摘要：
Thermosonication (TS) is an unconventional processing technique that modifies the structure and aggregation of proteins to improve their functional properties. In this study, we investigated the effect of TS at 40 degrees C, 60 degrees C, and 80 degrees C on the emulsification properties of glycinin (11S). The findings revealed that TS reduced the size of the protein particles while increasing their surface hydrophobicity index to 8177.83. TS treatment improved the stability of the emulsion, increasing the interfacial protein content, apparent viscosity, and emulsion stability, while reducing the adsorption pressure of 11S at the oil-water interface. After TS treatment at 80 degrees C followed by storage at 4 degrees C for 21 d, the emulsion turbiscan stability index (TSI) value (2.5) remained stable. By altering the adsorption characteristics of 11S at the oil-water interface, TS can increase the stability of the produced emulsion.
摘要：
Lycopene ameliorates early hepatic fibrosis induced by co‐exposure to zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and aflatoxin B1 via inhibiting suppression of CYP2E1‐mediated oxidative injury and mitochondrial damage. Scope Mycotoxins co‐contamination of agricultural products poses a serious threat to human and animal health, especially hepatic dysfunction. Zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are three commonly co‐occurring mycotoxins. This study is to determine whether lycopene (LYC) can alleviate hepatic toxicity induced by the co‐occurrence of ZEN, DON, and AFB1 in mice. Methods and results Eighty 6‐week‐old male ICR mice are divided into four groups: CON group (solvent control), LYC group (10 mg kg−1 LYC), Co‐M group (10 mg kg−1 ZEN + 1 mg kg−1 DON + 0.5 mg kg−1 AFB1), and LYC+Co‐M group (10 mg kg−1 LYC + 10 mg kg−1 ZEN + 1 mg kg−1 DON + 0.5 mg kg−1 AFB1). The results show that LYC can suppress the co‐occurrence of mycotoxin‐induced mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization accompanied by dysregulation of indices of mitochondrial dynamics (Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), Mfn2, Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), Dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), Fission 1 (Fis1) at the mRNA level; DRP1 and FIS1 at the protein level). LYC effectively inhibits co‐occurrence of mycotoxin‐induced activation of Cytochrome P450 2E1, and early fibrosis, as determined by staining with Masson's trichrome and α‐SMA protein. Conclusion LYC successfully attenuates early hepatic fibrosis mainly through antioxidant activities and prevented mitochondrial injury.
摘要：
The scarcity and increase in the price of animal feeds have attracted the attention of nutritionists to address this issue. The inclusion of plant extracts and enzymes to protein-reduced diet could be a feasible strategy to reducing the feed cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of Yucca schidigera extract and multi-carbohydrase in low crude protein (CP) diets of broiler on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass metrics, and noxious gas levels in the excreta. A total of 480, 1-d-old ROSS 308 were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments, six replication, and 20 birds/cage. Phase 1, T1(CP 21%, ME 2,969 kcal/kg); T2 (CP 19%, ME 2,863 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 17%, ME 2,865 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T4 (CP 17%, ME 2,861 kcal/ kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% multi-carbohydrase). Phase 2, T1 (CP 19%, ME 3,086 kcal/kg); T2 (CP 17%, ME 2,977 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T4 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% 0.1% multi-carbohydrase). Although the addition of YS and multi-carbohydrase to the low CP diets on the growth performance did not improve, it revealed the positive result on the nutrient digestibility, carcass parameters, and noxious gas emission. Overall, broilers supplemented with YS 0.02% and multi-carbohydrase (0.1%) demonstrated the best production performances compared to the other treatment groups. Thus, a combination of YS and multi-carbohydrase could be added to the diets with low CP to boost broiler production performance.
摘要：
Maternal obesity is associated with disturbance of lipid metabolism and obesity in offspring; however, the pathogenesis is still unclear. The present study elucidated the role of potential lipid metabolism-associated long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and identified the pathways involved in mice born to obese dams. In the present study, maternal obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet for 10 weeks in female C57/BL6 mice, whereas control mice were fed a standard diet. All female mice mated with healthy male mice and were allowed to deliver spontaneously. The results demonstrated that female offspring from obese dams presented a tendency to become overweight in the first 8 weeks after birth; however, maternal obesity did not significantly alter the body weight of male offspring. RNA-sequencing analysis was performed on female offspring liver at 3 weeks old. Significantly dysregulated lncRNAs and downstream targets in female offspring liver were identified using bioinformatics analysis. lncRNA, microRNA (miRNA or miR) and mRNA expression levels in liver and AML12 cells were assessed using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. A total of 8 upregulated and 17 downregulated lncRNAs were demonstrated in offspring from obese dams and lncRNA Lockd was indicated to be a key dysregulated lncRNA. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) models suggested that the lncRNA Lockd/miR-582-5p/Elovl5 pathway was key for lipid metabolism in the liver of offspring from obese dams. Finally, small interfering RNA and miRNA inhibitor transfection was used to evaluate the ceRNA models in AML12 cells. Taken together, the results of the present study indicated that lncRNA Lockd-miR-582-5p-Elovl5 network may be disrupted in lipid metabolism and lead to obesity in the offspring of obese dams. This research will provide new insights into the molecular mechanism of obesity and lipid metabolism disorder.
