摘要：
The rhizome of P. japonicus var. major, one of the important herbs in Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been used as tonic and hemostatic drugs in Tujia and Miao ethnic groups of China for thousand years. In this study, comparative metabolite and transcriptome analysis of rhizome nodes and internodes of wild P. japonicus var. major was performed to reveal their different roles in the biosynthesis of triterpene saponins. The results showed that the node was the crucial section for the synthesis of ginsenosides in the rhizome. The content of oleanane-type ginsenosides in the node was much higher than those in the internode. Most isoprenoid biosynthesis-related genes were highly expressed in the node. And, candidate UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) genes were also found to be differentially expressed between node and internode. Our study will provide a better understanding of the metabolism of ginsenosides in the rhizome of P. japonicus var. major.
摘要：
Wolfiporia cocos is an important medicinal and edible fungus that grows in association with pine trees, and its dried sclerotium has been used as a traditional medicine in China for centuries. However, the commercial production of W. cocos sclerotia is currently limited by shortages in pine wood resources. Since protein phosphatases (PPs) play significant roles in growth, signal transduction, development, metabolism, sexual reproduction, cell cycle, and environmental stress responses in fungi, the phosphatome of W. cocos was analyzed in this study by identifying PP genes, studying transcript profiles and assigning PPs to orthologous groups. Fifty-four putative PP genes were putatively identified in W. cocos genome based on homologous sequences searching using BLASTx program against the Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium graminearum, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum databases. Based on known and presumed functions of orthologues of these PP genes found in other fungi, the putative roles of these W. cocos PPs in colonization, hyphal growth, sclerotial formation, secondary metabolism, and stress tolerance to environment were discussed in this study. And the level of transcripts from PP genes in the mycelium and sclerotium stages was also analyzed by qRT-PCR. Our study firstly identified and functional discussed the phosphatome in the medicinal and edible fungus W. cocos. The data from our study contribute to a better understanding of PPs potential roles in various cellar processes of W. cocos, and systematically provide comprehensive and novel insights into W. cocos economically important traits that could be extended to other fungi.
摘要：
采用药用植物全球产地适宜性信息系统(geographic information system for global medicinal plants,GMPGIS)结合最大熵模型(maximum entropy model,MaxEnt)软件对渐危药用植物刺五加进行全球产地适宜区分析,依据刺五加主要生态因子年均温、最热季均温、最冷季均温、年降水量、年平均湿度、年均日照的阈值范围,结合冗余分析RDA评估主产区刺五加紫丁香苷含量与主要生态因子之间的关联性,综合得出与刺五加有效成分含量紧密相关的生态因子。中国、俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜为刺五加的主产区,该药用植物在全球潜在适宜区分布于美国、加拿大、乌克兰、罗马尼亚、匈牙利和德国等22个国家;在中国境内,黑龙江、吉林、辽宁为刺五加原主产区,河北、山西、陕西及四川等省区可考虑引种扩种;RDA分析结果表明年均湿度、降水、温度为影响刺五加紫丁香苷含量的主要生态因子,并且在一定范围与含量呈正相关。本研究结果为刺五加适宜区的合理规划与资源再生提供参考依据。
期刊：
CURRENT PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS,2017年13(3):289-295 ISSN：1573-4129
通讯作者：
Zhang, Qing-Wen
作者机构：
[Wang, Chun-Ming; Lu, Jin-Jian; Lin, Li-Gen; Zhang, Qing-Wen; Wu, Qiu-Shuang] Univ Macau, Inst Chinese Med Sci, State Key Lab Qual Res Chinese Med, Macau, Peoples R China.;[Chen, Ping] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Qing-Wen] Univ Macau, Fac Inst Chinese Med Sci, Dept State Key Lab Qual Res Chinese Med, Macau, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhang, Qing-Wen] U;Univ Macau, Inst Chinese Med Sci, State Key Lab Qual Res Chinese Med, Macau, Peoples R China.;Univ Macau, Fac Inst Chinese Med Sci, Dept State Key Lab Qual Res Chinese Med, Macau, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Panax japonicus C. A. meyer;Panacis Japonici Rhizoma;QASM;triterpenoid saponins;quantification.
