摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal glycerol monolaurate complex (GML) and antibiotic (acetylisovaleryltylosin tartrate, ATLL) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets. In total, 64 pregnant sows were randomly divided into control, antibiotic, 0.1% GML, and 0.2% GML groups. The GML shortened their delivery interval and farrowing duration. The ATLL increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in sows and piglets and enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglets, while reducing the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in sows. The GML tended to increase milk protein in the colostrum and decreased the TNF-α of sows at lactation. Meanwhile, 0.2% GML increased the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and interleukin-6 level in weaned piglets and decreased the TNF-α level in sows and weaned piglets. Furthermore, ATLL decreased the microbial diversity of sows, and GML tended to increase the microbial diversity of sows and piglets. The ATLL group had an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidota in weaned piglets. The GML decreased the relative abundance of Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales, Proteobacteria, and the harmful bacteria Romboutsia in sows. Compared with the ATLL group, the 0.2% GML reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in weaned piglets. Interestingly, both ATLL and GML supplementation decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria Peptostreptococcaceae in sows. Correlation analysis also found positive effects of ATLL and GML in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant aspects. In conclusion, GML enhanced reproductive and growth performance by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status and maintaining intestinal flora balance, making it a promising alternative to ATLL in future applications.
摘要：
The proportion of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in commercial pig feed is severely unbalanced. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios on growth performance and lipid metabolism of nursery pigs. A total of 240 nursery pigs (Duroc × Large White × Landrace) were fed diets with different n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios, including 10:1, 5:1, 3:1, and 1.5:1. Pigs fed diet with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 1.5:1 or 3:1 had optimum average daily gain and feed to gain ratio (P < 0.05). The levels of serum lipids including total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein and low density lipoprotein were the lowest in pigs fed diet with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 1.5:1 (P < 0.05). The concentrations of serum insulin, adiponectin and leptin were the highest in pigs fed diet with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 3:1 (P < 0.05).Pigs fed diet with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 3:1 had the highest abundance of genes associated with fatty acid absorption and transportation (FATP4, and PPARγ), synthesis and storage (FAS and GPAT) and degradation (ATGL, HSL, and MAGL) in intestine (P < 0.05). Pigs fed diet with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio of 1.5:1 had the lowest abundance of genes associated with fatty acid absorption (CD36 and FABP4), synthesis and storage (ACC, FAS, ACLY, PAP, AGPAT, and GPAT) and degradation (CPT1 and HSL) in gastrocnemius muscle (P < 0.05). The mRNA expression of genes associated with fatty acid metabolism (FATP2, FATP5, FABP1, FABP4, LPL, ACS, ACLY, AGPAT, GPAT, CPT1, ATGL, and MAGL) was up-regulated in liver and subcutaneous fat of pigs fed diet with n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios of 1.5:1-5:1 (P < 0.05). In summary, diets with lower n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios improve growth performance, reduce blood lipids, facilitate lipid metabolism in intestine, liver and subcutaneous fat, and inhibit fatty acid absorption, synthesis and storage in gastrocnemius muscle in pigs.
作者机构：
[Xiaohan Shi; Chi Zhang; Chunwei Wang; Aixia Zhu] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;[Haitao Yu] State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;[Jun Li] Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;[Jiaqi Zhang] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
通讯机构：
[Jun Li] I;Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
摘要：
Wheat germination dynamically transforms its physicochemical, structural, textural, and metabolic characteristics, presenting new prospects for functional food innovation. In this study, we systematically profiled time-resolved changes in wheat over a 96-hour germination period. Pronounced, time-dependent increases in crude and soluble protein contents were observed, with marked decreases in starch, bioavailable starch, and free sugars. Resistant starch slightly declined, while hydration and solubility indices of wheat flour increased sharply after 72 hours. Conversely, gluten hydration and dough viscoelasticity decreased, indicating a shift toward suitability for instant and health-oriented foods over traditional high-gluten products. Metabolomic profiling identified 76 key metabolites showing sustained changes at 48 and 96 hours. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of amino acid, lipid, and folate metabolism, and suppression of tryptophan metabolism and glycosaminoglycan degradation. Striking correlations were found between reduced starch fractions and diminished viscosity and texture, while increases in proteins, peptides, and small molecules (e.g., trigonelline) corresponded to enhanced hydration and antioxidant capacity. These findings elucidate the mechanistic links among metabolic pathways, signature metabolites, and wheat’s functional properties, demonstrating that germination drives coordinated compositional and metabolic remodeling to improve solubility, protein quality, and health benefits for development of nutritious, low-glycemic foods.
