摘要：
Cytokines are small proteins that regulate innate and adaptive immune responses and are released by both immune and non-immune cell types. In the current study, the constitutive and induced gene expression profiles of a suite of proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines was examined comparatively in eight rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cell lines, in order to establish the cytokine repertoires of these different cell types, especially the understudied non-immune cells. They included three epithelial cell lines (RTgut, RTgill, and RTL), one endothelial cell line (RTH), one fibroblast cell line (RTG-2), two stromal cell lines (TSS and TPS-2) and one monocyte/macrophage-like cell line (RTS-11). Three types of primary leukocytes (derived from blood, spleen and head kidney) of trout were also included in the analysis, to allow comparison to the repertoires expressed in T cells, as a major source of cytokines in immune responses. The major findings are: 1) IL-2A, IL-2B, IL-4/13B1, IL-4/13B2, IL-10b, P40B1, P28B, IL-17A/F1b, TNF-α3, TNF-α4, IFNγ1, CCL20L2b and CCL20L3a are expressed mainly in leukocytes but IL-17N, IL-17D, IL-20 and CCL20L1b2 are not expressed in these cells. Hence future studies in these cell lines will help establish their function in fish; 2) Some of the cytokines were differentially expressed in the cell lines, revealing the potential role of these cell types in aspects of trout mucosal and inflammatory immune responses, 3) Similar cell types grouped together in the cell cluster analysis, including the leukocyte cluster, stromal cell cluster, and epithelial and endothelial cell cluster. Taken together, this investigation of these trout cell lines forms a good database for studying the function of cytokines not expressed in isolated leukocytes or that are preferentially expressed in the cell lines. Furthermore, the cytokine expression analysis undertaken confirmed the phenotypic relationship of these cell types at the molecular level.
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Necroptosis and pyroptosis are newly identified forms of programmed cell death, which play a vital role in development of many gastrointestinal disorders. Although plant polyphenols have been reported to protect intestinal health, it is still unclear whether there is a beneficial role of plant polyphenols in modulating necroptosis and pyroptosis in intestinal porcine epithelial cell line (IPEC-1) infected with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) K88. This research was conducted to explore whether plant polyphenols including protocatechuic acid (PCA) and quercetin (Que), attenuated inflammation and injury of IPEC-1 caused by ETEC K88 through regulating necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways. METHODS: IPEC-1 cells were treated with PCA (40 μmol/L) or Que (10 μmol/L) in the presence or absence of ETEC K88. RESULTS: PCA and Que decreased ETEC K88 adhesion and endotoxin level (P < 0.05) in cell supernatant. PCA and Que increased cell number (P < 0.001) and decreased lactate dehydrogenases (LDH) activity (P < 0.05) in cell supernatant after ETEC infection. PCA and Que improved transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (P < 0.001) and reduced fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran (FD4) flux (P < 0.001), and enhanced membrane protein abundance of occludin, claudin-1 and ZO-1 (P < 0.05), and rescued distribution of these tight junction proteins (P < 0.05) after ETEC infection. PCA and Que also declined cell necrosis ratio (P < 0.05). PCA and Que reduced mRNA abundance and concentration of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.001), and down-regulated gene expression of toll-like receptors 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signals (P < 0.001) after ETEC infection. PCA and Que down-regulated protein abundance of total receptor interacting protein kinase 1 (t-RIP1), phosphorylated-RIP1 (p-RIP1), p-RIP1/t-RIP1, t-RIP3, p-RIP3, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL), p-MLKL, dynamin- related protein 1 (DRP1), phosphoglycerate mutase 5 (PGAM5) and high mobility group box1 (HMGB1) (P < 0.05) after ETEC infection. Moreover, PCA and Que reduced protein abundance of nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), nod-like receptors family CARD domain-containing protein 4 (NLRC4), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), gasdermin D (GSDMD) and caspase-1 (P < 0.05) after ETEC infection. CONCLUSIONS: In general, our data suggest that PCA and Que are capable of attenuating ETEC-caused intestinal inflammation and damage via inhibiting necroptosis and pyroptosis signaling pathways.
摘要：
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold on the growth performance, skin color, and carcass pigmentation. METHODS: A total of 192 healthy 60-day-old yellow-feathered broilers weighing an average of 1,279±81 g were randomly allocated to 4 groups, each with 6 replicates and 8 broilers. The 4 treatments were as follows: i) CON group, fed with basal diet; ii) LTN group, supplemented with lutein; iii) MDP group, supplemented with monohydroxyl pigment including dehydrated lutein, β-cryptoxanthin, and α-cryptoxanthin; iv) LTN+MDP group, supplemented with lutein and monohydroxyl pigment in proportion to 1:1. The supplementary content of LTN, MDP, and LTN+MDP was 2 g/kg. Skin color was measured after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of feeding the dietary treatments. The breast, thigh, and abdominal fat of slaughtered chickens were stored in cold storage at 4°C for 24 hours and then the meat color of lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) values was determined. RESULTS: The results showed that all treatments enhanced the yellow scores of subwing skin on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05), and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment promoted the yellow scores of shanks on day 14, 21, and 28 (p<0.05). The mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment increased the yellow scores of beaks and all treatments enhanced the yellow of shanks on day 28 (p<0.05). In addition, all treatments improved the yellow (b*) values of breast and thigh muscle, moreover, the monohydroxyl pigment and the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment enhanced the values of redness (a*) and yellow (b*) of abdominal fat (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: In summary, different types of xanthophyll extracted from marigold significantly increased the yellow scores of skin color and the yellow (b*) values of carcass pigmentation. Especially, the mixture of lutein and monohydroxyl pigment was more efficient on skin color.
