摘要：
目的:分析发表在中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI）上的关于我国胃癌患者照顾者研究的发展动态,为今后的深入研究提供参考。方法:以中国知网（CNKI）为数据来源,选择知网下的文献数据库,在输入检索条件下的"主题"字段输入"胃癌"或者"照顾者",在"篇名"字段输入"照顾者"或者"家属","主题"与"篇名"之间用"并且"连接,选择"模糊"词频进行检索,对检索到的第一作者为中国大陆的文献进行分析。结果:共检索出65篇文献,选择符合纳入条件的21篇文献进行研究分析。结论:来自全国各地的研究者都越来越关注胃癌患者的照顾者,其中以描述性研究居多。在今后的研究中应该进一步拓展相关研究的广度与深度,探讨某种合适又高效的干预方式对照顾者进行干预后以达到提高患者的生活质量、促进医患关系和谐的目的。
关键词：
Associating factors;Pregnant women;Urinary metal concentrations
摘要：
Pregnant women, a vulnerable population, can be exposed to a variety of environmental metals that may adversely affect their health at elevated concentrations. Moreover, environmental exposure and risk disparities are associated with several factors such as sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and nutritional supplementation indicators. Our aim was to investigate whether and how the urinary metal concentrations vary according to these factors in a large pregnancy and birth cohort. Urinary levels of seven metals including manganese, zinc, selenium, arsenic, cadmium, thallium, and lead were assessed in 7359 participants across Wuhan City in China. In all, 7359 urine samples from the third trimester were analyzed and 15 sociodemographic characteristics, pregnancy complications, and nutritional supplementation indicators were assessed: maternal age, household income, multivitamin supplements during pregnancy, etc. Concentrations of Zn, As, and Cd were detected in all urine samples; Mn, Se, Tl, and Pb were detected in 95.3%, 99.8%, 99.8%, and 99.9% urine samples, respectively. The geometric mean (GM) of creatinine-adjusted urinary Mn, Zn, Se, As, Cd, Tl, and Pb concentrations were 1.42, 505.44, 18.24, 30.49, 0.64, 0.55, and 3.69 mug/g. Factors that associated with environmental metals concentration were as follows: (1) Urinary Zn and Cd concentrations increased with maternal age. (2) Pregnant women with higher education had lower Cd concentrations. (3) Pregnant women with folic acid supplementation had lower Mn and with multivitamin supplementation had higher Se and lower Tl. Our results demonstrated that the maternal age, education level, folic acid supplementation, and multivitamin supplementation were significantly associated with environmental metal concentrations. Furthermore, studies are recommended to explore the influence of diet on biological metals concentrations in more detail.
摘要：
Nowadays, an effective teaching platform is an important factor in the distance education. In the paper, the structure and functional modules of the teaching platform system based on web technology is studied comprehensively, and these functional modules of the teaching platform is introduced in detail. And the implementation process of the main technical and design principles is generated in the paper. The platform has some function of management and teaching in the education based on multi-layer structure.
摘要：
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) is an important regulator of glucose and lipid homeostasis. However, the exact role of FXR in diabetes remains to be fully elucidated. The present study examined the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), an agonist of FXR, on metabolism profile in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Male Wistar rats (8-week-old; n=40) were randomized into the following four groups (n=10): Untreated control, CDCA-treated, T2DM, and CDCA-treated T2DM. To establish the T2DM model, the rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 4 weeks and received a single low-dose intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg), followed by an additional 4 weeks of HFD feeding. CDCA was administrated (10 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally for 10 days. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assays were performed to determine the RNA and protein expression of FXR, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, G6Pase, proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 and short heterodimer partner in rat liver tissue. The results revealed that FXR activation by CDCA did not reduce body weight, but it lowered the plasma levels of fasting glucose, insulin and triglycerides in the T2DM rats. CDCA administration reversed the downregulation of the mRNA and protein expression of FXR in the T2DM rat liver tissue samples. Furthermore, treatment with CDCA reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, glucose 6-phosphatase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 in the liver tissue samples of the T2DM rats. By contrast, CDCA treatment increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of short heterodimer partner in the liver tissue samples of the T2DM rats. In conclusion, FXR agonist treatment induces beneficial effects on metabolism in the rat T2DM model. In conclusion, the present study indicated that the FXR agonist may be useful for the treatment of T2DM and hypertriglyceridemia.