Wheat germination dynamically transforms its physicochemical, structural, textural, and metabolic characteristics, presenting new prospects for functional food innovation. In this study, we systematically profiled time-resolved changes in wheat over a 96-hour germination period. Pronounced, time-dependent increases in crude and soluble protein contents were observed, with marked decreases in starch, bioavailable starch, and free sugars. Resistant starch slightly declined, while hydration and solubility indices of wheat flour increased sharply after 72 hours. Conversely, gluten hydration and dough viscoelasticity decreased, indicating a shift toward suitability for instant and health-oriented foods over traditional high-gluten products. Metabolomic profiling identified 76 key metabolites showing sustained changes at 48 and 96 hours. Pathway analysis revealed upregulation of amino acid, lipid, and folate metabolism, and suppression of tryptophan metabolism and glycosaminoglycan degradation. Striking correlations were found between reduced starch fractions and diminished viscosity and texture, while increases in proteins, peptides, and small molecules (e.g., trigonelline) corresponded to enhanced hydration and antioxidant capacity. These findings elucidate the mechanistic links among metabolic pathways, signature metabolites, and wheat’s functional properties, demonstrating that germination drives coordinated compositional and metabolic remodeling to improve solubility, protein quality, and health benefits for development of nutritious, low-glycemic foods.
摘要：
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes severe intestinal damage, posing significant threats to the swine industry. Fucoidan (FUC), a biologically active compound, exhibits antiviral activity against multiple viruses. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of FUC on PEDV-induced intestinal injury in piglets and explore its underlying mechanisms. A total of 28 healthy crossbred piglets were randomly allocated into four experimental groups using a 2 × 2 factorial design: (1) a control group, (2) an FUC group, (3) a PEDV group, and (4) an FUC+PEDV group. From day 4 to day 10, the piglets in the FUC and FUC+PEDV groups were orally administered fucoidan at a dosage of 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) each day. On day 8, the piglets in the PEDV and FUC+PEDV groups were orally administered PEDV at a dose of 3 × 10(5.5) TCID(50). The results show that FUC supplementation significantly decreased plasma DAO activity (p < 0.05) and increased the villus height, villus area, as well as the villus height/crypt depth (p < 0.05) in the intestine when compared to the PEDV-infected piglets. This indicates that FUC could alleviate the disruption of intestinal morphology and function caused by PEDV infection. FUC enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the piglets by increasing SOD and GSH-Px activity. Transcriptional profiling combined with quantitative analysis revealed that FUC regulates immune responses, substance transport, and arginine metabolism. Notably, FUC downregulated arginase 1 expression, which may redirect arginine toward nitric oxide synthesis, thereby establishing an antiviral state in the host. These findings highlight the potential application of FUC as a natural agent for mitigating PEDV-induced intestinal damage and improving gut health. Additionally, monitoring the health status of piglets is necessary when FUC is applied in practical applications.
关键词：
Glässer’s disease;anti-inflammatory effects;antibiotic resistance;small interfering RNA;swine;traditional Chinese medicine
摘要：
Glaesserella parasuis (GPS) is a Gram-negative, pathogenic bacterium that colonizes the upper respiratory tract of piglets and causes Gl & auml;sser's disease with peritonitis under stress conditions. The mechanism underlying GPS-induced peritonitis in piglets remains unclear. Baicalin is one of the main active ingredients of Huangqin (Scutellaria baicalensis), which has a significant anti-inflammatory effect on inflammatory diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism by which baicalin alleviates GPS-induced peritonitis in piglets, specifically focusing on the role of the ADAM17/EGFR signaling axis. We investigated the effects of baicalin in vitro using porcine peritoneal mesothelial cells (PPMCs) and in vivo in GPS-infected piglets. Our results showed that baicalin reduced the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in PPMCs and the peritoneum of piglets after GPS infection. Concurrently, baicalin significantly reduced the upregulation of disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17), phosphorylated epidermal growth factor receptor (p-EGFR)/EGFR, and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK)/ERK induced by GPS infection in PPMCs and the peritoneum of piglets. Crucially, in vitro mechanistic investigations revealed that baicalin can significantly reduce the upregulation of ADAM17, p-EGFR/EGFR, p-ERK/ERK, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 induced by ADAM17 overexpression in PPMCs. Furthermore, ADAM17 small interfering RNA can significantly reduce the upregulation of ADAM17, p-EGFR/EGFR, p-ERK/ERK, TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 induced by GPS infection in PPMCs. These findings demonstrate that baicalin can inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 through the ADAM17/EGFR axis, and then alleviate the peritonitis caused by GPS in piglets. This provides a theoretical basis for developing novel non-antibiotic strategies, including phytochemical therapeutics and feed additives, for preventing and controlling GPS.