Intrauterine growth restriction alters nutrient metabolism in the intestine of porcine offspring
作者：
Li, Tiantian;Huang, Shimeng;Lei, Long;Tao, Shiyu;Xiong, Yi;...
期刊：
畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版) ,2021年12(1):649-660 ISSN：1674-9782
通讯作者：
Wang, Junjun
作者机构：
[Huang, Shimeng; Yang, Hongjian; Tao, Shiyu; Li, Tiantian; Hu, Jie; Wang, Junjun; Yuan, Xiongkun; Zuo, Bin; Wu, Guoyao] China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Xiong, Yi; Zhao, Shengjun; Lei, Long] Wuhan Polytechn Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Xiao, Yingping] Zhejiang Acad Agr Sci, State Key Lab Managing Biot & Chem Threats Qual &, Inst Qual & Stand Agroprod, Hangzhou 310021, Peoples R China.;[Lin, Gang] Chinese Acad Agr Sci, Key Lab Agrifood Safety & Qual, Inst Qual Stand & Testing Technol Agr Prod, Minist Agr & Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Junjun] C;China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Absorption;Digestion;Fermentation;IUGR pigs;Portal vein
摘要：
Background: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has negative impacts on the postnatal survival, growth and development of humans and animals, with not only on newborns but also adulthood. However, the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely unknown. Therefore, the normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization, with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later life. Methods: Twelve IUGR and 12 NBW growing pigs were fitted with catheters in their portal vein to measure blood flow rate as well as nutrients and metabolites in plasma. The digestibilities of nutrients in different intestinal segments, and bacterial fermentation in the large intestine were examined to reveal the characteristics of nutrients utilization in IUGR versus NBW pigs. Results: The rate of portal venous blood flow did not differ beween IUGR and NBW pigs. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were much lower but those of urea were higher in the portal vein of IUGR pigs, compared with the NBW pigs. The ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and starch were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs. IUGR increased hindgut microbial diversity and bacterial fermentation activity in the caecum. In vitro cross-fermentation of ileal digesta by caecal microbes of NBW and IUGR pigs showed that gas production was much higher for IUGR ileal digesta regardless of the source of caecal inocula. Conclusion: IUGR impairs the nutrient digestion and absorption in small intestine, reduces caecal microbial diversity and promotes bacterial fermentation in the large intestine during the growing phase. These findings aid in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in IUGR pigs and provide the basis for future nutritional interventions. © 2021, The Author(s).
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英文
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Comparative study of yeast selenium vs. sodium selenite on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activity in weaned piglets challenged by Salmonella typhimurium
作者：
Lv, Liangkang;Zhang, Hui;Liu, Zhengya;Lei, Long;Feng, Zhi;...
期刊：
INNATE IMMUNITY ,2020年26(4):248-258 ISSN：1753-4259
通讯作者：
Zhao, Shengjun
作者机构：
[Zhang, Hui; Zhao, Shengjun; Lei, Long; Liu, Zhengya; Feng, Zhi; Zhang, Dandan; Ren, Ying; Lv, Liangkang] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Shengjun] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, Shengjun] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Changqing Garden, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Salmonella typhimurium;T-lymphocyte subset;Yeast selenium;growth performance;inflammatory cytokines;nutrient digestibility;weaned piglets
摘要：
<jats:p> The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of selenium from different sources on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood immune indices of piglets orally challenged with Salmonella typhimurium (ST). In a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, 32 piglets (6.43 ± 0.54 kg of body mass) were assigned into four groups with or without dietary inclusion of sodium selenite (SS) or yeast selenium (YS) and with or without ST challenge (5 ml 1 × 10<jats:sup>9</jats:sup> cfu/ml ST or 5 ml saline) on d 13. In each period, YS increased average daily feed intake and average daily gain but did not reach statistical significance. During the challenged stage, piglets fed YS had higher digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, and YS reduced the amount of Escherichia coli in feces. Additionally, YS regulated the composition of T-lymphocyte subset and influenced the production of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, in this study selenium-enriched yeast was more effective in enhancing nutrient digestibility, and inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress by inducing the activity of the lymphocytes, expression of antioxidant enzymes and so on. </jats:p>
语种：
英文
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Effect of flaxseed oil on muscle protein loss and carbohydrate oxidation impairment in a pig model after lipopolysaccharide challenge.
作者：
Kang, Ping;Wang, Yang;Li, Xiangen;Wan, Zhicheng;Wang, Xiuying;...
