchers to approach the health surveillance of Holstein cows in southern China. Hematology RIs help clinicians and researchers determine whether a hematology parameter is abnormal, which plays an important role in animal health surveillance. China is one of the largest dairy producers in the world, with millions of Holstein cows. However, there has been no published data on hematology RIs for dairy cows in China yet. Therefore, the aim of this study is to establish updated and accurate RIs for Holstein cows in southern China. To increase the accuracy of the RIs, we collected blood samples from 786 Holstein cows and analyzed 25 hematologic variables. The RIs for Holstein cows were established using the 95% percentile RIs according to the American Society of Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines. The effects of different ages, parities and lactation stages were also checked in this study. The data of 21, 22 and 19 out of 25 hematology parameters were significantly different between different ages, parities and lactation stages, respectively. Furthermore, the hematology RIs of separate subclasses according to different ages, parities and lactation stages were generated. Hematology RIs according to ages and lactation stages, as well as parities and lactation stages, were also assessed. Together, our results confirm that hematology RIs for cows vary by ages, parities and lactation stages. The present study helps to fill the gap in hematology RIs for Holstein cows in southern China, and our data may serve as a very useful tool for monitoring the health and welfare of dairy cattle in China.
作者：
Huang, F. F.;Yang, Y.;Wang, L. M.;Wang, H.;Li, P.;...
期刊：
Food and Agricultural Immunology,2022年33(1):35-46 ISSN：0954-0105
通讯作者：
H. L. Zhu
作者机构：
[Yang, Y.; Zhu, H. L.; Huang, F. F.; Li, P.; Wang, L. M.; Xu, X.; Wang, H.; Xiao, K.] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Y. L.; Liu, J. S.] Zhejiang Vegamax Biotechnol Co Ltd, Anji, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[H. L. Zhu] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
通讯机构：
[Yulan Liu; Yulan Liu Yulan Liu Yulan Liu] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023 P. R. China
摘要：
DSS‐induced colitis is associated with intestinal stem cell (ISC) damage and perturbations of mitochondrial fission and fusion. Aspartate enhances ISC proliferation and differentiation to maintain the integrity of colonic epithelium against DSS through the regulation of mitochondrial fusion. Therefore, dietary aspartate supplementation may be a good nutritional strategy in the prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases. Scope Proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are crucial for functional restoration after injury, which can be regulated by nutritional molecules. Aspartate is implicated in maintaining intestinal barrier after injury, but underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, this study seeks to investigate if aspartate alleviates colonic epithelial damage by regulating ISC function, and to elucidate its mechanisms. Methods and results Eight‐week‐old male C57BL/6 mice supplement with or without 1% L‐aspartate are subjected to drinking water or 2.5% DSS to induce colitis. In this study, aspartate administration alleviates the severity of colitis, as indicated by reduced body weight loss, colon shortening, and inhibited pro‐inflammatory cytokine expression in DSS‐challenged mice. Additionally, aspartate promotes colonic epithelial cell proliferation and differentiation after DSS‐induced damage in mice. Pretreatment with aspartate not only enhances ISC proliferation but also induces ISC differentiation toward enterocytes and goblet cells, which prevent TNF‐α‐induced colonoid damage. Mechanistically, aspartate ameliorates DSS/TNF‐α‐induced perturbation of mitochondrial metabolism and maintains mitochondrial dynamics in colonic epithelium and colonoids. Moreover, aspartate‐mediated ISC proliferation and differentiation are primarily dependent on mitochondrial fusion rather than fission. Conclusions The findings indicate that aspartate promotes ISC proliferation and differentiation to alleviate colonic epithelial damage by regulation of mitochondrial metabolism and dynamics.
通讯机构：
[Kang, P.] H;[Liu, Y.] Y;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
通讯机构：
[Shiyan Qiao] S;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University , Beijing , PR China<&wdkj&>Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory , Beijing , PR China
摘要：
Background
The approach to matching appropriate carbohydrates alongside free amino acids to achieve optimal muscle growth remains unclear.
Objectives
We investigated whether the consumption of a diet containing rapidly digested carbohydrate and free amino acids can enhance intestinal absorption and muscular uptake of amino acids in pigs.