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Glaesserella parasuis elicits severe inflammatory responses and vascular damage, thus resulting in high mortality and morbidity in pigs; consequently, early diagnosis and treatment are critical to controlling economic losses. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been demonstrated to be involved in vascular endothelial inflammation. Baicalin is an effective Chinese medicinal herb with anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant activity. Probenecid has activity toward multiple mammalian biological processes. Herein, we compared the effects of baicalin and probenecid on the miRNA expression profiles of porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells (PAVECs) infected with G. parasuis. RESULTS: We identified 277 known miRNAs and 540 novel miRNAs. Twelve miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed in PAVECs after G. parasuis infection. Both baicalin and probenecid affected the miRNA expression profiles in G. parasuis-infected PAVECs but showed different modulation patterns. Ssc-miR-27b-5p and ssc-miR-1842 were the top differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) in baicalin group comparing to control group. Ssc-miR-9851-3p and ssc-miR-1296-5p were the top DEmiRNAs in probenecid group. And Ssc-miR-127, ssc-miR-1842, and ssc-miR-9810-3p were the top DEmiRNAs between the baicalin group and probenecid group, as validated by qRT-PCR. The target genes of DEmiRNAs between various groups were subjected to KEGG and GO enrichment analyses. Hematopoietic cell lineage, insulin resistance, and AMPK signaling pathway were the top significantly enriched pathways associated with the target genes of DEmiRNAs in G. parasuis-infected PAVECs pretreated with baicalin; in contrast, B cell receptor, T cell receptor, and HIF-1 signaling pathways predominated in G. parasuis-infected PAVECs treated with probenecid. We additionally constructed co-expression and protein-protein interaction networks based on the differentially expressed target genes of miR-127, miR-1842, and miR-9810-3p. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that baicalin and probenecid regulated miRNAs associated with vascular inflammation and damage, but showed different modulation patterns. This report provided the first comparison of the effects of baicalin and probenecid on G. parasuis-infected PAVECs, and might aid in the development of novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets to control G. parasuis infection.
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE,2025年 ISSN：0021-8812
通讯作者：
Aixin Liang
作者机构：
[Sun, Peihao; Zhou, Ji; Gong, Yaqian; Li, Xiang; Yang, Liguo] Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China;Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming & Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China;[Ma, Xiaoya] Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, PR China;Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China;[Deng, Tingxian] Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China<&wdkj&>Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming & Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering , Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, PR China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology, Buffalo Research Institute , Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530001, PR China
通讯机构：
[Aixin Liang] K;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, PR China<&wdkj&>Frontiers Science Center for Animal Breeding and Sustainable Production (Huazhong Agricultural University), Ministry of Education , Wuhan 430070, China
摘要：
Identification of functional genes associated with milk production is essential for establishing effective breeding programs in dairy cattle. To date, the specific functional genes involved in milk production in dairy cows remain to be identified. In this study, we used public RNA-seq data from dairy cows and employed gene co-expression network analysis to identify ITGB1 as a potential candidate gene related to lactation. In vitro assays demonstrated that ITGB1 knockdown in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) inhibited cell proliferation, increased apoptosis, and reduced triglyceride levels. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed that ITGB1 knockdown resulted in differential expression of 503 genes, which were significantly enriched in the FoxO, IL-17, and HIF-1 signaling pathways. Moreover, ITGB1 knockdown caused a reduction in the phosphorylation of both AKT and FoxO1. Conversely, SC79-mediated activation of AKT promoted the phosphorylation and nuclear export of FoxO1, which in turn inhibited the expression of pro-apoptotic factors such as BIM and BAX, thereby attenuating the pro-apoptotic effects induced by ITGB1 knockdown in MAC-T cells. Our findings indicate that ITGB1 is a functional gene regulating milk production and a promising candidate gene for selective breeding in dairy cattle.
作者：
McLaughlin, Richard William;Wang, Yalu;Zhang, Shuya;Xie, HaiXia;Wan, XiaoLing;...