摘要：
Cytokines are small proteins that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses and are released by both immune and non-immune cell types. In the current study, the constitutive and induced gene expression profiles of a suite of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines was examined comparatively in eight rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines, in order to establish the cytokine repertoires of these different cell types, especially the understudied non-immune cells. They included three epithelial cell lines (RTgut, RTgill, and RTL), one endothelial cell line (RTH), one fibroblast cell line (RTG-2), two stromal cell lines (TSS and TPS-2) and one monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RTS-11). Three types of primary leukocytes (derived from blood, spleen and head kidney) of trout were also included in the analysis, to allow comparison to the repertoires expressed in T cells, as a major source of cytokines in immune responses. The major findings are: 1) IL-2A, IL-2B, IL-4/13B1, IL-4/13B2, IL-10b, P40B1, P28B, IL-17A/F1b, TNF-α3, TNF-α4, IFNγ1, CCL20L2b and CCL20L3a are expressed mainly in leukocytes but IL-17N, IL-17D, IL-20 and CCL20L1b2 are not expressed in these cells. Hence future studies in these cell lines will help establish their function in fish; 2) Some of the cytokines were differentially expressed in the cell lines, revealing the potential role of these cell types in aspects of trout mucosal and inflammatory immune responses, 3) Similar cell types grouped together in the cell cluster analysis, including the leukocyte cluster, stromal cell cluster, and epithelial and endothelial cell cluster. Taken together, this investigation of these trout cell lines forms a good database for studying the function of cytokines not expressed in isolated leukocytes or that are preferentially expressed in the cell lines. Furthermore, the cytokine expression analysis undertaken confirmed the phenotypic relationship of these cell types at the molecular level.
摘要：
Consolidated undrained triaxial shear tests were performed on undisturbed saturated structured clay at three unloading rates (0.1, 0.25, and 2.5 kPa/min) using a GDS triaxial system to determine the effects of different unloading rates and unloading stress paths on the stress-strain relationship, pore pressure variation, and failure strength characteristics of Zhanjiang structured clay. Microstructural changes in the clay were observed during shear tests at different unloading rates. Furthermore, the obtained stress-strain relationship indicates strain-softening under different unloading stress paths. Under the same axial strain, a larger unloading rate caused a larger deviatoric stress. Under the same conditions, the higher the confining pressure, the greater the peak pore pressure, the smaller the unloading rate, the greater the pore pressure development, and the greater the variation in the pore pressure. Moreover, the undrained shear strength increased with an increase in the unloading rate from 0.1 to 2.5 kPa/min. The change in the unloading rate had a greater effect on the undrained strength under the passive tensile path than that under the passive compression path. The microstructure of the Zhanjiang structured clay changed after shear tests at different unloading rates, exhibiting various degrees of adjustment in the particle arrangement, contact relations, pore sizes, and shapes.
摘要：
This paper investigates a three-echelon supply chain that consists of a supplier, a manufacturer, and a retailer. Owing to the government intervention and consumers’ low-carbon preferences, the market share is influenced by the carbon emission reduction technology improvement of the supplier and manufacturer and the low carbon advertisement of the retailer. We then construct the differential game model of three-echelon supply chain from the perspectives of decentralized, governmental intervention, supplier cost sharing and governmental intervention, and retailer cost sharing and governmental intervention. Main results are as follows: (1) the manufacturer and supplier's active investment in emission reduction technologies and retailer's advertisement will consistently increase the profits of supply chain members; (2) given that the government subsidizes the manufacturer's carbon emission reduction technology through tax exemption or tax reduction, the manufacturer will always fall into a prisoner's dilemma once the government's carbon emission limit exceeds a certain threshold range; (3) consumer preferences will have a positive effect on manufacturer and supplier's emission reduction strategies, whereas it has nothing to do with retailer's advertisement, and retailer's investment in advertising only depends on manufacturer's subsidy policy; (4) compared with decentralized scenario, Pareto improvement can always be realized whether the manufacturer chooses to cooperate with the supplier or retailer. Our results can provide theoretical basis for the carbon emission strategy of three-echelon supply chain members in low-carbon environment.
