摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the effects of maternal glycerol monolaurate complex (GML) and antibiotic (acetylisovaleryltylosin tartrate, ATLL) supplementation during late gestation and lactation on the reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of piglets. In total, 64 pregnant sows were randomly divided into control, antibiotic, 0.1% GML, and 0.2% GML groups. The GML shortened their delivery interval and farrowing duration. The ATLL increased the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in sows and piglets and enhanced glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglets, while reducing the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level in sows. The GML tended to increase milk protein in the colostrum and decreased the TNF-α of sows at lactation. Meanwhile, 0.2% GML increased the serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activity and interleukin-6 level in weaned piglets and decreased the TNF-α level in sows and weaned piglets. Furthermore, ATLL decreased the microbial diversity of sows, and GML tended to increase the microbial diversity of sows and piglets. The ATLL group had an increased relative abundance of Bacteroidota in weaned piglets. The GML decreased the relative abundance of Peptostreptococcales-Tissierellales, Proteobacteria, and the harmful bacteria Romboutsia in sows. Compared with the ATLL group, the 0.2% GML reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in weaned piglets. Interestingly, both ATLL and GML supplementation decreased the relative abundance of harmful bacteria Peptostreptococcaceae in sows. Correlation analysis also found positive effects of ATLL and GML in anti-inflammatory and antioxidant aspects. In conclusion, GML enhanced reproductive and growth performance by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status and maintaining intestinal flora balance, making it a promising alternative to ATLL in future applications.
摘要：
Simple Summary: Intestinal health is related to the healthy and efficient breeding of piglets, which needs to be focused on in the post-antibiotic era. Microecological agents play an important role in improving the intestinal health of piglets; however, many of the mechanisms have not been characterized. In the present study, we present an updated report of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on the growth performance, intestinal flora structure and plasma metabolome of weaned piglets. Our outcomes demonstrate that Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics improve the antioxidant function and reduce the mortality of piglets by regulating the structure of intestinal flora and upregulating the content of coenzyme Q10 in serum. Our findings provide an important theoretical basis for the application of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics in piglet production and provide new data for the healthy and efficient breeding of piglets. Probiotics and their postbiotics have the potential to improve the health and growth performance of piglets, which has brought them widespread attention in the post-antibiotic era. In the present study, the effects of dietary supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics on the growth performance, intestinal flora structure and plasma metabolome of weaned piglets were investigated. A total of 816 healthy male piglets with uniform weight were divided into two treatment groups: piglets in the control (CTR) group were fed with a basic diet, and the ones in the LAC group were fed with the basic diet supplemented with 500 mg/kg Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics. There were six replicates in each group and 68 piglets in each replicate. The animal trial lasted for 30 days. The feces and blood of piglets were collected for investigation, and the growth performance during the trial was counted. Our outcomes show that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics had no effect on the growth performance of piglets; however, it reduced the mortality rate of piglets by 6.37%. The levels of total superoxide dismutase in the serum, propionic acid and butyric acid in the feces were elevated, and the content of malondialdehyde in the serum was decreased with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics-treated piglets (p < 0.05). The fecal flora sequencing results show that the relative abundance of Firmicutes and monoglobus was upregulated, and the relative abundance of Bacteroides was downregulated with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics-treated piglets (p < 0.05). In addition, the levels of propionic acid and butyric acid in the feces were positively correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes and negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Bacteroides (p < 0.05). The plasma metabolome results show that dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics raised the level of coenzyme Q10 in the serum, and the abundance of coenzyme Q10 was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Firmicutes and the level of total superoxide dismutase in the serum. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus reuteri postbiotics contributed to improving the antioxidant function and reducing the mortality of piglets by regulating the structure of intestinal flora and upregulating the content of coenzyme Q10 in serum.
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the impact of Cardamine violifolia on muscle protein degradation, the inflammatory response and antioxidant function in weaned piglets following LPS challenge. Twenty-four weaned piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with dietary treatment (sodium selenite or Cardamine violifolia) and LPS challenge. After 28 days of feeding, pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg LPS or saline. Dietary supplementation with Cardamine violifolia mitigated the reduction in insulin and growth hormone levels induced by LPS. It also curbed the LPS-induced elevation of plasma glucagon, urea nitrogen, and creatinine concentrations. Cardamine violifolia reduced muscle damage caused by LPS, as evidenced by increased protein content and protein/DNA ratio and decreased TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA expression. Furthermore, Cardamine violifolia modulated the expression of FOXO1, FOXO4, and MuRF1 in muscle, indicative of the protective effect against muscle protein degradation. Enhanced muscle antioxidant function was observed in the form of increased T-AOC, reduced MDA concentration, and decreased mRNA expression of GPX3, DIO3, TXNRD1, SELENOS, SELENOI, SELENOO, and SEPHS2 in LPS-treated piglets. The findings suggest that Cardamine violifolia supplementation can effectively alleviate muscle protein degradation induced by LPS and enhance the antioxidant capacity in piglets.