期刊：
ANTONIE VAN LEEUWENHOEK INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GENERAL AND MOLECULAR MICROBIOLOGY,2025年118(1):1-12 ISSN：0003-6072
通讯作者：
JinSong Zheng
作者机构：
[McLaughlin, Richard William; Wang, Yalu; Hao, Yujiang; Zheng, Jinsong; Wang, Chaoqun; Liu, Hui] Innovation Research Center for Aquatic Mammals;Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China;School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha, USA;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;[Xie, HaiXia; Zhang, Shuya] State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology
通讯机构：
[JinSong Zheng] I;Innovation Research Center for Aquatic Mammals;Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
摘要：
Proteus faecis is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium capable of swarming motility. It has been isolated from numerous sources such as humans, animals, and refuse and is considered potentially pathogenic towards humans. In this study, bacteria were isolated from the blowhole of a Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; YFP) living in captivity in China. One bacterium, P. faecis porpoise, was isolated and whole genome sequencing done. Biofilm formation, motility and antimicrobial resistance were also investigated. To find putative virulence factors, the genome of P. faecis strain porpoise was compared to the genomic sequences of eight other P. faecis isolates using the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) (
https://www.bv-brc.org/
). The goal of this study was to initially characterize the pathogenicity of this bacterium isolated from a cetacean species using both pathogenomics and conventional approaches.
摘要：
Sublancin, an S-linked antimicrobial (glycol) peptide produced by Bacillus subtilis, has emerged as a novel and promising veterinary drug due to its unique antibacterial mechanism, low risk of resistance, and properties that modulate the immune system, reduce inflammation, and promote gut health. This study comprehensively assessed the subchronic (90-day) and chronic (180-day) toxicity of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, following the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Agriculture of China. Rats were orally administered sublancin at doses of 2000, 10,000, or 50,000 mg/kg feed, representing 1666-5000 times the efficacious dose (1.0-1.2 mg/kg) reported in mice via the same administration route. Throughout this study, a wide range of physiological and behavioral parameters were monitored to access the toxicity of sublancin, including appetite, water intake, body weight gain, and organ weights. Hematological and biochemical analyses, as well as histopathological examinations of the major organs, were conducted at the end of each study period. The results indicated no adverse effects on any measured parameters at any dose level, with no significant differences observed between the sublancin-treated groups and the control group (p > 0.05). Notably, even the highest dose of 50,000 mg/kg did not induce growth inhibition or physiological dysfunction. A histopathological examination also revealed no tissue abnormalities in the major organs. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was determined to be 50,000 mg/kg for both study periods. These results demonstrate the long-term safety of sublancin in Sprague-Dawley rats, with no adverse effects during 180 days of oral administration at doses 1666-5000-fold the documented antimicrobially effective and immune-enhancing doses.
作者机构：
[Luo, Jia; Chen, Xingyu; Liu, Yao; Teame, Tsegay; Zhou, Qingwen; Zhou, Zhigang] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Feed Res, China Norway Joint Lab Fish Gut Microbiota, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Yalin; Ran, Chao; Zhang, Zhen; Liu, Shubin; Ding, Qianwen; Yao, Yuanyuan] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Feed Res Inst, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Inst Feed Res,Key Lab Feed Biotechnol, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;[Teame, Tsegay] Tigray Agr Res Inst, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.;[Luo, Jia; Liu, Yao; Zhou, Qingwen] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Zhen] Univ British Columbia, Fac Land & Food Syst, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
通讯机构：
[Zhou, ZG ; Zhang, Z ] C;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Inst Feed Res, China Norway Joint Lab Fish Gut Microbiota, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Feed Res Inst, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Inst Feed Res,Key Lab Feed Biotechnol, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Bacillus velezensis;Intestinal microbiota;Solid state fermentation product;Gut and liver health
摘要：
Nowadays, the fermented products of probiotics have been playing a significant role in aquaculture and become an emerging research interest. This study evaluated the 0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 g/kg solid state fermentation product of Bacillus velezensis T23 supplemented diets (39 % crude protein and 10 % crude fat) on the growth, lipid metabolism, liver and intestinal health, and gut microbiota of Cyprinus carpio (2.51 +/- 0.01 g) by physiobiochemical, histomorphological and gut microbiome methods. The results showed that in the 0.4 T23 group, the weight gain was significantly increased (p p < 0.05), compared to the control. . In the 0.3 and 0.4 T23 groups, the expressions of lipogenesis-related genes (fas, fas , acc, srebp and ppar gamma) were significantly down-regulated, while the expressions of lipolysis-related ( ppar alpha, lpl, , fabp1 and apo-po) ) genes were up-regulated. Furthermore, the levels of serum ALT and AST were decreased notably (p p < 0.05), whereas T-AOC and SOD activity were increased significantly in the 0.3 and 0.4 T23 groups, compared with the control. Pro-inflammatory genes ( nf-kb , tnf-alpha, and il-1 beta) ) were downregulated in 0.3 and 0.4 T23 groups (p p < 0.05). Anti-inflammatory related genes ( il-10 and tgf-beta) ) were upregulated in 0.3 T23 groups. This result had been supported by liver histomorphology that T23 diets had decreased the levels of liver health biomarkers and intestinal injury and improve the hepatic antioxidant capacity. Dietary supplementation of T23 at a level of 0.3 g/kg increased alpha-diversity- diversity and the relative abundance of Fusobacteriota (phylum) and Cetobacterium (genus). The ratio of "(Fusobacteriota+Firmicutes+Bacteroidota)/ +Firmicutes +Bacteroidota)/ Proteobacteria" in 0.3 and 0.4 T23 groups was significantly increased, compared with the control group. Hence, this study clarified that the addition of solid state fermentation product of B. velezensis T23 to the diet (0.3 and 0.4 g/kg) of common carp improves inflammatory response, liver and gut health, and modulates the intestinal microbiota of carp positively.