摘要：
Intestinal health is critical for the growth and development of humans and animals. Our previous study has demonstrated that indomethacin (IDMT) could induce intestinal injury in piglets, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation contributed to alleviating intestinal injury induced by various stimuli. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of IDMT-induced cell death in IPEC-1 cell lines and explored the role of NAC by using transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Results showed that cell viability was substantially reduced with the increasing concentrations of IDMT, whereas NAC significantly increased the survival rate of IPEC-1 cells regardless of its addition method. Transcriptomics and proteomics data indicated that terms, such as cell cycle, energy metabolism, and cell proliferation, were significantly enriched by Gene ontology and pathway analyses. Flow cytometer analysis showed that IDMT induced cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. The expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins (CDK1, CCNA2, and CDC45) was decreased by IDMT stimulation. Importantly, NAC treatment repaired IDMT-induced mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing ATP production, decreasing oxygen consumption rate in non-mitochondrial O 2 consumption, and increasing the red/green fluorescence ratio. IDMT stimulation significantly increased caspase-3 expression, which was partially reversed by NAC treatment. These results suggest that IDMT-induced cell death may be attributable to disturbance of the cell cycle processes, mitochondria dysfunction and apoptosis, and NAC could confer a protective effect by restoring the mitochondrial function and inhibiting the apoptosis pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the pathogenesis of IDMT-induced intestinal injury and guides the clinic application of NAC. (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
作者机构：
[Guo, S. S.; Li, L. L.; Liu, Z. P.; Ding, B. Y.; Liu, C. A.] Wuhan Polytechn Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Zou, X. T.] Zhejiang Univ, Key Lab Mol Anim Nutr, Minist Educ, Hangzhou, Peoples R China.;[Elnesr, S. S.] Fayoum Univ, Dept Poultry Prod, Fac Agr, Al Fayyum 63514, Egypt.
通讯机构：
[Zou, X T] K;Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition (Zhejiang University), Ministry of Education, China. Electronic address:
关键词：
calcium signal;salpingitis;uterus;lipopolysaccharide;laying hen
摘要：
This study investigated whether there is disturbance of calcium signal in the simulated salpingitis of laying hens. A total of 90 Roman Pink layers (81 wk; 1.916 ± 0.17 kg) were divided into 3 groups (Control treated with PBS, 1.85 mg lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/layer as LPS group, 1.85 mg LPS/layer as LPS+organic chemical reagent (OCR) group) with 6 replicates of 5 layers. Compared with the Control, the mRNA expression of calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase IV (CaMK IV), sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA), and plasma membrane calcium-transporting ATPase (PMCA) were not only decreased (P < 0.05) in magnum of laying hens from LPS and LPS+OCR groups, but also in isthmus and uterus of hens from LPS+OCR group. Moreover, the mRNA expression of calcium sensing receptor (CaSR) and Orai1 in uterus from LPS+OCR group were higher (P < 0.05) than that from Control. The relative fluorescence intensity of Ca(2+) in uterus from LPS and LPS+OCR groups were significantly higher than that from Control (P < 0.05). In conclusion, it existed that the linkage of simulated salpingitis treated with LPS+OCR and altered intracellular calcium signals in layers, which provided a new insight for alleviating salpingitis and uterine dysfunction of laying hens.
摘要：
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), a viral infection caused by PRRS virus (PRRSV) can result in severe reproductive failure, and respiratory disease in the pigs thus causing enormous economic losses to the global swine industry. Although the cellular receptors for PRRSV have been identified, but mechanisms underlying PPRSV replication remain obscure. Here, we have performed a genome-scale CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen in the pig kidney cells with PRRSV. Several genes were found to be highly enriched post-PRRSV selection, just like KxDL Motif Containing 1(KXD1), Proteasome 26S Subunit, Non-ATPase 3 (PSMD3) and Galectin 2 (LGALS2) and soon on. Importantly, we have identified that loss of KXD1 resulted in the restricted autophagy and inhibited replication of PRRSV. Therefore, our study demonstrates that CRISPR/Cas9 system can be effectively used for the screening of pig factors responsible for PRRSV replication.
通讯机构：
[Chong Wang; Yinsheng Qiu] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutrition Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
摘要：
Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), a group 1 carcinogen, is a risk factor to be monitored in milk. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of AFM1 in milk in Xinjiang, China, and to assess the risk of exposure for milk consumers in different age-sex groups. A total of 259 milk samples including pasteurized milk (93 samples), extended-shelf-life (ESL) milk (96), and raw donkey milk (70) were collected in Xinjiang from January to March in 2022. The AFM1 content of the milk samples was detected using a validated ELISA method. Of the 259 total samples analyzed for AFM1, 84 (32.4%) samples were contaminated at levels greater than the detection limit of 5 ng/L, with the maximum level of 16.5 ng/L. The positive rates of AFM1 in pasteurized milk and ESL milk were 43.0% (n = 40) and 45.8% (n = 44), respectively, and AFM1 was undetectable in donkey milk. The estimated daily intakes of AFM1 in each age group were lower than the hazard limits and were similar between male and female milk consumers. Therefore, the AFM1 contamination of milk in Xinjiang is low but still needs to be continuously monitored considering that children are susceptible to AFM1.
期刊：
British Journal of Nutrition,2022年128(2):161-171 ISSN：0007-1145
通讯作者：
Yulan Liu
作者机构：
[Lin, Jia; Huang, Feifei; Liang, Tianzeng; Qin, Qin; Xu, Qiao; Huang, Xingfa; Zhang, Jing; Xiao, Kan; Zhu, Huiling; Liu, Yulan] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan430023, People’s Republic of China;Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas72701, USA;[Zhao, Jiangchao] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan430023, People’s Republic of China<&wdkj&>Department of Animal Science, Division of Agriculture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas72701, USA
通讯机构：
[Yulan Liu] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan430023, People’s Republic of China