Method
Twelve barrows (28 kg; 11 wk old) with catheters installed in the portal vein, mesenteric vein, femoral artery, and femoral vein were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 2 free amino acid–enriched diets (3.34%) containing rapidly [waxy corn starch (WCS)] or slowly [pea starch (PS)] digested carbohydrate for 27 d. Blood was collected to determine the fluxes of plasma glucose and amino acids across the portal vein and the hindlimb muscle. Dietary in vitro carbohydrate digestive rates were also determined. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures (time × group) ANOVA.
Results
Carbohydrate in vitro cumulative digestibility at 30 and 240 min was 69.00% and 95.25% for WCS and 23.25% and 81.15% for PS, respectively. The animal experiment presented WCS increased individual amino acids (lysine, 0.67 compared with 0.53 mmol/min; threonine, 0.40 compared with 0.29 mmol/min; isoleucine, 0.33 compared with 0.22 mmol/min; glutamate, 0.51 compared with 0.35 mmol/min; and proline, 0.51 compared with 0.27 mmol/min), essential amino acid (EAA; 3.26 compared with 2.65 mmol/min), and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA; 0.86 compared with 0.65 mmol/min) fluxes across the portal vein during 8 h postprandial, as well as individual amino acids (isoleucine, 0.08 compared with 0.02 mmol/min; leucine, 0.06 compared with 0.02 mmol/min; and glutamine, 0.44 compared with 0.25 mmol/min), EAA (0.50 compared with 0.21 mmol/min), and BCAA (0.17 compared with 0.06 mmol/min) net fluxes across the hindlimb muscle during 8 h postprandial compared with PS (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
A diet containing rapidly digested carbohydrate and free amino acids can promote intestinal absorption and net fluxes across hindlimb muscle of amino acids in pigs.
通讯机构：
[Yongwei Wang] A;[Binying Ding] H;Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, People’s Republic of China
通讯机构：
[Shengjun Zhao] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Simple Summary Summer heat stress (HS) seriously affects the reproductive and lactation performance of sows and the long-term development of their offspring. Mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) is widely used as an ingredient in animal feed as it can limit the colonization of enteric pathogens. However, most animal experiments that use MOS to alleviate the effects of HS are often performed with broilers. The effect of MOS in sows affected by HS is unclear. Based on our results, dietary supplementation with MOS tended to alleviate HS in sows compared with the control. However, no significant interactive effects were found. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary supplementation with mannose oligosaccharide (MOS) on the condition of the body and the reproductive and lactation performances of sows. Eighty pregnant sows were randomly assigned to four groups with a 2 x 2 factorial design: with or without MOS (1 g/kg) and with or without heat stress (HS) challenge. The temperature in the HS groups (HS and HM group) was controlled at 31.56 +/- 1.22 degrees C, while the temperature in the active cooling (AC) groups (AC and AM group) was controlled at 23.49 +/- 0.72 degrees C. The weight loss of sows in the AC group was significantly lower than that of sows in the HS group (p < 0.01). The weight and backfat thickness loss of sows supplemented with MOS displayed a downward trend. The average birth weight of the litter significantly increased in the HM group (basic diet + MOS) compared with the HS group (p < 0.05). The milk protein of sows significantly decreased under the HS condition at 2 and 12 h after delivery (p < 0.05). However, the milk immunoglobin G (IgG) of sows in the HS group increased significantly compared with that of sows in the HM group (p < 0.05) at 12 and 24 h after delivery. The levels of serum urea nitrogen (UREA) and glucose (GLU) decreased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05), while the level of interleukin-6 (IL-6) increased significantly under the HS condition (p < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with MOS also significantly reduced TNF-alpha under the AC conditions (p < 0.05). In conclusion, HS significantly affected the body condition, lactation performances and their offspring of sows. However, dietary supplementation with 1 g/kg MOS did not result in statistically significant changes.