摘要：
Glaesserella parasuis (G. parasuis) causes Glässer's disease and systemic inflammatory responses in the host. The currently available therapies have limited efficacy and fail to achieve a balance between anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid on blood biochemical parameters, routine blood indicators, survival rate, bacterial burden, and pathological tissue damage in G. parasuis-challenged mice. Treatment with baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid significantly modified the blood biochemical parameters and routine blood test indicators, increased the survival rate, attenuated the bacterial burden, and alleviated pathological tissue damage in G. parasuis-challenged mice. Treatment with baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid also increased the number of CD3(+), CD3(+)CD4(+), and CD3(+)CD8(+) T cells as measured by flow cytometry, and restored the intensity of the CD3, CD4, and CD8 protein expression in the blood vessels of G. parasuis-challenged mice by immunohistochemistry. These compounds reduced interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-18, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) expression in the spleen of G. parasuis-challenged mice. Furthermore, baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid inhibited activation of the family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and apoptosis in the spleen of G. parasuis-challenged mice. This study showed the important roles of baicalin, amoxicillin, and probenecid in the modulation of the inflammatory response of Glässer's disease. The findings might provide new strategies for combination therapy using antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs to control G. parasuis infection.
摘要：
Simple Summary: Intestinal health is related to the healthy and efficient breeding of piglets, which needs to be focused on in the post-antibiotic era. Microecological agents play an important role in improving the intestinal health of piglets; however, many of the mechanisms have not been characterized. In the present study, we present an updated report of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on the growth performance, intestinal flora structure and plasma metabolome of weaned piglets. Our outcomes demonstrate that Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics improve the antioxidant function and reduce the mortality of piglets by regulating the structure of intestinal flora and upregulating the content of coenzyme Q10 in serum. Our findings provide an important theoretical basis for the application of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics in piglet production and provide new data for the healthy and efficient breeding of piglets. Probiotics and their postbiotics have the potential to improve the health and growth performance of piglets, which has brought them widespread attention in the post-antibiotic era. In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on the growth performance, intestinal flora structure and plasma metabolome of weaned piglets were investigated. A total of 816 healthy male piglets with uniform weight were divided into two treatment groups: piglets in the control (CTR) group were fed with a basic diet, and the ones in the LAC group were fed with the basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics. There were six replicates in each group and 68 piglets in each replicate. The animal trial lasted for 30 days. The feces and blood of piglets were collected for investigation, and the growth performance during the trial was counted. Our outcomes show that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics had no effect on the growth performance of piglets; however, it reduced the mortality rate of piglets by 6.37%. The levels of total superoxide dismutase in the serum, propionic acid and butyric acid in the feces were elevated, and the content of malondialdehyde in the serum was decreased with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics-treated piglets (p < 0.05). The fecal flora sequencing results show that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and monoglobus was upregulated, and the relative abundance of Bacteroides was downregulated with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics-treated piglets (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of propionic acid and butyric acid in the feces were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes and negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacteroides (p < 0.05). The plasma metabolome results show that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics raised the level of coenzyme Q10 in the serum, and the abundance of coenzyme Q10 was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the level of total superoxide dismutase in the serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics contributed to improving the antioxidant function and reducing the mortality of piglets by regulating the structure of intestinal flora and upregulating the content of coenzyme Q10 in serum.