期刊：
British Journal of Nutrition ,2020年123(8):859-869 ISSN：0007-1145
通讯作者：
Liu, Yulan
作者机构：
[Wang, Yang; Zhao, Shengjun; Liu, Yulan; Chen, Huifu; Kang, Ping; Wang, Chunwei; Li, Xiangen; Wan, Zhicheng; Wang, Xiuying; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Carbohydrate oxidation impairment;Flaxseed oil;Muscle atrophy;Protein kinase B/Forkhead box O signalling pathways;Toll-like receptor 4/nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein signalling pathway
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Flaxseed oil is rich in α-linolenic acid (ALA), which is the metabolic precursor of EPA and DHA. The present study investigated the effect of flaxseed oil supplementation on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy and carbohydrate oxidation impairment in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment including dietary treatment (5 % maize oil<jats:italic>v</jats:italic>. 5 % flaxseed oil) and LPS challenge (saline<jats:italic>v</jats:italic>. LPS). On day 21 of treatment, the pigs were injected intraperitoneally with 100 μg/kg body weight LPS or sterile saline. At 4 h after injection, blood, gastrocnemius muscle and longissimus dorsi muscle were collected. Flaxseed oil supplementation increased ALA, EPA, total<jats:italic>n</jats:italic>-3 PUFA contents, protein:DNA ratio and pyruvate dehydrogenase complex quantity in muscles (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>< 0·05). In addition, flaxseed oil reduced mRNA expression of toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein (NOD) 2 and their downstream signalling molecules in muscles and decreased plasma concentrations of TNF-<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>, IL-6 and IL-8, and mRNA expression of TNF-<jats:italic>α</jats:italic>, IL-1<jats:italic>β</jats:italic>and IL-6 (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>< 0·05). Moreover, flaxseed oil inclusion increased the ratios of phosphorylated protein kinase B (Akt) 1:total Akt1 and phosphorylated Forkhead box O (FOXO) 1:total FOXO1 and reduced mRNA expression of FOXO1, muscle RING finger (MuRF) 1 and pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 in muscles (<jats:italic>P</jats:italic>< 0·05). These results suggest that flaxseed oil might have a positive effect on alleviating muscle protein loss and carbohydrates oxidation impairment induced by LPS challenge through regulation of the TLR4/NOD and Akt/FOXO signalling pathways.</jats:p>
语种：
英文
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发酵白酒糟营养价值的评定及其对育肥猪生长性能的影响
作者：
张慧;魏来;刘正亚;伍璋健;王春维;...
期刊：
中国饲料 ,2019年(3):41-45 ISSN：1004-3314
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉,430023;武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430023;[魏来; 刘正亚; 赵胜军; 任莹; 伍璋健; 张慧; 王春维] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
白酒糟;固态发酵;发酵白酒糟饲料;育肥猪;生长性能
摘要：
本试验旨在评定发酵白酒糟营养价值及其对育肥猪生长性能的影响.利用胃蛋白酶-胰酶二步法体外消化测定发酵白酒糟的营养价值,再进行育肥猪的饲养试验.采用单因子试验设计,选取体重52.57 kg左右的育肥猪28头,随机分配到4个处理组:对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组.每组7个重复,每个重复1头育肥猪,试验期为27 d.后三组用6％的发酵白酒糟代替部分玉米、麸皮、豆粕等日粮原料.结果表明:发酵白酒糟在40℃恒温体外消化装置下持续消化6 h至消化完全,此时干物质消化率为42.12％,蛋白质消化率为64.29％,粗纤维消化率为20.86％.用6％的发酵白酒糟代替以纤维类为主的饲料原料可提高育肥猪生长性能,增加经济效益.本试验通过评定发酵白酒糟的实际应用效果,为白酒糟的开发和应用提供相应的理论依据和数据支持.
语种：
中文
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样本溶血对血浆中16种氨基酸测定准确性的探究
作者：
陈逢斌;任莹;赵胜军;张慧;熊奕;...
期刊：
湖北畜牧兽医 ,2019年40(02):5-7 ISSN：1007-273X
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,武汉,430023;武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,武汉 430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,武汉 430023;[雷龙; 熊奕; 吕良康; 赵胜军; 任莹; 陈逢斌; 张慧] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
血浆;溶血;氨基酸;准确性
摘要：
为探究样本溶血对国标酸解法测定血浆中16种氨基酸含量的影响,采集60份断奶仔猪颈动脉血液并分为3组,即普通溶血组、机械溶血组与对照组,普通溶血组为血液采集后溶血样本,机械溶血组为血液采集后经超声波处理溶血再离心样本,未溶血血浆为对照组.采用赛卡姆S433D全自动氨基酸分析仪检测血浆样本中天冬氨酸(Asp)、苏氨酸(Thr)、丝氨酸(Ser)、谷氨酸(Glu)、甘氨酸(Gly)、丙氨酸(Ala)、缬氨酸(Val)、蛋氨酸(Met)、异亮氨酸(Ile)、亮氨酸(Leu)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、脯氨酸(Pro)、赖氨酸(Lys)、组氨酸(His)、精氨酸(Arg)的含量.结果表明,普通溶血组Asp、Ala、Val、Leu、His、Lys含量相较于其余两组显著升高(P<0.05),其余10种氨基酸含量相较于对照组偏高或偏低(P>0.05).说明血样溶血对其氨基酸含量存在较大影响,且受非血红蛋白因素影响较小,为了尽可能避免或减少溶血的发生,建议采血操作以及样品的运送、分离检测严格规范,以提高测定的准确性.
语种：
中文
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Lentinan modulates intestinal microbiota and enhances barrier integrity in a piglet model challenged with lipopolysaccharide.
作者：
Wang, Xiuying;Wang, Wenjun;Wang, Longmei;Yu, Cheng;Zhang, Guolong;...