作者机构：
[Dong, Yuhao; Geng, Jinzhu; Nie, Meng; Huang, Hao; Zhao, Dan; Liu, Yongjie; Lu, Chengping] Nanjing Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Joint Int Res Lab Anim Hlth & Food Safety, Nanjing, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Jin] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wan, Xihe] Inst Oceanol & Marine Fisheries, Nantong, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yongjie Liu] J;Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
摘要：
Protozoan predation has been demonstrated to be a strong driving force for bacterial defence strategies in the environment. Our previous study demonstrated that <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> NJ-35, which evolved small-colony variants (SCVs), displayed various adaptive traits in response to <i>Tetrahymena thermophila</i> predation, such as enhanced phage resistance. However, the evolutionary mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we performed a genome- and transcriptome-wide analysis of the SCV1, representing one strain of the SCVs, for identification of the genes of mutation and altered expression underlying this phage resistance phenotype. Our study demonstrated that phage resistance caused by <i>T. thermophila</i> predation was due to the downregulation of a flagellar biosynthesis regulator, <i>flhF</i>, in SCV1. Interestingly, we confirmed that phage resistance in SCV1 was not straightforwardly attributable to the absence of flagella but to FlhF-mediated secretion of extracellular protein that hinders phage adsorption. This finding improves our understanding of the mechanisms by which <i>A. hydrophila</i> lowers the susceptibility to phage infection under predation pressure, and highlights an important contribution of bacterium-protozoan interactions in driving the adaptive evolution of pathogens in complex environments.
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate effects of vitamin A (VA) and vitamin K-3 (VK3) on immune function and intestinal antioxidant capacity of aged laying hens. In a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement, the diets of 1080 Roman Pink laying hens (87 weeks old) was formulated with deficient, adequate and excess VA and VK3, including 0, 7000 and 14000 IU/kg VA and 0, 2.0 and 4.0 mg/kg VK3 for 8 weeks. Interactive effects between VA and VK3 were observed that VA and VK3 decreased the splenetic mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), but increased the plasma immunoglobulin G (IgG) content and jejunal mRNA expression of nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2). Hens fed adequate or excess VA had higher spleen index, mRNA expression of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in spleen, sIgA content, catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase and total dismutase (T-SOD) activity, and mRNA expression of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in jejunum and lower mRNA expression of IL-1 beta in jejunum and iNOS, TNF-alpha in spleen. Furthermore, adequate or excess VK3 significantly increased plasma IgG content, the CAT, T-SOD and total antioxidant capacity activities, up-regulated the mRNA expression of pIgR, Nrf2, SOD1 and CAT in jejunum and down-regulated the mRNA expression of iNOS and TNF-alpha in spleen. In conclusion, dietary addition of adequate VA (7000 IU/kg) and VK3 (2.0 mg/kg) improved the immune function and intestine antioxidant capacity of aged laying hens and excess levels did not exhibit superior effects.
通讯机构：
[Yang, L ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Mech Engn, Wuhan 430048, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Brown rice;Rice milling;Starch granules;Tribological behavior
摘要：
Head rice grain has a high edible quality, while rice milling process produces lots of broken rice, mainly due to pressure and friction work. In this work, based on the structural properties of brown rice, a developed friction tester was used to analyze the tribological behavior of brown rice. Test results show that rice starch granules have a loose, polyhedral structure, which produce cracks easily and increases the abrasion of brown rice. Three kinds of brown rice show different fracture behaviors. Different friction behaviors appear with rice and milling iron kind, main rice wear mechanisms include fatigue damage, plastic deformation, adhesive wear and abrasive wear. It shows that the study provides a method to understand rice milling mechanism and has a positive influence on selection of materials and parameters for rice milling.
作者：
Zhang, Zheng Fan;Xi, Yu;Wang, Si Tian;Zheng, Li Yun;Qi, Ya;...