摘要：
Bound phenolic compounds in the melon pulp have seldom been investigated. This study revealed considerable differences in the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of the free and bound phenolic extracts in the pulps of six melon varieties from Hainan Province, China. Naixiangmi and Yugu demonstrated the highest free TPC, while Meilong showed the highest bound and total TPC and antioxidant activity. UHPLC-QQQ-MS identified and quantified 30 phenolic compounds. The melon cultivars markedly differed in the amount and content of their free and bound phenolic compounds. Xizhoumi No. 25 and Meilong afforded the most phenolic compounds. Hongguan emerged with the highest free phenolic compound content and total content of phenolic compounds; however, Meilong possessed the highest bound phenolic compound content. Hierarchical cluster analysis divided the melon varieties into four different taxa. The present study provides a scientific basis for developing the health-promoting effects of melon pulp.
通讯机构：
[Wujun Ma] C;College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China<&wdkj&>Food Futures Institute, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth 6150, Australia<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
Chinese steamed bread;wheat gluten proteins;glutenins;gliadins;rheological properties;frozen storage
摘要：
Chinese steamed bread (CSB) is a main staple food in China, accounting for 40% of wheat flour usage in China. Due to its health benefits, CSB is gaining popularity across the world. In this review, the effects of gluten proteins (particularly glutenins and gliadins) on the quality of CSB are summarized from the literature. Requirements of appropriate rheological parameters in different studies are compared and discussed. Along with the increasing demand for frozen storage food, there are obvious increases in the research on the dynamics of gluten proteins in frozen dough. This review also summarizes the factors influencing the deterioration of CSB dough quality during frozen storage as well as effective measures to mitigate the negative effects.
作者机构：
[Bao, Weiwei; Yang, Shihui; Peng, Qiqun] Hubei Univ, Sch Life Sci, State Key Lab Biocatalysis & Enzyme Engn, Wuhan 430062, Peoples R China.;[Shen, Wei] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Life & Technol, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Du, Jun] China Biotech Fermentat Ind Assoc, Beijing 100833, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wei Shen; Shihui Yang] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>School of Life and Technology, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
摘要：
Biorefinery to produce value-added biochemicals offers a promising alternative to meet our sustainable energy and environmental goals. Acetoin is widely used in the food and cosmetic industries as taste and fragrance enhancer. The generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacterium Zymomonas mobilis produces acetoin as an extracellular product under aerobic conditions. In this study, metabolic engineering strategies were applied including redistributing the carbon flux to acetoin and manipulating the NADH levels. To improve the acetoin level, a heterologous acetoin pathway was first introduced into Z. mobilis, which contained genes encoding acetolactate synthase (Als) and acetolactate decarboxylase (AldC) driven by a strong native promoter Pgap. Then a gene encoding water-forming NADH oxidase (NoxE) was introduced for NADH cofactor balance. The recombinant Z. mobilis strain containing both an artificial acetoin operon and the noxE greatly enhanced acetoin production with maximum titer reaching 8.8 g/L and the productivity of 0.34 g center dot L-1 center dot h(-1). In addition, the strategies to delete ndh gene for redox balance by native I-F CRISPR-Cas system and to redirect carbon from ethanol production to acetoin biosynthesis through a dcas12a-based CRISPRi system targeting pdc gene laid a foundation to help construct an acetoin producer in the future. This study thus provides an informative strategy and method to harness the NADH levels for biorefinery and synthetic biology studies in Z. mobilis.
