期刊：
Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship,2015年7(1):1-18 ISSN：2192-5372
通讯作者：
Hang Xiong
作者机构：
[Xiong, Hang] Agricultural Economics and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;[Puqing, Wang] School of Economics and Management, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China;[Bobashev, Georgiy V.] Center for Data Science, RTI International, Durham, USA
通讯机构：
[Hang Xiong] A;Agricultural Economics and Policy Group, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
摘要：
Peer effects in innovation adoption decisions have been extensively studied. However, the underlying mechanisms of peer effects are generally not explicitly accounted for. Gaps in this knowledge could lead to misestimation of peer effects and inefficient interventions. This study examined the role of two mechanisms—sharing experiences (namely, experience effect) and externalities—in the adoption of an agricultural innovation. By referring to the diffusion process of a new crop in Chinese villages, we developed a simulation model that incorporated experience effect and externality effect on a multiplex network. The model allowed us to estimate the influence of each specific effect and to investigate the interplay of the positive and negative directions of the effects. The main results of simulation experiments were the following: (1) a negative externality effect in the system caused the diffusion of innovation to vary around a middle-level rate, which resulted in a fluctuating diffusion curve rather than a commonly found S-shaped one; (2) in the case of full diffusion, experience effect significantly shaped the diffusion process at the early stage, while externality effect mattered more at the late stage; and (3) network properties (i.e. connectivity, transitivity, and network distance) imposed indirect influence on diffusion through specific peer effects. Overall, our study illustrated the need to understand specific causal mechanisms when studying peer effects. Simulation methods such as agent-based modelling provide an effective approach to facilitate such understanding.
摘要：
Nowadays in China, one of the most challenges of improving agri-food quality safety is that millions of fragmented and small scale farmers are organized and structured well, which is how to integrate them into the closer agri-food supply chain. The overall goal of this study is to simulate and analyze the structural evolution in agri-food supply chain by building an agent-based model of supply chain for the sake of improving the agri-food quality safety. Based on the simulation experiments, this study shows that contract transaction mode contributes to agri-food food quality safety by connecting farmers tightly. Furthermore, the stronger regulation on wholesalers helps increase the number of contractual wholesaler, and improve food safety. Similarly, the stronger regulation on farmers helps increase the number of contractual farmer, enhance the scale of contractual wholesalers, and improve agri-food quality safety. By comparison, the policy about stronger regulation on farmer is more effective on improving agri-food quality safety.
摘要：
Enterprise organization is a complex system. Organizational innovation is a unique process during the development of an organization. Organizational innovation system is also a complex system. The disorder-order theory of complex science management (CSM) is a novel angel of observation that differentiates CSM from traditional management theory. It is of great significance to introduce the idea and methodology of the disorder-order theory into the field of enterprise organizational innovation. Based on the disorder-order theory, this article describes the general model of organizational evolution and innovation and also proposes appropriate strategies.