摘要：
Background: As the Panacis Japonici Rhizoma contains high content of saponins and most of the major saponins in this herb contain 2 to 4 units of saccharide, which made them very difficult to be purified in normal or reversed phase column chromatography. Method: In this study, all analyses were performed on an Agilent 1200 series HPLC instrument and a Waters 2695 liquid chromatography. Both an Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (4.6 mmx150 mm, 5μm) and an Agilent Eclipse Plus C18 column (4.6 mmx150 mm, 5 μm) were used. The mobile phase consisted of water containing 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (pH 2.3) (A) and acetonitrile (B). The saponins were monitored at 203 nm. Result: Chikusetsusaponin IVa was used as the internal constituent to calculate the relative correction factors (RCF) with other five constituents, respectively. The results showed that RCFs of all compounds with good reproducibility (RSD<5.0%) were obtained on different chromatography instruments. The content of the other five constituents was calculated with the RCF and the external standard (ES) method, respectively. Comparing the results obtained by these two methods, the QAMS is found to have no statistically significant difference as verified by the relative error < 2% and p > 0.05 of the paired t-test. Conclusion: The QAMS method established in this research for simultaneous determination of the six triterpenoid saponins including ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Rb1, chikusetsusaponin V, pseudoginsenoside RT1, chikusetsusaponin IV and chikusetsusaponin IVa is simple and feasible to evaluate the quality of Panacis Japonici Rhizoma.
摘要：
Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (Zhu-Jie-Shen in Chinese), the root of P. japonicus C.A. Mey., is commonly used in traditional Chinese Medicine. Saponins are the major bioactive compounds in this herb. The similarity of polarity and structure of the natural products in herb caused the difficulty of purification and resulted in the shortage and high cost of the reference compounds, which has greatly hindered efforts toward quantification in quality control. A novel strategy using a standardized reference fraction for qualification of the major saponins in Panacis Japonici Rhizoma was proposed to easily and effectively control the quality of PJR. The strategy is feasible and reliable, and the methodology of the developed approach is also validated. The standardized reference fraction was used for quantification, which might solve the shortage of the pure reference compounds in the quality control of herbal medicines.
摘要：
A facile and efficient method for the synthesis of N-substituted isoindolin-1-one derivatives from 2-formylbenzoic acid and amine under Pd(OAc)(2)/HCOOH system has been described. The whole process is carried out in ligand-free conditions and furnished the desired products by reductive intramolecular cyclization. Furthermore, this procedure is applied successfully for the modification of natural products, such as vindoline and estrone. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Background: Panacis Japonici Rhizoma (PJR) is one of the most famous Chinese medical herbs that is known for exhibiting potential anti-cancer effects. Purpose: This study aims to isolate and investigate the anti-cancer potential of saponins from PJR in ovarian cancer cells. Methods: The compounds were separated by comprehensive chromatographic methods. By comparison of the 1H- and 13C NMR data, as well as the HR-ESI-MS data, with the corresponding references, the structures of compounds were determined. MTT assay was performed to evaluate cell viability, along with flow cytometry for cell cycle analysis. JC-1 staining, Annexin V-PI double staining as well as Hoechst 33; 342 staining were used for detecting cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was conducted to determine the relative protein level. Transwell assays were performed to investigate the effect of the saponin on cell migration and invasion and zymography experiments were used to detect the enzymatic activities. Results: Eleven saponins were isolated from PJR and their anti-proliferative effects were evaluated in human ovarian cancer cells. Chikusetsusaponin IVa methyl ester (1) exhibited the highest anti-proliferative potential among these isolates with the IC50 values at less than 10 mu M in both ovarian cancer A2780 and HEY cell lines. Compound 1 induced G1 cell cycle arrest accompanied with an S phase decrease, and down-regulated the expression of cyclin D1, CDK2, and CDK6. Further study showed that compound 1 effectively decreased the cell mitochondrial membrane potential, increased the annexin V positive cells and nuclear chromatin condensation, as well as enhanced the expression of cleaved PARP, Bax and cleavedcaspase 3 while decreasing that of Bcl-2. Moreover, compound 1 suppressed the migration and invasion of HEY and A2780 cells, down-regulated the expression of Cdc42, Rac, RohA, MMP2 and MMP9, and decreased the enzymatic activities of MMP2 and MMP9. Conclusion: These results provide a comprehensive evaluation of compound 1 as a potential agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer. (C) 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from Rhizoma Panacis Majoris (the rhizomes of Panax japonicas C. A. Mey. var. major (Burk.) C. Y. Wu et K. M. Feng) (RPMP), a well-known Chinese traditional medicine. In order to obtain the optimal processing parameters, a three-variable Box-Behnken designs (BBD) were applied