作者：
Richard William McLaughlin;YaLu Wang;ShuYa Zhang;HaiXia Xie;XiaoLing Wan;...
期刊：
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek,2025年118(1):1-12 ISSN：0003-6072
通讯作者：
JinSong Zheng
作者机构：
[Richard William McLaughlin; YaLu Wang; YuJiang Hao; JinSong Zheng; ChaoQun Wang; Hui Liu] Innovation Research Center for Aquatic Mammals;Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China;School of Liberal Arts & Sciences, Gateway Technical College, Kenosha, USA;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;[HaiXia Xie; ShuYa Zhang] State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology
通讯机构：
[JinSong Zheng] I;Innovation Research Center for Aquatic Mammals;Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
摘要：
Proteus faecis is a gram-negative facultative anaerobic rod-shaped bacterium capable of swarming motility. It has been isolated from numerous sources such as humans, animals, and refuse and is considered potentially pathogenic towards humans. In this study, bacteria were isolated from the blowhole of a Yangtze finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis; YFP) living in captivity in China. One bacterium, P. faecis porpoise, was isolated and whole genome sequencing done. Biofilm formation, motility and antimicrobial resistance were also investigated. To find putative virulence factors, the genome of P. faecis strain porpoise was compared to the genomic sequences of eight other P. faecis isolates using the Bacterial and Viral Bioinformatics Resource Center (BV-BRC) (
https://www.bv-brc.org/
). The goal of this study was to initially characterize the pathogenicity of this bacterium isolated from a cetacean species using both pathogenomics and conventional approaches.
作者机构：
[Xingyu Chen] China-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;[Shubin Liu; Qianwen Ding; Yuanyuan Yao; Yalin Yang; Chao Ran] Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;Tigray Agricultural Research Institute, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia;School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
通讯机构：
[Zhen Zhang] K;Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China<&wdkj&>Faculty of Land and Food Systems, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
摘要：
The poor intestinal health induced by management, stress or infection remains a substantial challenge restricting the rapid development of the pig industry. Some natural plant bioactive components (NPBCs) have garnered considerable interest owing to their multifarious benefits, including enhancing intestinal morphology, digestion and absorption, barrier function, immune function, and regulating the gut microbiota. However, there are critical factors, such as the lack of standardized production technologies, lower stability and bioavailability, and unclear mechanisms of NPBCs, severely limiting their feeding efficacy and the application on animal production. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of the recent advances regarding the impacts of NPBCs on pig gut health. Additionally, we highlighted the key areas that warrant further in-depth investigation. Taken together, NPBCs could be green, safety, and effective feed additive by constructively overcoming their limitations, and they are expected to have broader applications in animal husbandry.
The poor intestinal health induced by management, stress or infection remains a substantial challenge restricting the rapid development of the pig industry. Some natural plant bioactive components (NPBCs) have garnered considerable interest owing to their multifarious benefits, including enhancing intestinal morphology, digestion and absorption, barrier function, immune function, and regulating the gut microbiota. However, there are critical factors, such as the lack of standardized production technologies, lower stability and bioavailability, and unclear mechanisms of NPBCs, severely limiting their feeding efficacy and the application on animal production. Here, we conducted a comprehensive review of the recent advances regarding the impacts of NPBCs on pig gut health. Additionally, we highlighted the key areas that warrant further in-depth investigation. Taken together, NPBCs could be green, safety, and effective feed additive by constructively overcoming their limitations, and they are expected to have broader applications in animal husbandry.
摘要：
INTRODUCTION: The poultry industry constantly seeks strategies to enhance broiler growth performance and overall health. Organic acidifiers, including L-lactic acid, L-malic acid, and acetic acid, have gained attention as potential feed additives to improve animal production by modulating gut health, enhancing nutrient absorption, and supporting immune function. Despite their promising effects in other animal species, the impact of this novel compound organic acidifier on broiler performance, metabolism, and immune response has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the effects of this compound acidifier on growth performance, serum lipid profile, antioxidant status, and immune parameters in broilers, providing insights into its potential benefits as a dietary supplement for broiler health and productivity. METHODS: A total of 240 broilers were randomly divided into four groups: a control group and three treatment groups receiving 0.25%, 0.5%, or 1.0% acidifier, with six replicates of ten birds each. Over a 6-week period, various parameters were measured, including serum triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, lysozyme, immunoglobulins (IgA, IgM), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, IL-2, TNF-α, and gene expressions related to lipid metabolism. RESULTS: Over a 6-week period, the acidifier decreased serum triglycerides and high-density lipoproteins while also enhancing growth performance. Additionally, it raised the serum levels of lysozyme, IgA, IgM, and the SOD. Additionally, IL-2 and TNF-α concentrations in the jejunum mucosa decreased. The acidifier upregulated PPARα, AMPK, FABP1 and MTTP expressions, and downregulated APOB100. Overall, the acidifier effectively improved broiler growth performance during the early development phase primarily by enhancing hepatic lipid metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and immune function. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the acidifier may accelerate liver lipid metabolism in broilers by modulating the gene expression profiles involved in lipid metabolism.
