摘要：
Abstract Wu, L.Y., Fang, Y.J., Tan, R.B. and Shi, K.J. 2009. A comparison of cecal microflora and volatile fatty acid concentration in goslings fed diets supplemented with or without a dried Bacillus subtilis culture. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 36: 231–234. Bacillus subtilis, α Gram-positive, aerobic, nonpathogenic, endospore-forming bacterium was evaluated for its probiotic potential in the cecum of goslings. One hundred and twenty one-day-old goslings, randomly divided into two dietary treatments, were fed basal diet without or with 250 mg dried Bacillus subtilis culture (DBSQ/kg for 4 wk. The cecal chyme of 24 goslings on each treatment was collected for analyses at 28 d of age. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly increased and the harmful bacteria (P<0.05), Escherichia coli count was markedly reduced in goslings fed diet with DBSC (P<0.05). The total volatile fatty acid (VFA), acetic and butyric acid concentration increased on DBSC supplementation resulting in lower pH. This study indicated that the diet supplemented with Bacillus subtilis significantly improved the cecal ecosystem of goslings by increasing the probiotics population and volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration.
关键词：
Fish disease;ITS rDNA;Molecular phylogeny;Saprolegnia;Systematic
摘要：
Two Saprolegnia isolates, JY isolated from silver crucian carp (Carassius auratus gibelio Bloch) and BMY isolated from zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio Hamilton) came from infections occurring concurrently in different locations in China. To confirm whether the two isolates were from the same Saprolegnia clone, comparative studies have been carried out based on their morphological, physiological and molecular characteristics. Observations showed that morphologically (both asexual and sexual organs) the two isolates were broadly similar and both isolates under-went repeated zoospore emergence. Comparing 704 base pairs of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and the 5.8S rDNA, we found isolates JY and BMY shared an identical ITS sequence with a minor variation (99.6 % similarity). Forty available sequences for representatives Saprolegnia spp. belonged to four phylogenetically separate clades. The two studied isolates fell within clade I that comprised a group of isolates which showed almost an identical ITS sequence but had been identified as a number of different morphological species. our findings suggest that isolates JY and BMY appear to belong to the S. ferax clade and this clade (1) contains a number of closely related phylogenetic species. This is distinct from the more common fish pathogenic isolates, which belong to the S. parasitica clade (III) and are characterized by having cysts decorated by bundles of long hooked hairs and two further clades (II and IV) containing largely saprotrophic or soil born species. (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The British Mycological Society.
作者：
Yin, F. G.;Liu, Y. L.;Yin, Y. L.*;Kong, X. F.;Huang, R. L.;...
期刊：
Amino Acids,2009年37(2):263-270 ISSN：0939-4451
通讯作者：
Yin, Y. L.
作者机构：
[Kong, X. F.; Huang, R. L.; Yin, F. G.; Li, T. J.; Yin, Y. L.; Wu, G. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr & Human Hlth, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Kong, X. F.; Huang, R. L.; Yin, F. G.; Li, T. J.; Yin, Y. L.; Wu, G. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Y. L.; Hou, Yongqing; Yin, Y. L.] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, G. Y.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Yin, F. G.; Li, T. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yin, Y. L.] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr & Human Hlth, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
作者机构：
Key Laboratory for Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of SubtropicalAgricult;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University,Wuhan, Hubei;Hunan Zhenghong Science and Technology Company, Changsha, Hunan 410001, China;Academy of State Administration of Grain, Beijing 100037, China;Changsha Vocational & Technical College, Changsha, Hunan 410300, China
会议名称：
4th International Symposium on Animal Nutrition,Health and Feed Additive(第四届动物营养、保健与饲料添加剂国际学术研讨会)
会议时间：
2009-07-04
会议地点：
广州
会议论文集名称：
4th International Symposium on Animal Nutrition,Health and Feed Additive(第四届动物营养、保健与饲料添加剂国际学术研讨会)论文集
摘要：
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrophala (PAM) as a dietary additive on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty Landrace × Yorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days old (body weight 7.5 ± 0.07 kg) were assigned to five treatment groups (three pens/group, eight piglets/pen) fed maize/soybean-based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of PAM/kg diet or antibiotics (0.4 g flavomycin/kg + 0.13 g olaquindox/kg). The experimental period was 28 days. With increasing PAM supplementation levels, average daily gain was greater (quadratic, P < 0.05) and the ratio of amount fed to LW gain (feed/gain) improved (quadratic, P < 0.05) during days 14–28 and overall, and diarrhoea incidence decreased (linear, P < 0.05) during days 14–28. Supplementation of PAM also increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 on day 14, and increased (quadratic, P < 0.05) IL-1β expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes. Concentrations of PAM between 6 and 9 g/kg presented the strongest bioactivity compared to the control group or antibiotic-fed group. These findings indicate that PAM is effective in improving growth performance and cytokine response, which suggests that PAM can be used as a diet additive for weanling piglets.
摘要：
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrophala Koidz (PAM) as a dietary additive on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty Landrace×Yorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days old (body weight 7·5±0·07 kg) were assigned to five treatment groups (three pens/group, eight piglets/pen) fed maize/soybean-based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of PAM/kg diet or antibiotics (0·4 g flavomycin/kg+0·13 g olaquindox/kg). The experimental period was 28 days. With increasing PAM supplementation levels, average daily gain was greater (quadratic, P<0·05) and the ratio of amount fed to live weight (LW) gain (feed/gain) improved (quadratic, P<0·05) during days 14–28 and overall, and diarrhoea incidence decreased (linear, P<0·05) during days 14–28. Supplementation of PAM also increased (quadratic, P<0·05) serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 on day 14, and increased (quadratic, P<0·05) IL-1β expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes. Concentrations of PAM between 6 and 9 g/kg presented the strongest bioactivity compared to the control group or antibiotic-fed group. These findings indicate that PAM is effective in improving growth performance and cytokine response, which suggests that PAM can be used as a diet additive for weanling piglets.
摘要：
Saprolegnia brachydanis is described from zebra fish (Brachydanio rerio) in Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. The species is illustrated and compared with other species of the genus. The distinctive characteristics of S. brachydanis are the production of glomerulate oogonia wrapped around by predominantly monoclinous antheridia which can be up to eight in one oogonium. The oogonial stalks are short, straight, or curved and the antheridia, twisted, can enwind one or more oogonia. The oospores cannot mature or easily abort. Morphological features of the oomycete and the ITS sequence of its rDNA as well as the comparison with related species are discussed in this article.