摘要：
Background: Subcutaneous fat deposition is associated with ducks' meat quality and the methods used to cook them. However, the reasons underlying the differences in the lipid deposition of small-sized Wuqin10 meat ducks remain unclear. Method: In the present study, to elucidate the metabolic mechanisms of lipid deposition, we comprehensively analyzed the transcriptomics and lipidomics of subcutaneous fat in Wuqin10 meat ducks with different subcutaneous thicknesses with six replicates. Results: A total of 1120 lipids were detected in the lipidomic analysis, and 39 lipids were inexorably regulated in the ducks with the thick subcutaneous layer compared to those with the thin layer; further, the up-regulated lipids were primarily triglycerides (TGs), which may have resulted in adipocyte enlargement. Furthermore, the transcriptomic analysis identified 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 119 down-regulated and 146 up-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the histidine, arginine, proline metabolism signaling and adipocytokine signaling pathways. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network in Cytoscape 3.8.2 identified hub genes HSP90AA1, RUNX2, ACTN2, ACTA1, IL10, CXCR4, EGF, SOCS3 and PTK2, which were associated with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and regulation of adipocyte hypertrophy. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings reveal the patterns of lipids and the gene expression of subcutaneous fat, providing a basis for future studies of subcutaneous fat deposition in small-sized meat ducks.
作者机构：
[Liu, Yulan; Wang, Dan; Li, Shunkang; Wu, Nianbang; He, Wensheng; Kuang, Yanling; Zhu, Huiling] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China;[Gao, Qingyu; Cong, Xin] Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Enshi, China;[Liu, Liping] Beijng Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China;[Cheng, Shuiyuan] National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
通讯机构：
[Xin Cong] E;[Dan Wang] H;Enshi Se-Run Material Engineering Technology Co., Ltd., Enshi, China<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Cardamine violifolia on muscle protein degradation, the inflammatory response and antioxidant function in weaned piglets following LPS challenge. Twenty-four weaned piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with dietary treatment (sodium selenite or Cardamine violifolia) and LPS challenge. After 28 days of feeding, pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg LPS or saline. Dietary supplementation with Cardamine violifolia mitigated the reduction in insulin and growth hormone levels induced by LPS. It also curbed the LPS-induced elevation of plasma glucagon, urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations. Cardamine violifolia reduced muscle damage caused by LPS, as evidenced by increased protein content and protein/DNA ratio and decreased TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression. Furthermore, Cardamine violifolia modulated the expression of FOXO1, FOXO4, and MuRF1 in muscle, indicative of the protective effect against muscle protein degradation. Enhanced muscle antioxidant function was observed in the form of increased T-AOC, reduced MDA concentration, and decreased mRNA expression of GPX3, DIO3, TXNRD1, SELENOS, SELENOI, SELENOO, and SEPHS2 in LPS-treated piglets. The findings suggest that Cardamine violifolia supplementation can effectively alleviate muscle protein degradation induced by LPS and enhance the antioxidant capacity in piglets.
期刊：
European Journal of Pharmacology,2025年1001:177750 ISSN：0014-2999
通讯作者：
Wang, X;Anadón, A
作者机构：
[Guo, Pu; Lu, Qirong] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xu; Guo, Pu; Ye, Xiaochun; Lu, Qirong] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xu; Guo, Pu; Ye, Xiaochun; Lu, Qirong] Huazhong Agr Univ, MAO Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xu; Guo, Pu; Ye, Xiaochun; Lu, Qirong] Huazhong Agr Univ, MAO Lab Risk Assessment Qual & Safety Livestock &, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Lopez-Torres, Bernardo; Wang, Xu; Martinez, Marta; Anadon, Arturo; Martinez, Maria-Aranzazu; Ares, Irma; Martinez-Larranaga, Maria-Rosa] Univ Complutense Madrid UCM, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Fac Vet Med, Madrid, Spain.
通讯机构：
[Anadón, A ] U;[Wang, X ] N;Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;MAO Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Madrid 28040, Spain.
关键词：
Chemical agents;Natural products;Neurological disorders;Nucleic acids;PGC-1α;Peptides;Protein
摘要：
Neurological disorders are catastrophic and challenging conditions that affect central nervous system. They constitute a major health problem worldwide and place a huge economic burden on society and individuals. Extensive evidence has shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) is an essential macromolecule that could be targeted to ameliorate the pathology of neurological disorders. This review is the first to summarize studies that have used therapeutics targeted to influence PGC-1α transcription and/or protein abundance/stability to treat neurological diseases. Moreover, the therapeutic target role of PGC-1α has been clarified in neurological disorders from the potential therapeutic agent that targets PGC-1α, for example, chemical agents, proteins and peptides, nucleic acids, and natural extracts. The scientific evidence summarized in this review demonstrates that targeting PGC-1α is an effective strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Moreover, PGC-1α could be used as a target to screen or discover new safe and effective natural products, chemical compounds, nucleic acids, or proteins for treating neurological disorders. This review provides new insights that targeting PGC-1α is an efficient strategy for the therapy of neurological disorders and providing key protein target for developing and screening new, safe, and effective PGC-1α agonists against neurological disorders.