关键词：
Oxidized fish oil;Nile tilapia;Myofiber;Lipidomics;Proteomics
摘要：
To investigate the effect of oxidized fish oil on fish muscle metabolic responses and flesh quality, Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) weighing 13.73 ± 0.31 g were fed two diets for 12 weeks: a fresh fish oil (FFO) and a highly oxidized fish oil (OFO) diet. The peroxide value of the FFO and OFO diets was 2.2 meq/kg and 120.6 meq/kg, respectively. The OFO diet resulted in a decrease in growth, muscularity, nutritional value of fatty acids in the muscle, and density of myofibers. In the OFO group, the mRNA expression levels of lipolysis genes including lipoprotein lipase ( lpl ) and hormone-sensitive lipase ( hsl ) in the muscle were upregulated compared with the FFO group, while, the mRNA expression level of acetyl CoA carboxylase was downregulated. Additionally, under the positive ion mode, the levels of DHA deposition in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were reduced in the muscle of the OFO group compared to the FFO group. A total of 68 proteins were identified in the muscle, of which 42 were up-regulated and 26 were down-regulated. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the major pathways of the differentially abundant proteins were the Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and proteoglycans in cancer. In summary, the OFO diet negatively affected growth, muscularity, and nutritional value. It also inhibited the transformation of myofiber types and led to the apoptosis of myofibers.
To investigate the effect of oxidized fish oil on fish muscle metabolic responses and flesh quality, Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) weighing 13.73 ± 0.31 g were fed two diets for 12 weeks: a fresh fish oil (FFO) and a highly oxidized fish oil (OFO) diet. The peroxide value of the FFO and OFO diets was 2.2 meq/kg and 120.6 meq/kg, respectively. The OFO diet resulted in a decrease in growth, muscularity, nutritional value of fatty acids in the muscle, and density of myofibers. In the OFO group, the mRNA expression levels of lipolysis genes including lipoprotein lipase ( lpl ) and hormone-sensitive lipase ( hsl ) in the muscle were upregulated compared with the FFO group, while, the mRNA expression level of acetyl CoA carboxylase was downregulated. Additionally, under the positive ion mode, the levels of DHA deposition in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidyl ethanolamine were reduced in the muscle of the OFO group compared to the FFO group. A total of 68 proteins were identified in the muscle, of which 42 were up-regulated and 26 were down-regulated. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the major pathways of the differentially abundant proteins were the Wnt signaling pathway, TGF-beta signaling pathway, and proteoglycans in cancer. In summary, the OFO diet negatively affected growth, muscularity, and nutritional value. It also inhibited the transformation of myofiber types and led to the apoptosis of myofibers.
作者：
Jie Yang*;Yue Shi;Xing Li;Junguo Li;Xiaohan Shi;...