期刊：
FOOD & FUNCTION ,2019年10(1):479-489 ISSN：2042-6496
通讯作者：
Liu, Yulan
作者机构：
[Zhang, Guolong; Zhao, Shengjun; Hu, Chien-An Andy; Liu, Yulan; Wang, Chunwei; Yu, Cheng; Wang, Longmei; Wang, Xiuying; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yu, Cheng; Wang, Wenjun] South Cent Univ Nationalities, Coll Life Sci, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Guolong] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.;[Hu, Chien-An Andy] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The intestinal microbiota plays a vital role in metabolism, pathogen resistance, and immune development in host cells, and is modifiable by dietary change. Lentinan (LNT), a type of mushroom polysaccharide, is known to ameliorate intestinal inflammation with the potential of therapeutic effect on digestive diseases. We hypothesized that LNT could alleviate Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury via regulating the composition and metabolites of intestinal microbiota in a piglet model. Twenty-four weaned piglets were used in a 2 × 2 factorial design, and the main factors included a dietary treatment (basal or LNT diet) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). After feeding basal or LNT diet for 21 days, pigs were injected with LPS or saline. At 4 h post-injection, pigs were killed and jejunum, ileum and cecal digesta were collected. LNT improved intestinal morphology and barrier function. LNT also inhibited inflammatory signaling pathways (toll-like receptor 4 and nucleotide binding oligomerization domain protein) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6) expression, as well as up-regulated the heat shock protein 70 expression in small intestine. In addition, LNT enhanced the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, isobutyrate and isovalerate in cecal digesta, resulting in a significant increase in histone acetylation without affecting the protein level of G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41), a short chain fatty acid receptor. Bacterial 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing showed that LNT had a great impact on gut microbiota composition at different taxonomic levels. Moreover, the correlation analysis revealed some potential relationships between cecal metabolites and certain intestinal microbiota. These results indicate that LNT promotes intestinal health, in part, through altering intestinal microbiota composition and increasing the short chain fatty acid synthesis, which subsequently lead to a reduction in inflammation and hyper-acetylation of histones. © 2019 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
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英文
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酸化剂在畜禽生产中的应用综述
作者：
亢涛;赵胜军
期刊：
湖北畜牧兽医 ,2019年40(04):13-16 ISSN：1007-273X
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,武汉,430023;武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,武汉 430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,武汉 430023;[亢涛; 赵胜军] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
酸化剂;饲料添加剂;畜禽
摘要：
饲料行业的蓬勃发展对饲料提出了高效、绿色、环保的要求,也就对饲料添加剂有了更高的要求,而酸化剂就是应运而出的新型绿色添加剂,目前在饲料养殖中广泛使用。就其分类、作用原理、实践效果及应用影响因素进行了综述。
语种：
中文
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饲粮外源代谢葡萄糖水平对仔猪门静脉回流组织氨基酸利用的影响
作者：
冯志;吕良康;熊奕;李强;张慧;...
期刊：
中国畜牧杂志 ,2019年55(3):91-98 ISSN：0258-7033
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉,430023;武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430023;[雷龙; 李强; 冯志; 熊奕; 赵胜军; 吕良康; 任莹; 张慧] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
断奶仔猪;代谢葡萄糖;门静脉氨基酸净吸收量;小肠氨基酸消失量;门静脉排流组织氨基酸利用量
摘要：
本试验旨在研究饲粮外源代谢葡萄糖(MG)水平对断奶仔猪门静脉回流组织(PDV)氨基酸利用量的影响。选择20头健康状况良好、体重在7.74 kg左右的25日龄杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪,分为4个处理组,每组5个重复,给每头猪的门静脉、颈动脉和肠系膜静脉安装血管插管,并安装'T'型回肠瘘管。待仔猪术后恢复正常后,4组分别饲喂MG水平为22.82%、26.59%、36.37%、42.41%的等能、等氮的玉米-豆粕型饲粮,每种饲粮添加0.1%的二氧化钛(TiO2)作外源指示剂。术后3 d,从肠系膜静脉持续灌注对氨基马尿酸(PAH),并从门静脉和颈动脉采血,并且在回肠段收集食糜。结果表明:仔猪PDV氨基酸利用量随着MG水平增加呈先上升后下降的趋势;PDV对17种氨基酸的利用量均在饲粮MG水平为26.59%时达到最大值;必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸、生糖氨基酸、支链氨基酸也在饲粮MG水平为26.59%时达到最大值(P<0.05)。可见,饲粮适宜MG水平能够显著增加小肠氨基酸消失量和门静脉氨基酸净吸收量,从而显著提高仔猪PDV对饲粮蛋白质的利用效率。
语种：
中文
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熟化软颗粒教槽料对断奶仔猪生长性能及腹泻率的影响
作者：
陈浩;王铕;陈懿琳;万蒙;祝家东;...