Neurological disorders are catastrophic and challenging conditions that affect central nervous system. They constitute a major health problem worldwide and place a huge economic burden on society and individuals. Extensive evidence has shown that peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) is an essential macromolecule that could be targeted to ameliorate the pathology of neurological disorders. This review is the first to summarize studies that have used therapeutics targeted to influence PGC-1α transcription and/or protein abundance/stability to treat neurological diseases. Moreover, the therapeutic target role of PGC-1α has been clarified in neurological disorders from the potential therapeutic agent that targets PGC-1α, for example, chemical agents, proteins and peptides, nucleic acids, and natural extracts. The scientific evidence summarized in this review demonstrates that targeting PGC-1α is an effective strategy for the treatment of neurological disorders. Moreover, PGC-1α could be used as a target to screen or discover new safe and effective natural products, chemical compounds, nucleic acids, or proteins for treating neurological disorders. This review provides new insights that targeting PGC-1α is an efficient strategy for the therapy of neurological disorders and providing key protein target for developing and screening new, safe, and effective PGC-1α agonists against neurological disorders.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is responsible for piglet diarrhea and causes substantial economic loss in the pig industry. Along with the restriction of antibiotics, natural compounds targeting bacterial virulence factors are supposed to be efficacious and attractive alternatives for controlling ETEC infection. This study aimed to investigate the influence of dihydromyricetin (DMY), a natural flavonoid compound, on the expression of virulence factors of ETEC and intestinal inflammatory injury. RESULTS: DMY interfered with the quorum sensing (QS) of ETEC K88 since it decreased AI-2 secretion and downregulated the expression of LuxS and Pfs, which dominate AI-2 production, and decreased the expression mRNA level of genes (lsrA, lsrB, lsrC, lsrD, lsrK, and lsrR) that are involved in AI-2 internalization and signal transduction. Additionally, DMY markedly dampened the expression of QS-related virulence genes (elt-1, estB, fliC, faeG), biofilm formation, cell adhesion, and stress tolerance of ETEC K88. Furthermore, DMY treatment applied to the ETEC K88 infection in mice model resulted in decreased amount of heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins, reduced production of cAMP and cGMP, downregulated protein level of CFTR and upregulated expression of NHE3 in the ileum. In addition, the mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and histological damage in the ileum were significantly decreased by DMY treatment. CONCLUSIONS: DMY can inhibit the AI-2 QS and virulence factor expression, thereby attenuating the virulence of ETEC and alleviating intestinal inflammatory damage in ETEC K88-challenged mice. This study indicated that DMY has the potential to be a promising antivirulence agent for combating ETEC infection.
摘要：
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different grinding sieve openings (SO), conditioning temperatures (CTP), and conditioning times (CTM) on feed processing performance, growth performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed a diet in which 50 % of corn was replaced with aged paddy rice. A total of 960 white-feathered broiler chickens were randomly divided into 8 groups, with the experiment designed to test 2 SO sizes (2.0 mm and 2.5 mm), 2 CTPs (75 °C and 85 °C), and 2 CTMs (90 s and 180 s). The results showed that the 2.0 mm SO and 180 s CTM significantly improved pellet hardness and the pellet durability index (PDI) ( P < 0.05). During the early stages of the experiment, when the broilers digestive systems were not fully developed, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P < 0.001), while 75 °C CTP significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) at day 21 ( P < 0.05). Additionally, 75 °C CTP significantly reduced the cecum organ weight ratio ( P < 0.05). In terms of meat quality, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 48 h and 72 h ( P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while a 90 s CTM significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 24 h ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the combination of 2.5 mm SO and 90 s CTM significantly increased serum urea nitrogen (BUN) levels ( P < 0.05). Considering the optimization of both growth performance and meat quality, the combination of 2.5 mm SO, 75 °C CTP, and 90 s CTM is recommended for optimizing aged paddy rice feed processing and enhancing broiler growth performance and meat quality.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different grinding sieve openings (SO), conditioning temperatures (CTP), and conditioning times (CTM) on feed processing performance, growth performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed a diet in which 50 % of corn was replaced with aged paddy rice. A total of 960 white-feathered broiler chickens were randomly divided into 8 groups, with the experiment designed to test 2 SO sizes (2.0 mm and 2.5 mm), 2 CTPs (75 °C and 85 °C), and 2 CTMs (90 s and 180 s). The results showed that the 2.0 mm SO and 180 s CTM significantly improved pellet hardness and the pellet durability index (PDI) ( P < 0.05). During the early stages of the experiment, when the broilers digestive systems were not fully developed, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P < 0.001), while 75 °C CTP significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) at day 21 ( P < 0.05). Additionally, 75 °C CTP significantly reduced the cecum organ weight ratio ( P < 0.05). In terms of meat quality, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 48 h and 72 h ( P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while a 90 s CTM significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 24 h ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the combination of 2.5 mm SO and 90 s CTM significantly increased serum urea nitrogen (BUN) levels ( P < 0.05). Considering the optimization of both growth performance and meat quality, the combination of 2.5 mm SO, 75 °C CTP, and 90 s CTM is recommended for optimizing aged paddy rice feed processing and enhancing broiler growth performance and meat quality.