摘要：
Executive functions(EFs) may be associated with the emergence of non-suicidal self-injury(NSSI) due to their role as behavior controllers. EFs includes three core cognitive processes: inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility(i.e. the ability to selectively alter cognitive strategies to generate appropriate behavior in the changing environment). This study aimed to systematically explore the three core EFs in depressed adolescents with NSSI. The data was obtained from the baseline data of the Chinese adolescent depression Cohort. The adolescents underwent cognitive assessments to yield domain-specific scores in EFs using the Digit Span Backward test(DSB), the Stroop Color-word interference test- color-word condition(Stroop-CW), and the Wisconsin Card Sorting tests(WCST). The significant differences in WCST scores were found between the NSSI group and the non-NSSI group. NSSI frequency was moderately positively correlated with total errors and negatively correlated with the number of categories completed. The number of categories completed in the "≥200″ NSSI frequency group was significantly lower than that in the "≤10″ NSSI group. The current findings suggested that depressed adolescents who had engaged in NSSI have poorer cognitive flexibility performance compared to adolescents without NSSI. As the frequency of NSSI increased, cognitive flexibility might become worse. These results provide evidence of a connection between executive dysfunctions and NSSI in depressed adolescents.
摘要：
In addition to size, shape and morphology, enzyme-mimetic property could be efficiently regulated by controlling composition, forming complexes or hybrids, and surface modification. Herein, Pd nanoparticles with an average diameter of 2.52 nm were decorated on ultrathin 2D copper(ii)-porphyrin derived metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets by a simple reduction method for catalytic activity regulation. In comparison with other nanozymes, the as-synthesized Pd modified 2D MOF hybrid nanosheets (Pd@Cu-TCPP(Fe)) presented excellent peroxidase-mimic activity, exhibiting an even superior catalytic ability towards H2O2 with a Michaelis-Menten constant as low as 2.33 mM. Based on a cascade reaction between glucose oxidase and Pd@Cu-TCPP(Fe), a colorimetric method for the detection of glucose was established and validated with a wide linear range (0.2-8.0 mM), good recovery (89.5-94.2%) and nice reproducibility (3.65%). All these features guaranteed its excellent ability for glucose determination in human cerebrospinal fluids. This study could offer a valuable reference for constructing novel optical biosensors. A novel nanozyme based on 2D Pd@Cu-TCPP(Fe) hybrid nanosheets was proposed, and colorimetric determination of glucose in human cerebrospinal fluids was achieved by the cascade reaction between glucose oxidase (GOx) and Pd@Cu-TCPP(Fe).
摘要：
To enhance the utilisation efficiency of renewable energy and the multifunctional response of composite films, the rational design and realisation of remarkable tensile and thermal properties, excellent insulation safety properties, waterproof performance, shape stability, and rapid response to external stimuli are crucial. Flexible three-dimensional (3D) network composite film materials with directional arrangement of sheet materials were fabricated by electrospinning the CNF-modified mica (Mica/CNF)/stearic acid (SA)/thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) blend solution. The prepared materials showed high volume resistivity (10 x 12 & omega; cm), excellent stretchability (219.45%), high latent heat (131.4 J/g), good thermal stability, good photothermal conversion efficiency, reusability and were responsive to ultraviolet and visible light bands. Notably, flexible composite film had excellent shape-adaptability and adjustable phase-change enthalpy and temperature. The designed flexible composite film is a promising candidate for developing electrical insulation packaging, building energy conservation, solar energy conversion, wearable flexible materials and thermal management.
摘要：
To enhance the catalytic performance of nickel-based catalysts and improve their efficiency in biomass pyrolysis, a nickel-based catalyst supported on a ZnZr composite carrier was synthesized using the sol-gel method. The morphological changes of the catalyst before and after the reaction were observed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen gas adsorption, temperature-programmed reduction, and other methods to analyze its catalytic performance. A series of experiments were conducted to explore the optimal conditions for the catalyst's gas production, including carrier material ratios, loading amounts, residence time, and reaction temperature. The bimetallic carrier of Zn and Zr provided a higher specific surface area, allowing the metallic nickel to enter its mesopores. The synergistic effect of the bimetallic system facilitated the catalytic activity of nickel, significantly enhancing gas production. The maximum CO and H2 production were achieved at Zn/Zr = 6/4. The catalyst achieved an optimal gas yield of 507 mL/g at a residence time of 20 min and a reaction temperature of 800 degrees C,
期刊：
Journal of Soils and Sediments,2023年23(2):745-764 ISSN：1439-0108
通讯作者：
Zhanqi Wang
作者机构：
[Fan, Mengjiao; Wang, Zhanqi; Xue, Zhibin] China Univ Geosci, Sch Publ Adm, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Zhanqi] Minist Nat Resources, Key Lab Rule Law Res, Wuhan 430074, Peoples R China.;[Tan, Li] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Management, Wuhan 430048, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Zhanqi Wang] S;School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, China<&wdkj&>Key Laboratory of Rule of Law Research, Ministry of Natural Resources, Wuhan, China
关键词：
Soil pollution;Potentially toxic elements;Health risk assessment;Han River
摘要：