期刊：
中国饲料 ,2019年(15):110-114 ISSN：1004-3314
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,武汉市畜禽饲料工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430023;生猪健康养殖湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430070;[万蒙; 祝家东; 陈浩; 况爱侠; 王铕; 赵胜军; 陈懿琳; 王春维] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
软颗粒教槽料;断奶仔猪;生长性能
摘要：
为研究熟化软颗粒教槽料对仔猪断奶前后生长性能及腹泻率的影响,试验选用8窝(共计84头)15日龄仔猪,随机分为对照组和试验组,分别饲喂同配方的粉状教槽料和软颗粒教槽料,每个组4个重复,每个重复1窝猪;试验分为两个阶段,分别为断奶前10d和断奶后5d,即15 ～ 25日龄和26～30日龄,仔猪在25日龄断奶.结果 表明:在15～25日龄阶段,试验组仔猪平均日增重(ADG)较对照组无明显差异,平均日采食量(ADH)增加了40.90％;在26 ～ 30日龄阶段,试验组ADG较对照组增加了12.21％,ADFI增加了34.41％;整个试验期,试验组ADFI较对照组增加了35.12％,ADG无明显差异,试验组的腹泻率也低于对照组;在仔猪断奶前后的3d,试验组的ADG和ADFI均高于对照组.综上,软颗粒教槽料在仔猪断奶后前期可有效地提高其采食量和日增重.
语种：
中文
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体外法估测日粮和饲料原料外源代谢葡萄糖值
作者：
李强;吕良康;熊奕;张慧;方勇;...
期刊：
饲料工业 ,2019年40(13):39-43 ISSN：1001-991X
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,湖北武汉,430023;武汉轻工大学动物科学与营养工程学院,湖北武汉430023;湖北省饲料工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430023;[方勇; 李强; 冯志; 熊奕; 赵胜军; 吕良康; 任莹; 张慧] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
体外法;回归方程;外源代谢葡萄糖;日粮;常用饲料原料
摘要：
试验旨在建立体外测定日粮和常用饲料原料中外源代谢葡萄糖（MG）含量的方法。试验采用单因子设计,以小肠消化时间为处理因素,分为1、2、4、6 h和8 h共5个处理。通过"胃蛋白酶-胰蛋白酶两段法"以四种不同日粮为底物进行体外模拟消化。将体外法测得的日粮淀粉降解率与体内法测得的日粮淀粉消化率进行相关性对照,确定两者相关系数最高的时间点,且将此设定为体外模拟消化的最佳时间。用此模拟消化时长,测定6种猪料原料外源MG水平。结果显示,体外法测定淀粉消化率,最佳的消化时长为6 h,此时与体内法测定的淀粉消化率建立的回归方程为:y=0.137 4x+84.834（R2=0.871 1）。最终得到体外法估测日粮外源MG的公式:外源MG=小肠淀粉量×（0.14×体外法测的小肠淀粉消化率+84.83）/0.9,并根据此方法测定出了几种常用饲料原料外源MG。
语种：
中文
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Fermented cassava bioethanol waste as substitute of protein in diet for growth performance and carcass evaluation on meat ducks.
作者：
Lei, Long;Feng, Zhi;Li, Qiang;Xue, Xiaoqiang;Zhang, Dandan;...
期刊：
Tropical Animal Health and Production ,2019年51(5):1049-1056 ISSN：0049-4747
通讯作者：
Zhao, Shengjun
作者机构：
[Li, Qiang; Zhao, Shengjun; Lei, Long; Liu, Zhengya; Liu, Yulan; Xue, Xiaoqiang; Feng, Zhi; Zhang, Dandan; Ren, Ying] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, 68 Xuefu South Rd, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhao, Shengjun] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, 68 Xuefu South Rd, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Digestibility rate;Fermented cassava bioethanol waste;Growth performance;Meat duck;Meat quality
摘要：
The effect of dietary supplementation with fermented cassava bioethanol waste (FCBW) on the growth performance and meat quality was evaluated in 80 15-day-old male Cherry Valley meat ducks with an initial body weight (BW) of 250.67 +/- 7.50 g. The experiment has 5 replications and 4 treatments and 4 ducks per treatment. Four groups (groups I, II, III, IV) supplemented with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% FCBW substituted for part of maize, soybean meal, and bran in basal diet and were fed for 29 days; the metabolizable energy and content of lysine in the four groups were equal. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in average daily weight gain and average daily feed intake among the four groups (P > 0.05). The digestibility rate of dry matter, ash, and phosphorus in group IV was significantly lower than that in group I by 5.23%, 6.25%, and 6.40% respectively (P < 0.05), but the digestibility rate of crude fat was significantly higher than that in group I by 8.30% (P < 0.05). No significant differences were presented among different levels of FCBW supplementation in carcass yield, eviscerated carcass yield, and semi-eviscerated carcass yield (P > 0.05), but 5% FCBW can improve the carcass yield relatively. In conclusion, with dietary supplementation of 5% FCBW, a better growth performance in meat ducks could be achieved.
语种：
英文
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Pyruvate is an effective substitute for glutamate in regulating porcine nitrogen excretion
作者：
Li, Yunxia;Tang, Zhiru;Li, Tiejun;Chen, C.;Huang, Feiruo;...