通讯机构：
[Yi, D ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Engn Res Ctr Feed Prot Resources Agr By Prod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Phloretin;Broilers;Necrotic enteritis;Growth performance;Intestinal health
摘要：
The present study aimed to explore the effects of dietary phloretin (PT) on growth performance, immune response, and intestinal function in broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) . A total of 288 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were assigned to 3 groups, with 8 replicates per group and 12 chicks per replicate. Over 6 weeks, birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg phloretin. Birds in the challenged groups were inoculated with coccildia during d 7 to 9 and Clostridium perfringens (CP) during d 14 to 18. Results showed that CP and coccidia challenge reduced the average daily gain and average daily feed intake, increased the feed conversion ratio of broilers, induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and inhibited mRNA expression levels for genes associated with intestinal barrier and nutrient transporters ( P < 0.05). PT addition to the feed improved growth performance at early phase improved intestinal morphology, and elevated antioxidant capacity via increasing the activity of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase in the ileum in broilers with necrotic enteritis ( P < 0.01). Dietary PT regulated the intesetinal immune function as observed by the increases in the content of secretory IgA in the ileum and decreased cytokines (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-10) ( P < 0.05). Moreover, NE infection significantly disrupted the balance of intestinal flora, and led to a lower level of short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid concentration in the ileum, while PT improved the microbiota structure, and increased the intestinal acetic acid and butyric acid concentration ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, metabolomics analysis indicated PT treatment improve plant secondary metabolites contents like phloretin 2′-o-glucuronide. Additionally, we observed a significant positive correlation among PT, Ligilactobacillus and butyric acid, and a positive correlation between Ligilactobacillus and plant secondary metabolites. Overall, PT supplementation could improve growth performance and ameliorate intestinal injury in broilers with necrotic enteritis by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and immune function, regulating intestinal flora structure and producing plant secondary metabolites.
The present study aimed to explore the effects of dietary phloretin (PT) on growth performance, immune response, and intestinal function in broilers with necrotic enteritis (NE) . A total of 288 1-day-old Arbor Acres chicks were assigned to 3 groups, with 8 replicates per group and 12 chicks per replicate. Over 6 weeks, birds were fed a basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg phloretin. Birds in the challenged groups were inoculated with coccildia during d 7 to 9 and Clostridium perfringens (CP) during d 14 to 18. Results showed that CP and coccidia challenge reduced the average daily gain and average daily feed intake, increased the feed conversion ratio of broilers, induced inflammation and oxidative stress, and inhibited mRNA expression levels for genes associated with intestinal barrier and nutrient transporters ( P < 0.05). PT addition to the feed improved growth performance at early phase improved intestinal morphology, and elevated antioxidant capacity via increasing the activity of total antioxidant capacity and superoxide dismutase in the ileum in broilers with necrotic enteritis ( P < 0.01). Dietary PT regulated the intesetinal immune function as observed by the increases in the content of secretory IgA in the ileum and decreased cytokines (Interleukin-1β, Interleukin-10) ( P < 0.05). Moreover, NE infection significantly disrupted the balance of intestinal flora, and led to a lower level of short-chain fatty acids such as butyric acid concentration in the ileum, while PT improved the microbiota structure, and increased the intestinal acetic acid and butyric acid concentration ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, metabolomics analysis indicated PT treatment improve plant secondary metabolites contents like phloretin 2′-o-glucuronide. Additionally, we observed a significant positive correlation among PT, Ligilactobacillus and butyric acid, and a positive correlation between Ligilactobacillus and plant secondary metabolites. Overall, PT supplementation could improve growth performance and ameliorate intestinal injury in broilers with necrotic enteritis by enhancing the antioxidant capacity and immune function, regulating intestinal flora structure and producing plant secondary metabolites.