期刊：
Poultry Science,2025年:105019 ISSN：0032-5791
通讯作者：
Jie Yang
作者机构：
[Jie Yang; Yue Shi; Xing Li; Junguo Li] Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;[Xiaohan Shi; Chi Zhang; Manqi Wang] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;[Yuchang Qin] Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China;[Jiaqi Zhang] Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
通讯机构：
[Jie Yang] I;Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
摘要：
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different grinding sieve openings (SO), conditioning temperatures (CTP), and conditioning times (CTM) on feed processing performance, growth performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed a diet in which 50% of corn was replaced with aged paddy rice. A total of 960 white-feathered broiler chickens were randomly divided into 8 groups, with the experiment designed to test 2 SO sizes (2.0 mm and 2.5 mm), 2 CTPs (75°C and 85°C), and 2 CTMs (90 s and 180 s). The results showed that the 2.0 mm SO and 180 s CTM significantly improved pellet hardness and the pellet durability index (PDI) ( P < 0.05). During the early stages of the experiment, when the broilers digestive systems were not fully developed, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P < 0.001), while 75°C CTP significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) at day 21 ( P < 0.05). Additionally, 75°C CTP significantly reduced the cecum organ weight ratio ( P < 0.05). In terms of meat quality, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 48 h and 72 h ( P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while a 90 s CTM significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 24 h ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the combination of 2.5 mm SO and 90 s CTM significantly increased serum urea nitrogen (BUN) levels ( P < 0.05). Considering the optimization of both growth performance and meat quality, the combination of 2.5 mm SO, 75°C CTP, and 90 s CTM is recommended for optimizing aged paddy rice feed processing and enhancing broiler growth performance and meat quality.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different grinding sieve openings (SO), conditioning temperatures (CTP), and conditioning times (CTM) on feed processing performance, growth performance, meat quality, and serum biochemical indices of broiler chickens fed a diet in which 50% of corn was replaced with aged paddy rice. A total of 960 white-feathered broiler chickens were randomly divided into 8 groups, with the experiment designed to test 2 SO sizes (2.0 mm and 2.5 mm), 2 CTPs (75°C and 85°C), and 2 CTMs (90 s and 180 s). The results showed that the 2.0 mm SO and 180 s CTM significantly improved pellet hardness and the pellet durability index (PDI) ( P < 0.05). During the early stages of the experiment, when the broilers digestive systems were not fully developed, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR) ( P < 0.001), while 75°C CTP significantly increased average daily gain (ADG) and body weight (BW) at day 21 ( P < 0.05). Additionally, 75°C CTP significantly reduced the cecum organ weight ratio ( P < 0.05). In terms of meat quality, a 2.5 mm SO significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 48 h and 72 h ( P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05), while a 90 s CTM significantly reduced drip loss and cooking loss at 24 h ( P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the combination of 2.5 mm SO and 90 s CTM significantly increased serum urea nitrogen (BUN) levels ( P < 0.05). Considering the optimization of both growth performance and meat quality, the combination of 2.5 mm SO, 75°C CTP, and 90 s CTM is recommended for optimizing aged paddy rice feed processing and enhancing broiler growth performance and meat quality.
作者机构：
[Hou, Yongqing; Li, Peng; Guo, Chenyu; Tong, Wenfei; Han, Shaochen; Ding, Binying] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education,Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, PR China;[Sun, Xiangxue; Xiao, Lei] Hubei Lan Good microbial Technology Co., Ltd. Yichang, Hubei 443100, PR China;[Hu, Qunbing] Hubei Horwath Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Xianning, Hubei 437000, PR China;[Yi, Dan] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education,Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, PR China. Electronic address: yidan810204@163.com
通讯机构：
[Yi, Dan] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources of Agricultural By-products, Ministry of Education,Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, Hubei 430023, PR China. Electronic address:
摘要：
Farnesol ( FAN ), one of plant essential oils, is widely found in a variety of natural plants. Studies demonstrated that FAN contributed to the antioxidant and immune function as well as improving the intestinal flora, however effects of it on the broiler chickens has not been fully characterized. In the present study, we present an undated report of its effects on growth performance, antioxidant and immune functions of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ). One hundred healthy male AA + broiler chickens with uniform body weight were divided into control and FAN groups, there were five replicates and 10 birds in each one. The trial lasted for 28 days, and two birds with uniform body weight were selected from each replicate to be treated with intraperitoneal injection of LPS at the end of the trial, and then samples were harvested after 3 h. Results showed that dietary supplementary with FAN tended to improve the feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) ( P = 0.058). The levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and IL-1β were elevated in the birds challenged with LPS, as well as the content of malondialdehyde in the ileal and liver ( P < 0.05). Additionally, LPS treatment descended the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase, and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth in the ileum ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with FAN was able to alleviate the abnormal changes of the above indexes caused by LPS. In addition, dietary supplementation with FAN also contributed to alleviating the up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR-4 ), nuclear transcription factor κB ( NF-κB ), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 ( MYD88 ), tumor necrosis factor ( TNF-α ) and IL-1β transcription levels in the ileum and liver of birds challenged with LPS ( P < 0.05). Results of intestinal flora demonstrated that the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus was up-regulated in the ileal chyme of birds challenged with LPS, and dietary supplementation with FAN could reshape it. Intriguingly, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus was positively correlated with the mRNA levels of TLR-4, NF-κB, MYD88, TNF-α and IL-1β in the ileum ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FAN might confer a protective effect on the intestine of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide by reshaping intestinal flora, especially Candidatus Arthromitus, and regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Farnesol ( FAN ), one of plant essential oils, is widely found in a variety of natural plants. Studies demonstrated that FAN contributed to the antioxidant and immune function as well as improving the intestinal flora, however effects of it on the broiler chickens has not been fully characterized. In the present study, we present an undated report of its effects on growth performance, antioxidant and immune functions of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide ( LPS ). One hundred healthy male AA + broiler chickens with uniform body weight were divided into control and FAN groups, there were five replicates and 10 birds in each one. The trial lasted for 28 days, and two birds with uniform body weight were selected from each replicate to be treated with intraperitoneal injection of LPS at the end of the trial, and then samples were harvested after 3 h. Results showed that dietary supplementary with FAN tended to improve the feed conversion ratio ( FCR ) ( P = 0.058). The levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase and IL-1β were elevated in the birds challenged with LPS, as well as the content of malondialdehyde in the ileal and liver ( P < 0.05). Additionally, LPS treatment descended the levels of catalase and superoxide dismutase, and the ratio of villi height to crypt depth in the ileum ( P < 0.05). Dietary supplementation with FAN was able to alleviate the abnormal changes of the above indexes caused by LPS. In addition, dietary supplementation with FAN also contributed to alleviating the up-regulation of Toll-like receptor 4 ( TLR-4 ), nuclear transcription factor κB ( NF-κB ), myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 ( MYD88 ), tumor necrosis factor ( TNF-α ) and IL-1β transcription levels in the ileum and liver of birds challenged with LPS ( P < 0.05). Results of intestinal flora demonstrated that the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus was up-regulated in the ileal chyme of birds challenged with LPS, and dietary supplementation with FAN could reshape it. Intriguingly, the relative abundance of Candidatus Arthromitus was positively correlated with the mRNA levels of TLR-4, NF-κB, MYD88, TNF-α and IL-1β in the ileum ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with FAN might confer a protective effect on the intestine of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide by reshaping intestinal flora, especially Candidatus Arthromitus, and regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.
