期刊：
Russian Journal of Genetics,2012年48(10):1029-1034 ISSN：1022-7954
通讯作者：
Xie, J. Y.
作者机构：
[Xie, J. Y.] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Xie, J. Y.] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Freshwater Lake;Taihu Lake;Discriminant Function Analysis;Yellow Perch;Chaohu Lake
摘要：
Population structure of the important commercial fish, Coilia ectenes, was investigated in samples from three freshwater lakes in the Eastern China using a multivariate approach of morphometrics and mitochondrial DNA control region sequencing. A total of eighteen morphological distances of truss method and eight morphometric variables were taken from each fish. Multivariate analyses of the morphometric data revealed significant morphological differences among the three lake populations, especially for those samples from Taihu Lake. Discriminant functions were used to compare sites, and these permitted an 83% success rate in distinguishing fish from the three sites. However, no obviously geographical differentiation was found among those populations of C. ectenes based on the genetic data. In the AMOVA analysis, only 2.2% genetic variability came from different populations, and most of them were present within the sub-populations. Experience a recent population expansion and some movement of fish among those areas, quite possibly enough to bring about relative genetic homogeneity, but there is insufficient to prevent the three populations from differing phenotypically. The diversified environmental factors may be playing an important role in shaping morphological variations among those populations.
摘要：
Bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic additive used to harden polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resin, is ubiquitous in our everyday environment. Many studies have indicated detrimental effects of BPA on the mammalian reproductive abilities. This study is aimed to test the potential effects of BPA on methylation of imprinted genes during oocyte growth and meiotic maturation in CD-1 mice. Our results demonstrated that BPA exposure resulted in hypomethylation of imprinted gene Igf2r and Peg3 during oocyte growth, and enhanced estrogen receptor (ER) expression at the levels of mRNA and protein. The relationship between ER expression and imprinted gene hypomethylation was substantiated using an ER inhibitor, ICI182780. In addition, BPA promoted the primordial to primary follicle transition, thereby speeding up the depletion of the primordial follicle pool, and suppressed the meiotic maturation of oocytes because of abnormal spindle assembling in meiosis I. In conclusion, neonatal exposure to BPA inhibits methylation of imprinted genes during oogenesis via the ER signaling pathway in CD-1 mice.
关键词：
Capsaicin;Intracellular second messenger;Nociceptors;Pain;TRPV1 receptor
摘要：
Intracellular second messengers play an important role in capsaicin- and analogous-induced sensitization and desensitization in pain. Fluorescence Ca2+ imaging, enzyme immunoassay and PKC assay kit were used to determine a novel mechanism of different Ca2+ dependency in the signal transduction of capsaicin-induced desensitization. On the average, capsaicin increased cAMP, cGMP concentration and SP release in bell-shaped concentration-dependent manner, with the maximal responses at concentrations around 1 mu M, suggesting acute desensitization of TRPV1 receptor activation. Capsaicin-induced intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+](i)) increase depended on extracellular Ca2+ influx as an initial trigger. The Ca2+ influx by capsaicin increased PKC activation and SP release. These increases were completely abolished in Ca2+-free solution, suggesting that the modulation of capsaicin on PKC and SP are Ca2+-dependent. Interestingly, the maximal cAMP increase by TRPV1 activation was not blocked Ca2+ removal, suggesting at least in part a Ca2+-independent pathway is involved. Further study showed that cAMP increase was totally abolished by G-protein and adenylate cyclase (AC) antagonist, suggesting a G-protein-dependent pathway in cAMP increase. However, SP release was blocked by inhibiting PKC, but not G-protein or AC, suggesting a G-protein independent pathway in SP release. These results suggest that both Ca2+-dependent and independent mechanisms are involved in the regulation of capsaicin on second messengers systems, which could be a novel mechanism underlying distinct desensitization of capsaicin and might provide additional opportunities in the development of effective analgesics in pain treatment. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
期刊：
Journal of Theoretical Biology,2012年310:249-256 ISSN：0022-5193
通讯作者：
Dai, Jianghong
作者机构：
[Dai, Jianghong] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Dai, Jianghong] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Coll Resources & Environm, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.;[Dai, Jianghong] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, 68 S Xuefu Rd, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Dai, Jianghong] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, 68 S Xuefu Rd, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
1,6-anhydro bond of sugar;Cell wall;DNA sulfur modification;Peptidoglycan;Thermochemical process
摘要：
Hydrothermal vents, in particular, alkaline submarine vents, are potential systems for the origin of life. Early hydrothermal vents may have imprinted on biochemical processes and housekeeping proteins of life and have hallmarked key molecules. This essay introduces new information to this discussion by focusing on newly identified sulfur-modified DNA and a heretofore ignored anhydro bond of the cell wall peptidoglycan in bacteria. It is suggested that they are novel molecular fossils that are relevant to the settings of alkaline submarine vents and harbor clues of early life. As DNA and the cell wall are bound up with genetic information and the integrity of cell, respectively, these two molecular fossils may provide insights into hydrothermal origin of life from a new angle.