期刊：
Journal of Animal Science,2022年100(4) ISSN：1525-3163
通讯作者：
Bin Ying Ding
作者机构：
[Zhang, Zheng Fan; Xi, Yu; Wang, Si Tian; Zheng, Li Yun; Qi, Ya; Guo, Shuang Shuang; Ding, Bin Ying] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan 430023 , China
通讯机构：
[Bin Ying Ding] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University , Wuhan 430023 , China
摘要：
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) on growth performance, blood parameters, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal health in broilers challenged with aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). A total of 480 broilers aged 1 d were randomly allotted into four treatments: 1) CON, control diet; 2) AF, CON + 60 μg/kg AFB1 of feed during days 1 to 21, CON + 120 μg/kg AFB1 of feed during days 22 to 42; 3) TA1, AF + 250 mg/kg TA; and 4) TA2, AF + 500 mg/kg TA. Average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) were increased in the TA1 during days 1 to 21, days 22 to 42, and days 1 to 42 compared with CON and AF treatments (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the TA2 diet had greater ADG and ADFI than those fed the CON and AF diets during the finisher and the whole period (P < 0.05). Administration of TA decreased the relative weight of liver and kidney compared with broilers fed the AF diet on day 42 (P < 0.05). The blood activity of alanine transferase (ALT) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) was increased in the AF treatment compared with the CON (P < 0.05). Broilers fed the TA1 decreased the ALT content on day 21, and the level of ALT and GGT was decreased in the TA2 compared with the AF group on day 42 (P < 0.05). The activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in plasma, and the hepatic glutathione S-transferase (GST) was decreased in the AF group compared with the CON group (P < 0.05). The TA decreased plasma malondialdehyde concentration, and increased plasma T-SOD, GSH-Px, total antioxidant capacity, and hepatic GST activity compared with the AF (P < 0.05). The crypt depth of the jejunum was decreased in the TA1 treatment on day 21, and the villus height of the ileum was increased in the TA2 group on day 42 compared with the AF treatment (P < 0.05). The cecal Lactobacillus counts on day 21 were tended to increase in the TA treatments compared with the AF (P = 0.061). In conclusion, dietary inclusion of 250 and 500 mg/kg TA could improve the growth, antioxidant capacity, and partially protected the intestinal health of broilers challenged with AFB1.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is well known for its growth retardation, hepatotoxic, immunosuppressive, and other negative effects both in humans and poultry. Plant extracts such as tannic acid (TA) have been demonstrated as effective agents to control AFB1 contamination. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Chinese gallnut TA in preventing aflatoxicosis in broilers. Broilers received one of four treatments: CON, control diet; AF, control diet with AFB1; TA1, AF + 250 mg/kg TA; TA2, AF + 500 mg/kg TA. Although AF did not decrease the growth performance of broilers, 250 and 500 mg/kg TA had greater average daily gain and average daily feed intake than those in the CON and AF. The relative weight of liver and kidney, blood alanine transferase, and gamma-glutamyl transferase activity were increased, and the antioxidant status was depressed in chicks fed the AF diet compared with the CON group. Dietary supplementation with 250 and 500 mg/kg TA ameliorated all the above-mentioned negative effects of AFB1. Moreover, the crypt depth of the jejunum was decreased, and the villus height of the ileum was increased in TA treatments compared with the AF. Conclusively, Chinese gallnut TA could be considered as a potential natural agent for the prevention of AFB1-induced oxidative and intestinal damage of broilers.
通讯机构：
[Jing Zhang] L;Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different Selenium (Se) sources on growth performance, intestinal function and antioxidant status of weaned piglets. A total of 300 weaned pigs were randomly allocated to 5 treatment groups with 5 replicates of 12 pigs/pen. The control group was corn-soybean basal diet without any additional Se supplement. The experimental diets were supplemented with 0.3 mg/kg of Se from sodium selenite (SS), Se-enriched yeast (SEY), Se-enriched Cardamine violifolia (SEC) and 0.3+0.3 mg/kg of Se from SEY and SEC, respectively. The trial lasted for 4 weeks. The results showed that diets supplementation with SEY, SEC or SEY+SEC could improve average daily gain and reduce feed/gain ratio during the entire study. Compared with the control group, SEC or SEY+SEC improved intestinal morphology, indicated by greater villus height and villus height/ crypt depth ratio. In addition, SEC or SEY+SEC also increased maltase and lactase activities as well as tight junction protein expression. Different Se sources decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum. In the jejunum, SEY or SEC reduced MDA concentration and increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) compared with the control group. Moreover, SEY+SEC increased the antioxidant parameters including SOD and T-AOC in the jejunum. Dietary SEY or SEC supplementation significantly increased the mRNA expression of selenoproteins including thioredoxin reductase 1 (TXNRD1), selenoprotein I (SELENOI), selenoprotein S (SELENOS), and selenoprotein P (SELENOP) in the jejunum. In conclusion, organic Se sources, especially Cardamine violifolia, improve growth performance, potentially by regulating intestinal function, antioxidant capacity and selenoprotein expression in piglets.