作者机构：
[Tong Zhou; Guobin Chen; Guiwei Zou; Hongwei Liang] Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan 430223, China;College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430223, China;[Jizeng Cao] Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan 430223, China<&wdkj&>College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China;[Huizi Ji] Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan 430223, China<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430223, China
通讯机构：
[Hongwei Liang] Y;Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Science, Wuhan 430223, China
摘要：
The Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis ) demonstrates noteworthy sexual dimorphism, where the males grow more rapidly and significantly larger than females under equivalent conditions. Estradiol (E2) administration can catalyze transformation from male to pseudo-female (PF), during which m6A RNA methylation undergoes considerable alterations. Nevertheless, the function of m6A methylation, specifically, the methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit gene ( METTL14 ) during this sex reversal process remains unclear. Within this study, we characterized the METTL14 gene, which was predominantly expressed within the ovary and demonstrated notable expression in PF individuals. Interference of METTL14 results in altered expression of methylation-related genes, yielding elevated RSPO1 expression and diminished AMH expression. Administration of E2 and METTL14 -RNAi elicits 7994 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during sexual differentiation, and KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted that METTL14 profoundly affects embryonic development through pathways including steroid hormone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, tryptophan metabolism, and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that METTL14-RNAi triggers reduced expression of steroid hormone biosynthesis and ovarian steroidogenesis pathways while increasing the PPAR signaling pathway. In conclusion, METTL14-RNAi results in significant up-regulation of RSPO1 and down-regulation of AMH , inducing substantial alterations in pathways associated with hormone and metabolism. These findings propose that METTL14 may play a facilitating role during E2-induced sex reversal in P. sinensis , offering a novel avenue for further exploration into all-male breeding.
The Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Pelodiscus sinensis ) demonstrates noteworthy sexual dimorphism, where the males grow more rapidly and significantly larger than females under equivalent conditions. Estradiol (E2) administration can catalyze transformation from male to pseudo-female (PF), during which m6A RNA methylation undergoes considerable alterations. Nevertheless, the function of m6A methylation, specifically, the methyltransferase 14, N6-adenosine-methyltransferase non-catalytic subunit gene ( METTL14 ) during this sex reversal process remains unclear. Within this study, we characterized the METTL14 gene, which was predominantly expressed within the ovary and demonstrated notable expression in PF individuals. Interference of METTL14 results in altered expression of methylation-related genes, yielding elevated RSPO1 expression and diminished AMH expression. Administration of E2 and METTL14 -RNAi elicits 7994 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) during sexual differentiation, and KEGG enrichment analysis highlighted that METTL14 profoundly affects embryonic development through pathways including steroid hormone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, tryptophan metabolism, and Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that METTL14-RNAi triggers reduced expression of steroid hormone biosynthesis and ovarian steroidogenesis pathways while increasing the PPAR signaling pathway. In conclusion, METTL14-RNAi results in significant up-regulation of RSPO1 and down-regulation of AMH , inducing substantial alterations in pathways associated with hormone and metabolism. These findings propose that METTL14 may play a facilitating role during E2-induced sex reversal in P. sinensis , offering a novel avenue for further exploration into all-male breeding.