for experimental designs. RSM analysis indicated the good correspondence between experimental and predicted values, the optimal conditions for the yield of polysaccharides were as follows: the ultrasound time is 31.15 min, extraction temperature is 92.50 degrees C, and the ratio of water to raw material is 40 mL/g. The maximum value (13.87 +/- 0.16%) of the yield of polysaccharides was obtained under these optimal conditions. The molecular weight (M-W) was determined to be 1.48 x 10(5)(+/- 0.39%) Da by HPSEC-MALLS-RID chromatography system. FT-IR spectra demonstrated obvious characteristic peaks of polysaccharides. The antioxidant activities of RPMP were investigated including scavenging activity of hydrogen radicals, ABTS radicals, and free radicals of superoxide anion in vitro, and the results exhibited that RPMP had a good potential for antioxidant. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Wolfiporia cocos Ryvarden et Gilbertson, a well-known medicinal fungus in the Basidiomycetes, is widely distributed in East Asia. Its dried sclerotium, which is known as Fuling in China, has been used as a traditional crude drug in Chinese traditional medicine for thousand years. However, little is known about how the sclerotium is developed at the genetic level. In this study, the de novo sequencing of sclerotia of W. cocos (S1_initial stage; S2_developmental stage and S3_mature stage) was carried out by illumina HiSeq 2000 technology. 27,438 unigenes were assembled from similar to 30 Gbp raw data, and 12,093 unigenes were significantly annotated. The analysis of expression profiles during development returned 304 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were clustered into four different groups according to their expression trends. Especially for the maturation stage (S3), the sclerotium exhibited a markedly different expression profile from other stages. We further showed that peroxisome, unsaturation of fatty acids and degradation pathway were respectively prevalent in Sl, S2 and S3 stages as evidenced by enrichment analysis. To our knowledge, this study represents the first report of sclerotial development transcriptomics in W cocos. The obtained results provide novel insights into the developmental biology of the sclerotia, which is helpful for future studies about cultivation and breeding of W. cocos. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Wolfiporia cocos, a well-known medicinal fungus, has been widely used in China and other Asian countries due to its various therapeutic value. In this study, genetic diversity among 22 Chinese W. cocos cultivars were assessed using phenotypic traits and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR). The results demonstrated that a total of 686 bands were amplified by 17 selected primers, 81.9 % of which were found to be polymorphic. Genetic distance was from 1.05 to 7.62 (physiological characters), and the similarity coefficients were from 0.63 to 0.82 (ISSR). Both methods were effective in differentiating among strains. The unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrogram classified the 22 strains into six major groups. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the cultivated germplasm of W. cocos in China were rich in genetic diversity. The results of this study has contributed substantially to our knowledge of W. cocos genetic diversity and also provides a theoretical basis of use and conservation for W. cocos resource and breeding.
关键词：
Chinese traditional medicine;Ethanol (CID: 702);Formaldehyde (CID: 712);Habitat;Panax japonicus;Resource distribution
摘要：
Ethnopharmacological relevance: Panax japonicus, the perennial herb in the Araliaceae family, was used as the natural medicinal herb by Chinese traditional doctors for more than thousand years. Its rhizome was mainly used as a tonic, anti-inflammatory and hemostatic agent in China. Most of the therapeutic effects of P. japonicus had been reported due to the presence of tetracyclic or pentacyclic triterpene saponins. Volatile oil, polysaccharides and amino acids had also been found in P. japonicus species and reported in the pharmacological functions. Aim of the study: A three-year survey was conducted to determine the current resource status of P. japonicus (T.Nees) C. A. Mey and its varieties (P. japonicus var. major (Burkill) C.Y.Wu & Feng and P. japonicus var. bipinnatifidus (Seem.) C.Y.Wu & Feng) in 10 provinces of southern and southwestern China. Methods and results: Whole plants were sampled at 64 sites. Resource distribution, habitat type, morphological variation and market trend of them were studied and discussed. The natural resource in China is rarely available due to extensive exploitation and continual environment deterioration in recent decades, Abundance of P. japonicus was much lower than previous records, mainly found in Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan province. Wild resources of P.japonicus var. major and Pjaponicus var. bipinnatifidus were even scarcer, only found in Guizhou and Yunan province. Despite their dramatic rise of market trend, the artificial cultivation of them was still not fully developed in China, but progressed rapidly in Hubei province. Conclusion: In this study, we synthesized our understandings of the current resource state of P. japonicus's existence, variation and cultivation in China. This study will aid further investigations and increased protection of these plants, which are very valuable to traditional herbal medicine. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