期刊：
JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE ,2018年96(9):3804-3814 ISSN：0021-8812
通讯作者：
Sun, Zhihong
作者机构：
[Li, Yunxia] Sichuan Agr Univ, Inst Anim Nutr, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[An, Rui; Sun, Jiajing; Zhen, Jifu; Wu, Zhaoliang; Li, Mao; Wu, Liuting; Sun, Zhihong; Li, Yunxia; Tang, Zhiru; Xu, Qingqing; Zhang, Xiangxin; Yang, Jing; Chen, Jinchao; Chen, C.] Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lab Biofeed & Mol Nutr, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.;[Li, Tiejun; Yin, Yulong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Feiruo] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Shengjun] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, Zhihong] S;Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lab Biofeed & Mol Nutr, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
关键词：
alanine;amino acid;glutamic acid;nitrogen;pyruvic acid;urea;animal;animal food;cell line;cytology;diet;dietary supplement;drug effect;energy metabolism;epithelium cell;intestine mucosa;male;metabolism;oxidation reduction reaction;physiology;pig;protein intake;protein restriction;veterinary medicine;Alanine;Amino Acids;Animal Feed;Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena;Animals;Cell Line;Diet;Diet, Protein-Restricted;Dietary Proteins;Dietary Supplements;Energy Metabolism;Epithelial Cells;Glutamic Acid;Intestinal Mucosa;Male;Nitrogen;Oxidation-Reduction;Pyruvic Acid;Swine;Urea
摘要：
This study was performed to determine if pyruvate, which acts as a critical intermediate in energy metabolism, can substitute the role of glutamate as a metabolic fuel and effectively reduce nitrogen excretion in pigs. First, the experiment in vitro was carried out to investigate the effects of culturing porcine small intestinal epithelial cell line with pyruvate on the oxidation. Then, barrows weighing 40 kg were used in the experiment investigating the changes of nitrogen balance in response to addition of pyruvate to low-protein diets. Last, barrows (40 kg), which were surgically fitted with permanent catheters in the mesenteric vein, portal vein, hepatic vein, and carotid artery, were used to investigate the effects of supplementing low-protein diets with calcium pyruvate on the net portal fluxes of amino acids (AAs) and the consumption of AAs in the liver. The results showed that culturing cells with sodium pyruvate significantly reduced the number of glutamate oxidation (P < 0.05). Addition of calcium pyruvate to low-protein diets significantly reduced urinary nitrogen excretion from 13.2 g/d (18.0% crude protein, CP) to 10.3 g/d (15.0% CP) or 7.80 g/d (13.5% CP) and total nitrogen excretion from 22.5 g/d (18.0% CP) to 17.8 g/d (15.0% CP) or 14.2 g/d (13.5% CP) (P < 0.05), without obviously negative effects on the nitrogen retention (P > 0.05). Addition of calcium pyruvate to low-protein diets significantly decreased essential AA consumption rate in the liver (P < 0.05). This diet modification reduced the net portal fluxes of NH3, glycine, and alanine, as well as urea production rate in the liver (P < 0.05). The results indicated that pyruvate is an effective substitute for glutamate as a supplement in low-protein diets, reducing porcine nitrogen excretion and nitrogen consumption. © The Author(s) 2018. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society of Animal Science. All rights reserved.
语种：
英文
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Low-Protein Diets Decrease Porcine Nitrogen Excretion but with Restrictive Effects on Amino Acid Utilization
作者：
Wu, Liuting;Zhang, Xiangxin;Tang, Zhiru;Li, Yunxia;Li, Tiejun;...
期刊：
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY ,2018年66(31):8262-8271 ISSN：0021-8561
通讯作者：
Sun, Zhihong;Yin, Yulong;Jiang, Qingyan;Zhu, Weiyun
作者机构：
[An, Rui; Sun, Jiajing; Zhen, Jifu; Wu, Zhaoliang; Li, Mao; Wu, Liuting; Sun, Zhihong; Tang, Zhiru; Xu, Qingqing; Zhang, Xiangxin; Chen, Cheng; Yang, Jing; Chen, Jinchao] Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lab Biofeed & Mol Nutr, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yunxia] Sichuan Agr Univ, Inst Anim Nutr, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Tiejun; Yin, Yulong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Feiruo] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Shengjun] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, Zhihong] S;[Yin, Yulong] C;[Jiang, Qingyan] H;[Zhu, Weiyun] N;Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lab Biofeed & Mol Nutr, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Ascorbic acid;Liver;Metabolism;Nitrogen;Proteins;Urea;Carotid artery;Crude proteins;Hepatic veins;Low protein diet;Nitrogen balance;Nitrogen excretion;Nitrogen retention;Urea production;Amino acids;amino acid;lysine;methionine;nitrogen;threonine;tryptophan;urea;animal;chemistry;diet;dietary supplement;feces;liver;male;metabolism;pig;protein restriction;urine;veterinary;viscera;Amino Acids;Animals;Diet;Diet, Protein-Restricted;Dietary Supplements;Feces;Liver;Lysine;Male;Methionine;Nitrogen;Sus scrofa;Threonine;Tryptophan;Urea;Viscera
摘要：
Reducing dietary crude protein (CP) intake effectively decreases nitrogen excretion in growing-finishing pigs but at the expense of poor growth when dietary CP content is reduced by ≥3%. In this study, we investigated the main disadvantages of low-protein diets supplemented with lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan in pigs. First, changes in the nitrogen balance in response to differences in dietary CP content (18%, 15%, and 13.5%) were investigated in barrows (40 kg). Then, barrows (40 kg) surgically fitted with catheters in the mesenteric vein, portal vein, hepatic vein, and carotid artery were used to investigate changes in amino acid (AA) metabolism in the portal-drained viscera and liver in response to differences in dietary CP content. The results showed that low-protein diets reduced fecal and urinary nitrogen excretion (P < 0.05) meanwhile resulted in significant decreases in nitrogen retention (P < 0.05). Moreover, a reduction in the dietary CP content from 18% to 13.5% resulted in decreases in the net portal fluxes of NH3, glycine, and alanine as well as in the urea production in the liver (P < 0.05), whereas their values as a percentage of nitrogen intake did not decline (P > 0.05). The net portal fluxes of nonessential AA (NEAA) were reduced in the low-protein diet groups (P < 0.05), while essential AA consumption in the liver increased (P < 0.05). Thus, low-protein diets result in reductions in both nitrogen excretion and retention, and NEAA deficiency may be a major disadvantage of low-protein diets. © 2018 American Chemical Society.