作者机构：
[Ding, Huiping; Zhong, Tian] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Mantang; Zhang, Zhiming; Zhang, ZM; Jiang, Sijin; Gong, Yutian; Chen, Feng; Yang, Yang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydroecol, Minist Water Resources, Key Lab Ecol Impacts Hydraul Projects & Restorat A, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Mantang; Zhang, Zhiming; Zhang, ZM; Jiang, Sijin; Gong, Yutian; Chen, Feng; Yang, Yang] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Dongya] Power China Beijing Engn Corp Ltd, Beijing 100024, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, ZM ] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydroecol, Minist Water Resources, Key Lab Ecol Impacts Hydraul Projects & Restorat A, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.;Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan 430079, Peoples R China.
关键词：
length-weight relationship (LWR);spatiotemporal variations;growth pattern;conservation of fishes;the Yarlung Zangbo River
摘要：
The lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River are one of the most important biodiversity hotspots worldwide. With the rapid economic development in the area coupled with global climate change, the fish resources and diversity of this region are experiencing serious threats. Basic biological information on most fishes in the river is limited, restricting the conservation of local fish resources. This study aimed to provide estimates of length-weight relationships (LWRs) for six fish species from the lower Yarlung Zangbo River catchment, Tibet, China. From 2023 to 2024, 4034 specimens belonging to two families, five genera, and six species were collected using various types of fishing techniques. The LWRs of five species, namely Schizothorax curvilabiatus, Schizothorax molesworthi, Pseudecheneis sulcata, Parachiloglanis hodgarti, and Exostoma labiatum were reported for the first time to FishBase, except Garra tibetana. The b values calculated from the LWRs ranged between 2.738 and 3.172, and the r2 values for all LWRs estimates ranged from 0.931 to 0.989. Sexual variations of LWRs were observed in S. molesworthi and P. sulcata; seasonal variations were detected in S. curvilabiatus, S. molesworthi, G. tibetana, P. sulcata, and P. hodgarti; and geographical differences were discovered in S. molesworthi, G. tibetana, P. sulcate, P. hodgarti, and E. labiatum. Additionally, this study updated information for FishBase by providing a new record of maximum standard length for S. curvilabiatus, S. molesworthi, G. tibetana, and P. hodgarti and a new record of total length for P. sulcata. The findings of this study are essential for the management and conservation of locally indigenous fish and fisheries.
摘要：
Cyanobacteria are ancient and abundant photosynthetic prokaryotes that play crucial roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. They exist in a variety of environments and have been used extensively as model organisms for studies of photosynthesis and environmental adaptation. Lysine acetylation (Kac), a widespread and evolutionarily conserved protein posttranslational modification, is reversibly catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases (KAT) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Over the past decade, a growing number of acetylated proteins have been identified in cyanobacteria, and Kac is increasingly recognized as having essential roles in many cellular processes, such as photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and stress responses. Recently, cGNAT2 and CddA were identified as KAT and KDAC in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, respectively. The identified Kac regulatory enzymes provide novel insight into the mechanisms that globally regulate photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and potentially other photosynthetic organisms. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of lysine acetylation in Cyanobacteria. The challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed.
Cyanobacteria are ancient and abundant photosynthetic prokaryotes that play crucial roles in global carbon and nitrogen cycles. They exist in a variety of environments and have been used extensively as model organisms for studies of photosynthesis and environmental adaptation. Lysine acetylation (Kac), a widespread and evolutionarily conserved protein posttranslational modification, is reversibly catalyzed by lysine acetyltransferases (KAT) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs). Over the past decade, a growing number of acetylated proteins have been identified in cyanobacteria, and Kac is increasingly recognized as having essential roles in many cellular processes, such as photosynthesis, energy metabolism, and stress responses. Recently, cGNAT2 and CddA were identified as KAT and KDAC in the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. PCC 7002, respectively. The identified Kac regulatory enzymes provide novel insight into the mechanisms that globally regulate photosynthesis in cyanobacteria and potentially other photosynthetic organisms. This review summarizes recent progress in our understanding of the functions and mechanisms of lysine acetylation in Cyanobacteria. The challenges and future perspectives in this field are also discussed.
摘要：
Ferroptosis is a newly identified form of regulated cell death (RCD) characterized by iron overload and excessive lipid peroxidation. To date, numerous studies in human and mouse models have shown that ferroptosis is closely related to tissue damage and various diseases. In recent years, ferroptosis has also been found to play an indispensable and multifaceted role in infection and tissue injury in pigs, and nutritional regulation strategies targeting ferroptosis show great potential. In this review, we summarize the research progress of ferroptosis and its role in infection and tissue injury in pigs. Furthermore, we discuss the existing evidence on ferroptosis regulation by nutrients, aiming to provide valuable insights for future investigation into ferroptosis in pigs and offer a novel perspective for the treatment of infection and injury in pigs.