Purpose The study aimed to investigate the geochemical baseline concentrations (GBCs), pollution status, ecological risk, human health risk, sources, and source-specific risk of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils around the Han River Reservoir (HRR). Materials and methods Topsoil and subsoil samples collected from HRR were analyzed for PTEs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn). The cumulative frequency distribution (CFD) curves were established to estimate the GBCs. The geoaccumulation index (I-geo), modified potential ecological risk index (NIRI), and human health risk assessment (HHRA) were committed to identifying pollution and risk characteristics. Absolute principal component score-multi-liner regression (APCS-MLR) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) models were applied to determine the sources and to quantitatively identify source-specific risks. Results and discussion The GBCs in HRR were significantly different from the background values of Hubei. The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were 1.6, 1.0, 1.2, 1.1, and 1.1 times higher than the GBCs, respectively. Cd and Hg were the primary contributors to ecological risk. As and Cr were the major elements affecting health risks, while those for humans were within acceptable limits. The main sources were atmospheric deposition (As, Pb), agricultural activities (Cd), soil parent material (Cr, Cu, and Ni), industrial activities (Zn), and mixed sources consisting of soil parent material and agricultural activities (Hg). Among them, agricultural activities, soil parent material, and atmospheric deposition were the main factors affecting ecological and human health. Conclusions The accumulation and contamination of PTEs were influenced by a combination of anthropogenic and natural factors. As, Cd, Cr, and Hg should be given special attention due to their contamination risks.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Necroptosis and pyroptosis are newly identified forms of programmed cell death, which play a vital role in development of many gastrointestinal disorders. Although plant polyphenols have been reported to protect intestinal health, it is still unclear whether there is a beneficial role of plant polyphenols in modulating necroptosis and pyroptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. This research was conducted to explore whether plant polyphenols including protocatechuic acid (PCA) and quercetin (Que), attenuated inflammation and injury of IPEC-1 caused by ETEC K88 through regulating necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways. METHODS: IPEC-1 cells were treated with PCA (40 μmol/L) or Que (10 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of ETEC K88. RESULTS: PCA and Que decreased ETEC K88 adhesion and endotoxin level (P < 0.05) in cell supernatant. PCA and Que increased cell number (P < 0.001) and decreased lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) activity (P < 0.05) in cell supernatant after ETEC infection. PCA and Que improved transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (P < 0.001) and reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FD4) flux (P < 0.001), and enhanced membrane protein abundance of occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 (P < 0.05), and rescued distribution of these tight junction proteins (P < 0.05) after ETEC infection. PCA and Que also declined cell necrosis ratio (P < 0.05). PCA and Que reduced mRNA abundance and concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.001), and down-regulated gene expression of toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signals (P < 0.001) after ETEC infection. PCA and Que down-regulated protein abundance of total receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (t-RIP1), phosphorylated-RIP1 (p-RIP1), p-RIP1/t-RIP1, t-RIP3, p-RIP3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), p-MLKL, dynamin- related protein 1 (DRP1), phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) and high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) (P < 0.05) after ETEC infection. Moreover, PCA and Que reduced protein abundance of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), nod-like receptors family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase-1 (P < 0.05) after ETEC infection. CONCLUSIONS: In general, our data suggest that PCA and Que are capable of attenuating ETEC-caused intestinal inflammation and damage via inhibiting necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways.
摘要：
Aiming at the problems of uneven light reflectivity on the spherical surface and high similarity between the stems/calyxes and scars that exist in the detection of surface defects in apples, this paper proposed a defect detection method based on image segmentation and stem/calyx recognition to realize the detection and recognition of surface defects in apples. Preliminary defect segmentation results were obtained by eliminating the interference of light reflection inhomogeneity through adaptive bilateral filtering-based single-scale Retinex (SSR) luminance correction and using adaptive gamma correction to enhance the Retinex reflective layer, and later segmenting the Retinex reflective layer by using a region-growing algorithm. The texture features of apple surface defects under different image processing methods were analyzed based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix, and a support vector machine was introduced for binary classification to differentiate between stems/calyxes and scars. Deploying the proposed defect detection method into the embedded device OpenMV4H7Plus, the accuracy of stem/calyx recognition reached 93.7%, and the accuracy of scar detection reached 94.2%. It has conclusively been shown that the proposed defect detection method can effectively detect apple surface defects in the presence of uneven light reflectivity and stem/calyx interference.