语种：
英文
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日粮代谢葡萄糖水平对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响
作者：
雷龙;李强;冯志;张丹丹;任莹;...
期刊：
中国畜牧杂志 ,2018年54(6):78-83 ISSN：0258-7033
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430023;通辽市科尔沁区畜牧工作站,内蒙古通辽,028000;[雷龙; 张丹丹; 李强; 冯志; 赵胜军; 任莹] 武汉轻工大学;[王立伟] 内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区畜牧工作站
关键词：
代谢葡萄糖;生长性能;血液生化指标;仔猪
摘要：
为研究断奶仔猪日粮代谢葡萄糖的适宜水平,本试验选择体重为5.5 kg左右的21日龄断奶仔猪30头,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组在断奶后1-14 d分别饲喂代谢葡萄糖水平为126.4、202.6、235.7、331.6、371.5 g/kg的5种日粮,在断奶后15-42 d分别饲喂代谢葡萄糖水平为37.6、132.5、300.0、354.3、412.5 g/kg的5种日粮,定期称重并记录采食量,颈静脉抽血检验。结果表明：Ⅱ组仔猪在2个阶段的日增重均显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ组（P〈0.05）,Ⅱ组饲料转化效率均显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组（P〈0.05）;断奶后1-14 d,Ⅰ组的总蛋白和白蛋白水平均显著高于Ⅲ组（P〈0.05）;断奶后15-42 d,Ⅲ组的总蛋白含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组（P〈0.05）,Ⅱ组的白蛋白含量显著高于日粮Ⅳ、Ⅴ组,Ⅴ组的尿酸含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组（P〈0.05）。本试验结果表明,日粮代谢葡萄糖水平会影响断奶仔猪生长性能以及血液生化指标,仔猪断奶后1-14 d,日粮代谢葡萄糖适宜水平为202.6-235.7 g/kg;仔猪断奶后15-42 d日粮代谢葡萄糖适宜水平为132.5-300.0 g/kg。
语种：
中文
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三叶白术汤口服液的遗传毒性试验
作者：
邓利斌;景俊年;赵胜军;肖希龙
期刊：
中国兽医杂志 ,2018年54(6):114-117 ISSN：0529-6005
作者机构：
中国农业大学动物医学院,北京海淀,100193;武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉,430023;[赵胜军] 武汉轻工大学;[景俊年; 邓利斌; 肖希龙] 中国农业大学
关键词：
遗传毒性;微核试验;Ames试验;染色体畸变
摘要：
为了解对三叶白术汤口服液的遗传毒性,为其安全性评价提供试验依据,进行了Ames试验（采用平板掺入法,每皿分别加入5 000、1 000、200、40、8μg）、中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞（CHL）染色体畸变试验（试验药物浓度分别为5 mg/mL、1. 67 mg/mL、0. 56 mg/mL三个剂量组）和小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验（分别以2 000、1 000、500 mg/kg·bw的剂量给小鼠灌胃）,3个遗传毒性试验均另设置阴性对照组和阳性对照组。结果显示,3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性。表明在此研究试验条件下,三叶白术汤口服液无遗传毒性。
语种：
中文
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体外法评定四种非常规饲料原料对山羊的营养价值
作者：
张慧;唐兴;冯志;李强;雷龙;...