摘要：
In animals, a trade-off exists between reproduction and growth, which are the most fundamental traits. Males and females exhibit profound differences in reproduction and growth in fish species. However, the precise molecular mechanism governing this phenomenon is still not clear. Here, we uncovered that chr23-miR-200s and dmrt1 knockout specifically caused an impairment in reproduction and an increase in body growth in female and male zebrafish, respectively. Chr23-miR-200s and Dmrt1 directly regulate the stat5b gene by targeting its 3'UTR and promoter. The loss of stat5b completely abolished the elevated growth performance in chr23-miR-200s-KO or dmrt1(-/-) zebrafish. Moreover, the dmrt1 transgenic zebrafish had significantly lower body length and body weight than the control males, accompanied by a significant reduction in stat5b expression in the liver of transgenic fish. In summary, our study proposes a regulatory model elucidating the roles of chr23-miR-200s and Dmrt1 in controlling the sexually dimorphic trade-off between reproduction and growth.
关键词：
Genomic best linear unbiased prediction;Genomic selection;Kinship matrix;Large White pigs;Simulation study
摘要：
The traditional genomic relationship matrix ( GRM ) has shown to be a biased estimation of true kinship, which can affect subsequent genetic analyses. In this study, we employed an unbiased kinship ( UKin ) estimation method within the genomic best linear unbiased prediction framework to evaluate its prediction performance on both a simulated dataset and a Large White pig dataset. The simulated dataset encompasses six traits, 900 quantitative trait loci, and 36 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ). Two scenarios (small effect genes; major genes and small effect genes) and three heritabilities (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were considered. The Large White pig dataset includes two traits, 3 290 animals and 35 172 SNPs. The prediction performance of the Ukin method was compared with several other GRM construction methods, including VanRaden1 and 2 methods, Goudet method, and the runs of homozygosity ( ROH ) method. In the simulated dataset, VanRaden2 method and the UKin+VanRaden1 method achieved relatively higher prediction accuracies, averaging 0.561 and 0.558 for the six traits, respectively. Apart from the ROH method, all methods demonstrated similar levels of unbiasedness, around 1.10. In the Large White pig dataset, the accuracy of two traits hovered around 0.780, and the unbiasedness around 0.99, again with the ROH method as an exception. This study underscores the potential of the unbiased kinship estimation method in animal breeding.
The traditional genomic relationship matrix ( GRM ) has shown to be a biased estimation of true kinship, which can affect subsequent genetic analyses. In this study, we employed an unbiased kinship ( UKin ) estimation method within the genomic best linear unbiased prediction framework to evaluate its prediction performance on both a simulated dataset and a Large White pig dataset. The simulated dataset encompasses six traits, 900 quantitative trait loci, and 36 000 single nucleotide polymorphisms ( SNPs ). Two scenarios (small effect genes; major genes and small effect genes) and three heritabilities (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5) were considered. The Large White pig dataset includes two traits, 3 290 animals and 35 172 SNPs. The prediction performance of the Ukin method was compared with several other GRM construction methods, including VanRaden1 and 2 methods, Goudet method, and the runs of homozygosity ( ROH ) method. In the simulated dataset, VanRaden2 method and the UKin+VanRaden1 method achieved relatively higher prediction accuracies, averaging 0.561 and 0.558 for the six traits, respectively. Apart from the ROH method, all methods demonstrated similar levels of unbiasedness, around 1.10. In the Large White pig dataset, the accuracy of two traits hovered around 0.780, and the unbiasedness around 0.99, again with the ROH method as an exception. This study underscores the potential of the unbiased kinship estimation method in animal breeding.
关键词：
fermented straw;finishing pigs;growth performance;intestinal health
摘要：
The aim of the present study was to investigate the dietary effects of replacing corn with different proportions of fermented straw on the growth performance and intestinal health of finishing pigs. A total of 275 healthy commercial finishing pigs aged 126 days (average body weight, 82.96 ± 3.07 kg) were randomly allocated into three groups: the control (CTR, basal diet) group, the 5% fermented straw (FJJG5, replacing 5% of the corn) group, and the 10% fermented straw (FJJG10, replacing 10% of the corn) group. There were six replicates in each group and 14-16 pigs per replicate. On day 39 of the experiment, one animal from each replicate was slaughtered for sampling and for further analysis. The results showed that the finishing pigs in the FJJG10 group had a reduced average daily weight gain and an increased feed-to-gain ratio. The FJJG5 group had reduced total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and low-density lipoprotein in their serum, while the FJJG5 and FJJG10 groups had reduced contents of lactate dehydrogenase. In addition, the FJJG5 group exhibited increased T-SOD activity and MDA content in the colon, while the FJJG10 group also showed increased T-AOC activity in their serum and increased contents of MDA in the colon. The FJJG5 group exhibited increased activities of jejunal disaccharidase and lipase, while the FJJG10 group exhibited decreased jejunal crypt depths. Moreover, the FJJG5 group presented an increased relative expression of APOA4, LPL, and MUC2 but decreased SLC7A7 and IL-10 in the jejunum and APOA4 in the colon. The FJJG10 group exhibited a decreased relative expression of SLC7A7 and IL-10 in the jejunum and decreased MMP13, KCNJ13, APOA4, SLC7A7, LPL, and IL-10 in the colon. Furthermore, the FJJG5 group exhibited an increased relative abundance of Lactobacillus in colon contents, while the FJJG10 group had a reduced relative abundance of streptococcus. In conclusion, 5% fermented straw can improve the lipid metabolism and colon microbiota structure of finishing pigs, while 10% fermented straw has adverse effects on the growth performance and intestinal health of finishing pigs.
