会议论文集名称：
Proceedings of 2012 International Conference on Biobase Material Science and Engineering
关键词：
Biomass;pyrolysis;catalyst;hydrogen production
摘要：
The catalytic pyrolysis of palm oil wastes for fuel gas production was experimentally investigated in a combined fixed bed reactor using the developed nano-NiO/γ-Al<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> catalyst. The results indicated that the nano-NiO/γ-Al<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>O<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> catalyst had greater activity for the cracking of tar in vapor and of hydrocarbons and a higher hydrogen yield than the commercial nickel-based catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis of palm oil wastes. Meanwhile, a series of experiments have been performed to explore the effects of temperature and biomass particle size on gas composition and gas yield. The experiments demonstrated that temperature was the most important factor in this process, higher temperature contributed to more hydrogen production and gas yield. It was also shown that a smaller particle was more favorable for gas quality and yield.
摘要：
This paper dissertated the cultivation status and existing problems of innovation talents for applied chemistry specialty, and introduced the cultivation approach of innovation talent and the proposition of teaching reform for applied chemistry speciality. Meantime, combined with practical conditions in our university, the concrete measures and means for implementing teaching reform and training innovation talents of applied chemistry speciality were investigated. A series of measures such as reform of teaching plan, updating the experimental teaching contents, strengthening the practice teaching, and establishing the innovation base and practice base were adopted to encourage students for innovation, the purpose is to cultivate students' comprehensive quality and the innovative ability, and construct cultivation mode of innovation talents for applied chemistry specialty.
会议论文集名称：
2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering
关键词：
sodium citrate;tween 80;liquid-solid extraction;phenolic compounds;hydrogen bond
摘要：
The proper extraction conditions for phenol, o-chlorophenol and o-nitrophenol were investigated by using the liquid-solid extraction system composed of Tween 80-sodium citrate-H
<sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub>
O. 10.5% (v/v) Tween 80, 2.6000 g·l
<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup>
sodium citrate, extraction acidity of pH 5.95 had been found optimal for extraction of phenolic compounds. Under the above-mentioned conditions the once average recoveries of phenol, o-chlorophenol and o-nitrophenol in analogous water samples were 99.5%, 95.3%, 94.7%, respectively. When sodium citrate was as salt separate phase, the acidity of the solution not only could change the shape of sodium citrate, but also had effects on extraction yield (E%) of phenols as well. Through the discussion of the extraction mechanism for Tween 80 solid phase, it was indicated that the extraction in this system had been achieved by the formation of the hydrogen bond between Tween 80 and the phenolic compounds.
摘要：
The objective of this study was to develop a supported tri-metallic catalyst (nano-Ni-La-Fe/γ-Al2O3) for tar removal in biomass steam gasification, to significantly enhance the quality of the produced gas. For this purpose, the supported tri-metallic catalysts were prepared by a deposition-precipitation (DP) method. Different analytical approaches were used to characterize the synthesized catalysts. The results showed that the prepared tri-metallic catalysts had an egg-shell structure with a specific surface area of 214.7 m2/g. The activity of the catalysts for gas production and tar removal in the process of biomass gasification was also investigated using a bench-scale combined fixed bed reactor. The experiments indicated that the tar yield after adding catalyst was reduced significantly and the efficiency of tar removal reached 99% for the biomass steam gasification at 800oC, while the gas yield after adding catalysts increased markedly and less coke was found over the catalyst. Meanwhile, the compositions of gas products before and after adding catalyst in the process also changed significantly; in particular, the content of hydrogen in catalytic steam gasification was improved by over 10 vol%. Therefore, using the prepared tri-metallic catalyst in biomass gasification can significantly improve the quality of the produced gas and efficiently eliminate the tar generation, preventing coke deposition on the catalyst surfaces, thus demonstrating a long lifetime of the catalyst.
作者机构：
[张开诚; 许小荣; 李建芬; 孙涛] School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;[李建芬; 肖波] School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
通讯机构：
School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
会议名称：
Energy and Environment Technology, 2009. ICEET '09. International Conference on
关键词：
Biomass gasification;palm oil waste;catalyst;hydrogen production
摘要：
The catalytic steam gasification of palm oil wastes for hydrogen-rich gas production was experimentally investigated in a combined fixed bed reactor using the newly developed nano-NiO/??-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst. The results indicated that the nano-NiO/??-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> catalyst had greater activity for the cracking of tar in vapor and of hydrocarbons and a higher hydrogen yield than the calcined dolomite in catalytic steam gasification of palm oil wastes. Meanwhile, a series of experiments have been performed to explore the effects of temperature, steam to biomass ratio (S/B) and biomass particle size on gas composition and gas yield. The experiments demonstrated that temperature was the most important factor in this process, higher temperature contributed to more hydrogen production and gas yield. Compared with biomass catalytic gasification, the introduction of steam improved gas quality and yield, the optimal value of S/B was found to be 1.33 under the present operating condition. It was also shown that a smaller particle was more favorable for gas quality and yield.