期刊：
饲料工业 ,2018年39(13):29-33 ISSN：1001-991X
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉,430023;武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430023;[雷龙; 李强; 冯志; 唐兴; 赵胜军; 任莹; 张慧] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
小肠液冻干粉;山羊;有效降解率;饲料原料;营养价值
摘要：
试验旨在研究木薯淀粉渣、木薯柠檬酸渣、花生藤、甜叶菊渣四种非常规饲料原料在山羊小肠中的营养成分降解率。选用3头平均体重约为25 kg、体格强健、食欲良好、且已安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的山羊,收集其瘤胃非降解原料。采用单因素试验设计,设0、6、12 h和18 h四个时间点,每个处理时间点4个重复,每个培养瓶内放入0.56 g瘤胃非降解原料、0.45 g的山羊小肠液冻干粉和30 ml缓冲液。利用体外小肠液冻干粉法测定四种非常规饲料原料的干物质降解率、中性洗涤纤维降解率和粗蛋白降解率来评定其对反刍动物的营养价值。结果表明:木薯淀粉渣、木薯柠檬酸渣、花生藤、甜叶菊渣四种原料在山羊小肠液中发酵18 h干物质的降解率分别为50.41%、25.06%、38.25%、19.21%;中性洗涤纤维降解率分别14.25%、33.14%、28.88%、32.28%;粗蛋白降解率分别为16.56%、18.23%、25.86%、21.70%。综上所述,木薯淀粉渣、木薯柠檬酸渣、花生藤、甜叶菊渣这四种非常规饲料原料可以作为反刍动物的新型饲料资源加以推广利用,而且体外小肠液冻干粉法评定反刍动物饲料营养价值的可行性较好。
语种：
中文
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Activation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase by Sodium Dichloroacetate Shifts Metabolic Consumption from Amino Acids to Glucose in IPEC-J2 Cells and Intestinal Bacteria in Pigs
作者：
Rui An;Tang, Zhiru;Li, Yunxia;Li, Tiejun;Xu, Qingqing;...
期刊：
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY ,2018年66(15):3793-3800 ISSN：0021-8561
通讯作者：
Sun, Zhihong;Yin, Yulong;Jiang Qingyan;Zhu, Weiyun
作者机构：
[Sun, Jiajing; Zhen, Jifu; Wu, Zhaoliang; Rui An; Jing Yang; Wu, Liuting; Sun, Zhihong; Mao Li; Tang, Zhiru; Xu, Qingqing; Zhang, Xiangxin; Cheng Chen; Chen, Jinchao] Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lab Biofeed & Mol Nutr, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yunxia] Sichuan Agr Univ, Inst Anim Nutr, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Tiejun; Yin, Yulong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Huang, Feiru] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Shengjun] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, Zhihong] S;[Yin, Yulong] C;[Jiang Qingyan] H;[Zhu, Weiyun] N;Southwest Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Lab Biofeed & Mol Nutr, Chongqing 400715, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Amino acids;Ascorbic acid;Bacteria;Cells;Chemical activation;Cytology;Dichloroacetic acid;Mammals;Metabolism;Nutrients;Phosphorylation;Physiology;Sodium compounds;-glutamate;Dichloroacetate;Glucose consumption;Nutrient consumption;Oxidative metabolism;Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase;Pyruvates;Small interfering rna (siRNA);Glucose;amino acid;dichloroacetic acid;glucose;pyruvate dehydrogenase complex;pyruvic acid derivative;analysis;animal;bacterium;cell line;dietary supplement;drug effects;intestine;metabolism;microbiology;pig;Amino Acids;Animals;Bacteria;Cell Line;Dichloroacetic Acid;Dietary Supplements;Glucose;Intestines;Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex;Pyruvates;Swine
摘要：
The extensive metabolism of amino acids (AA) as fuel is an important reason for the low use efficiency of protein in pigs. In this study, we investigated whether regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK)/pyruvate dehydrogenase alpha 1 (PDHA1) pathway affected AA consumption by porcine intestinal epithelial (IPEC-J2) cells and intestinal bacteria in pigs. The effects of knockdown of PDHA1 and PDK1 with small interfering RNA (siRNA) on nutrient consumption by IPEC-J2 cells were evaluated. IPEC-J2 cells were then cultured with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) to quantify AA and glucose consumption and nutrient oxidative metabolism. The results showed that knockdown of PDHA1 using siRNA decreased glucose consumption but increased total AA (TAA) and glutamate (Glu) consumption by IPEC-J2 cells (P < 0.05). Opposite effects were observed using siRNA targeting PDK1 (P < 0.05). Additionally, culturing IPEC-J2 cells in the presence of 5 mM DCA markedly increased the phosphorylation of PDHA1 and PDH phosphatase 1, but inhibited PDK1 phosphorylation (P < 0.05). DCA treatment also reduced TAA and Glu consumption and increased glucose depletion (P < 0.05). These results indicated that PDH was the regulatory target for shifting from AA metabolism to glucose metabolism and that culturing cells with DCA decreased the consumption of AAs by increasing the depletion of glucose through PDH activation. © 2018 American Chemical Society.
语种：
英文
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酶解法测定常用饲料原料中淀粉的含量
作者：
雷龙;李强;冯志;方勇;张丹丹;...
期刊：
饲料工业 ,2017年38(8):59-61 ISSN：1001-991X
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉,430023;通辽市科尔沁畜牧工作站,内蒙古通辽,028000;武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430023;[方勇; 雷龙; 张丹丹; 李强; 冯志; 赵胜军; 任莹] 武汉轻工大学
关键词：
总淀粉;测定;酶水解;饲料
摘要：
文章详细介绍了一种利用酶解法测定总淀粉含量的方法,测定了几种饲料原料的淀粉含量,比较了酶解法和酸解法的测定结果,验证了酶解法测定淀粉的准确性,旨在为今后淀粉测定的研究提供参考.