关键词：
C. pyrenoidosa;Na2SeO4;nutritional quality;selenium forms
摘要：
In this study, C. pyrenoidosa were cultured with seven different concentrations of Na(2)SeO(4) (0-10 mg/L), and the effects of Na(2)SeO(4) on the growth, Se-forms, and nutritional quality of C. pyrenoidosa were explored. The results showed that at the concentration of 0.5 mg/L Na(2)SeO(4), the C. pyrenoidosa were plump and healthy; the contents of biomass, soluble protein, lipids, and TPUFA reached the highest level; the total Se content in C. pyrenoidosa increased with the increasing Na(2)SeO(4) concentrations. However, the proportion of organic Se in C. pyrenoidosa. reached the highest value of 87.58% at the concentration of 0.5 mg/L Na(2)SeO(4). Among organic Se forms, SeMet accounted for the largest proportion, while MeSeCys accounted for a relatively smaller proportion, but SeCys(2) was not detected. The addition of Na(2)SeO(4) (except for ≤0.5 mg/L) reduced the contents of photosynthetic pigments in C. pyrenoidosa. In addition, the antioxidant capacity of C. pyrenoidosa first increased and then decreased with the increasing Na(2)SeO(4) concentrations, but different enzymes exhibited different tolerances to Na(2)SeO(4). Based on the above research results, 0.5 mg/L Na(2)SeO(4) concentration is recommended for the production of Se-rich C. pyrenoidosa. Our findings will provide a theoretical basis and practical references for the development of Se-rich C. pyrenoidosa health care products.
摘要：
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen throughout the world as well as an emerging zoonotic agent. Among the symptoms caused by S. suis, including septicemia, pneumonia, endo-carditis, arthritis, and meningitis, the latter is the most overlooked. In the present study, we explored the mechanism of action of berberine against S. suis meningitis by obtaining berberine-related action targets, porcine S. suis meningitis targets, and human S. suis meningitis targets from open databases. We constructed a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by using the STRING database and employed Cytoscape 3.8.0 to screen for core targets. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses through DAVID. We identified 31 potential targets of berberine, of which Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), fibronectin 1 (FN1), superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and catalase (CAT) were the four most critical targets. GO analysis revealed the enrichment of terms related to the response to oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. KEGG analysis revealed the enrichment of the interleukin 17 (IL-17), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, TLR, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, the admetSAR results showed that berberine can cross the blood-brain barrier. The molecular docking results indicated key binding activity between TLR4-berberine and FN1-berberine. In summary, berberine protects against Streptococcus suis meningitis by regulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress in humans and pigs. Our study updates the current knowledge of the targets of S. suis meningitis to exploit new drugs in humans and pigs, to develop environmentally friendly and antibiotic-free animal-derived food products, and to improve the farming industry and economic development.
摘要：
Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is a widespread zoonotic pathogen with the ability to infect wild animals, livestock, and humans. Pm infection can cause haemorrhagic pneumonia, indicating that the pathogenesis involves serious vascular injury and inflammation. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (GA) has cardiovascular protective and anti-inflammatory effects, but its effect on vascular injury caused by Pm infection is not clear. This study focused on the protective effects of GA on Pm-induced vascular inflammatory injury in mice. The results showed that GA intervention significantly improved the survival rate and the changes in haematological and biochemical parameters caused by Pm infection in mice. Haematoxylin and eosin staining revealed that GA delayed the progression of vascular injury, including abnormalities in elastic fibres, local rupture of the vascular intima, and inflammatory cell infiltration in response to Pm infection. The immunohistochemical results showed that after the GA intervention, the vascular inflammatory response in Pm-infected mice was alleviated. These protective effects may be related to the reduced expression of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1, high mobility group box 1, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-18 in vascular tissue by GA. These findings suggest that GA inhibits the activation of inflammation to protect vascular injury in vivo. Hence, GA exhibits therapeutic potential in the treatment of vascular injury.