摘要：
Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction conditions of polysaccharides from the rhizomes of Panax japonicus C.A. Meyer. A three-level, three-variable Box-Behnken design (BBD) was applied for experimental design and analyzed of the results to obtain the optimal processing parameters. RSM analysis indicated good correspondence between experimental and predicted values. The optimal condition for the yield of polysaccharide was extraction time 3.74 h, extraction temperature 93.90 degrees C and ratio of water to raw material 40.22. Polysaccharide was analyzed by chemical methods and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR). IR spectra indicated the presence of uronic acids and a-pyranose of the glucose residue. The antioxidant activities of Panax japonicus polysaccharides (PJP) were investigated including scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and free radicals of superoxide anion in vitro. The results of antioxidant activity exhibited PJP had a good potential for antioxidant. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
摘要：
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic environmental toxin widely used for the production of plastics. Frequent human exposure to this chemical has been proposed to be a potential public health risk. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of BPA on germ cell cyst breakdown and primordial follicle formation. Pregnant mice were treated with BPA at doses of 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.08 mg/kg body weight/day from 12.5 day postcoitum. BPA was delivered orally to pregnant female mice. A dose-response relationship was observed with increased BPA exposure level associated with more oocytes in germ cell cyst and less primordial follicle at postnatal day 3 (P < 0.01). Progression to meiosis prophase I of oocytes was delayed in the 0.08 mg/kg bw/day treated group (P < 0.01). Decreased mRNA expression of specific meiotic genes including Stra8, Dmc1, Rec8 and Scp3 were observed. In conclusion, BPA exposure can affect the formation of primordial follicle by inhibiting meiotic progression of oocytes.
通讯机构：
[Wang, Xiaoyun] S;Sun Yat Sen Univ, Zhongshan Sch Med, Dept Parasitol, Guangzhou 510275, Guangdong, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Recombinant proteins;Enzyme-linked immunoassays;Immune response;Clonorchis sinensis;Antibodies;Eggs;Tegument proteins;Vaccine development
摘要：
Human clonorchiasis has been increasingly prevalent in recent years and results in a threat to the public health in epidemic regions, motivating current strategies of vaccines to combat Clonorchis sinensis (C. sinensis). In this study, we identified C. sinensis paramyosin (CsPmy) from the cyst wall proteins of metacercariae by proteomic approaches and characterized the expressed recombinant pET-26b-CsPmy protein (101 kDa). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that full-length sequences of paramyosin are conserved in helminthes and numerous B-cell/T-cell epitopes were predicted in amino acid sequence of CsPmy. Western blot analysis showed that CsPmy was expressed at four life stages of C. sinensis, both cyst wall proteins and soluble tegumental components could be probed by anti-CsPmy serum. Moreover, immunolocalization results revealed that CsPmy was specifically localized at cyst wall and excretory bladder of metacercaria, as well as the tegument, oral sucker and vitellarium of adult worm. Both immunoblot and immunolocalization results demonstrated that CsPmy was highly expressed at the stage of adult worm, metacercariae and cercaria, which could be supported by real-time PCR analysis. Both recombinant protein and nucleic acid of CsPmy showed strong immunogenicity in rats and induced combined Th1/Th2 immune responses, which were reflected by continuous high level of antibody titers and increased level of IgG1/IgG2a subtypes in serum. In vaccine trials, comparing with control groups, both CsPmy protein and DNA vaccine exhibited protective effect with significant worm reduction rate of 54.3% (p<0.05) and 36.1% (p<0.05), respectively. In consistence with immune responses in sera, elevated level of cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-4 in splenocytes suggested that CsPmy could induce combined cellular immunity and humoral immunity in host. Taken together, CsPmy could be a promising vaccine candidate in the prevention of C. sinensis regarding its high immunogenicity and surface localization.
摘要：
The occurrences of Bacillus cereus group strains in 40 ice cream samples were investigated. Among 109 isolated B. cereus group strains confirmed by 16S rDNA sequence analysis only 50 were identified as B. cereus and one as B. thuringiensis by using FDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) standard, indicating the two identification standards were highly inconsistent. Furthermore, the psychrotolerant growth properties and the occurrence of specific psychrotolerant genes of the isolates were also studied. Both psychrotolerant 16S rDNA fragments and enterotoxic genes could be detected among mesophilic and psychrotolerant strains. No relationship among psychrotolerance, presence of psychrotolerant 16S rDNA fragments and enterotoxic genes were found and the specific cspA fragment was only detected in a small fraction (9.5%) of the psychrotolerant isolates. One psychrotolerant isolate Bw2-1 was identified as B. weihenstephanensis, but no clear distinguishing characteristics between B. weihenstephanensis and psychrotolerant B. cereus were found. These results might be of importance for gaining further understanding of the growth properties of B. weihenstephanensis and psychrotolerant B. cereus as well as their contribution to food poisoning.