语种：
中文
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回肠末端灌注VFA对断奶仔猪粪便VFA排出量的影响
作者：
冯志;雷龙;李强;张丹丹;任莹;...
期刊：
中国饲料 ,2017年(17):14-17 ISSN：1004-3314
作者机构：
武汉轻工大学动物营养与饲料科学湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430023;动物营养与饲料安全湖北省协同创新中心,湖北武汉430023;通辽市科尔沁区畜牧工作站,内蒙古通辽,028000;[雷龙; 张丹丹; 李强; 冯志; 赵胜军; 任莹] 武汉轻工大学;[王立伟] 内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区畜牧工作站
关键词：
挥发性脂肪酸;排出量;断奶仔猪
摘要：
为研究挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）产生量与粪便VFA排出量的关系,本试验选取25日龄的平均体重为（6.48±0.71）kg的三元杂交断奶仔猪（杜×长×大）20头,安装"T"型回肠瘘管,术后1周,将断奶仔猪随机分成4个处理组,每个处理组5个重复。分别从回肠瘘管处灌注不同水平（约为大肠VFA估测产生量的25%、50%、75%和100%）VFA。同时收集断奶仔猪的粪便,用于测定粪便中VFA的排出量。结果表明:灌注组丙酸、乳酸的排出量均显著高于未灌注组（P<0.05）,但不同的灌注水平对丙酸排出量无显著影响（P>0.05）。与对照组相比,灌注水平为25%、50%、75%和100%组的丙酸排出量分别提高了85.3%、67.2%、48.6%和49.2%（P<0.05）。灌注水平为75%时,乳酸排出量较25%、50%灌注水平组分别提高173.8%和44.9%（P<0.05）;灌注水平为100%时,乳酸排出量较灌注水平25%组显著提高118.4%（P<0.05）。各组间乙酸和丁酸排出量差异不显著（P>0.05）。在本试验条件下,灌注VFA对粪中丙酸、乳酸的排出量有显著影响,对乙酸、丁酸无显著影响。
语种：
中文
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Dietary supplementation of branched-chain amino acids increases muscle net amino acid fluxes through elevating their substrate availability and intramuscular catabolism in young pigs
作者：
Zheng, Liufeng;Zuo, Fangrui;Zhao, Shengjun;He, Pingli;Wei, Hongkui;...
期刊：
British Journal of Nutrition ,2017年117(7):911-922 ISSN：0007-1145
通讯作者：
Peng, Jian
作者机构：
[Zheng, Liufeng; Zuo, Fangrui; Wei, Hongkui; Xiang, Quanhang; Pang, Jiaman; Peng, Jian] Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Shengjun] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Dept Feed Sci, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[He, Pingli] China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Wei, Hongkui; Peng, Jian] Cooperat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Pig Prod, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Peng, Jian] H;[Peng, Jian] C;Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;Cooperat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Pig Prod, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Branched-chain amino acids;Young pigs;Hindlimb muscle;Net amino acid fluxes;Metabolomic profiling
摘要：
<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have been clearly demonstrated to have anabolic effects on muscle protein synthesis. However, little is known about their roles in the regulation of net AA fluxes across skeletal muscle <jats:italic>in vivo</jats:italic>. This study was aimed to investigate the effect and related mechanisms of dietary supplementation of BCAA on muscle net amino acid (AA) fluxes using the hindlimb flux model. In all fourteen 4-week-old barrows were fed reduced-protein diets with or without supplemental BCAA for 28 d. Pigs were implanted with carotid arterial, femoral arterial and venous catheters, and fed once hourly with intraarterial infusion of <jats:italic>p</jats:italic>-amino hippurate. Arterial and venous plasma and muscle samples were obtained for the measurement of AA, branched-chain <jats:italic>α</jats:italic>-keto acids (BCKA) and 3-methylhistidine (3-MH). Metabolomes of venous plasma were determined by HPLC-quadrupole time-of-flight-MS. BCAA-supplemented group showed elevated muscle net fluxes of total essential AA, non-essential AA and AA. As for individual AA, muscle net fluxes of each BCAA and their metabolites (alanine, glutamate and glutamine), along with those of histidine, methionine and several functional non-essential AA (glycine, proline and serine), were increased by BCAA supplementation. The elevated muscle net AA fluxes were associated with the increase in arterial and intramuscular concentrations of BCAA and venous metabolites including BCKA and free fatty acids, and were also related to the decrease in the intramuscular concentration of 3-MH. Correlation analysis indicated that muscle net AA fluxes are highly and positively correlated with arterial BCAA concentrations and muscle net BCKA production. In conclusion, supplementing BCAA to reduced-protein diet increases the arterial concentrations and intramuscular catabolism of BCAA, both of which would contribute to an increase of muscle net AA fluxes in young pigs.</jats:p>
语种：
英文
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