作者：
Ji, Yun;Hou, Yongqing;Blachier, François;Wu, Zhenlong
期刊：
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION,2023年10:1172548 ISSN：2296-861X
通讯作者：
Hou, Y.;Blachier, F.;Wu, Z.
作者机构：
[Ji, Yun; Wu, Zhenlong] State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China;[Hou, Yongqing] Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China;[Blachier, François] The National Institute for Agriculture, Alimentation and Environment, Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior Unit, Université Paris-Saclay/AgroParistech/INRAE, Paris, France
通讯机构：
[Wu, Z.] S;[Hou, Y.] H;[Blachier, F.] T;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, China;State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China
摘要：
BACKGROUND: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), one of the most prevalent contaminants in human and animal food, impairs the immune system, but information on the mechanisms of AFB1-mediated macrophage toxicity is still lacking. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, for the first time, we employed whole transcriptome sequencing technology to explore the molecular mechanism by which AFB1 affects the growth of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM). We found that AFB1 exposure reduced the proliferative capacity of PAM and prevented cell cycle progression. Based on whole transcriptome analysis, RT-qPCR, ICC and RNAi, we verified the role and regulatory mechanism of the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network in the process of AFB1 exposure affecting the growth of PAM. CONCLUSIONS: We found that AFB1 induced MSTRG.43,583, MSTRG.67,490, MSTRG.84,995, and MSTRG.89,935 to competitively bind miR-219a, miR-30b-3p, and miR-30c-1-3p, eliminating the inhibition of its target genes CACNA1S, RYR3, and PRKCG. This activated the calcium signaling pathway to regulate the growth of PAM. These results provide valuable information on the mechanism of AFB1 exposure induced impairment of macrophage function in humans and animals.
摘要：
Information on transgenerational effects of cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) within hour of exposure is scarce. To the end, larvae of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma at 0 day-post-hatching (dph) were subjected to LC(50) for 96-h of Cd or Zn for 0.5 and 6h, and then transferred into clear water for 95 days until the generation of offspring larvae at 25 dph. Growth, antioxidant capacity and stress response in offspring larvae were examined. Exposure to Zn for 0.5h or Cd for 0.5h and 6h promoted growth performance and reduced total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Malondialdehyde (MDA) and cortisol levels declined in larvae following Zn exposure for 0.5h, whereas Cd exposure increased MDA content and did not affect cortisol levels. These physiological changes could be partially explained by transcription of genes in the hormone/insulin-like growth factor-I (GH/IGF) axis, NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling, and hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. For example, Zn exposure for 0.5h up-regulated genes encoding growth hormone (gh) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein (igfbp1) and down-regulated mRNA levels of nrf2, Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 gene (keap1a), keap1b, sod1, mineralocorticoid receptor (mr), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor (crhr1), corticotropin-releasing hormone binding protein (crhbp), cytochrome P450 (cyp11a1, cyp17a1) and hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (hsd3b1). Cd exposure for 0.5 and 6h up-regulated growth hormone release hormone (ghrh) and igfbp1, down-regulated nrf2 and keap1a, and did not affect mRNA levels of HPI axis genes. Taken together, this study demonstrated that short-term metal exposure during larvae phase had positive and negative effects on offspring even after a long recovery.
摘要：
Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the phylogenetic and expression analysis of the angiopoietin-like (ANGPTL) gene family and their role in lipid metabolism in pigs. Methods: In this study, the amino acid sequence analysis, phylogenetic analysis, and chromosome adjacent gene analysis were performed to identify the ANGPTL gene family in pigs. According to the body weight data from 60 Jinhua pigs, different tissues of 6 pigs with average body weight were used to determine the expression profile of ANGPTL1-8. The ileum, subcutaneous fat, and liver of 8 pigs with distinct fatness were selected to analyze the gene expression of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8. Results: The sequence length of ANGPTLs in pigs was between 1,186 and 1,991 bp, and the pig ANGPTL family members shared common features with human homologous genes, including the high similarity of the amino acid sequence and chromosome flanking genes. Amino acid sequence analysis showed that ANGPTL1-7 had a highly conserved domain except for ANGPTL8. Phylogenetic analysis showed that each ANGPTL homologous gene shared a common origin. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that ANGPTL family members had different expression patterns in different tissues. ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 were mainly expressed in the liver, while ANGPTL4 was expressed in many other tissues, such as the intestine and subcutaneous fat. The expression levels of ANGPTL3 in the liver and ANGPTL4 in the liver, intestine and subcutaneous fat of Jinhua pigs with low propensity for adipogenesis were significantly higher than those of high propensity for adipogenesis. Conclusion: These results increase our knowledge about the biological role of the ANGPTL family in this important economic species, it will also help to better understand the role of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 in lipid metabolism of pigs, and provide innovative ideas for developing strategies to improve meat quality of pigs.
关键词：
Streptococcus suis type 2;Orphan response regulator CovR;Pathogenicity;Regulative function;Metabolic pathway
摘要：
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) is an important zoonotic pathogen. Orphan response regulator CovR plays crucial regulative functions in the survivability and pathogenicity of S. suis 2. However, research on the CovR in S. suis 2 is limited. In this study, the regulative functions of CovR in the survivability and pathogenicity were investigated in S. suis 2 isolated from a diseased pig. The deletion of CovR significantly weakened the survivability and pathogenicity of S. suis 2. Compared with the wild-type strain, ΔcovR showed slower growth rates and thinner capsular polysaccharides. Moreover, ΔcovR showed reduced adhesion and invasion to Hep-2 cells as well as anti-phagocytosis and anti-killing ability to 3D4 cells and anti-serum killing ability. In addition, the deletion of CovR significantly reduced the colonisation ability of S. suis 2 in mice. The survival rate of mice infected with ΔcovR was increased by 16.7% compared with that of mice infected with S. suis 2. Further, the deletion of CovR led to dramatic changes in metabolism-related pathways in S. suis 2, five of those, including fructose and mannose metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, ABC transporters, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism and phosphotransferase system, were significantly down-regulated. Based on the results, CovR plays positive regulative functions in the survivability and pathogenicity of S. suis 2 SC19 strain isolated from a pig.
作者：
Cheng, Zhaolong;Li, Yongtao;Pine, Matthew Keith;Wan, Xiaoling;Zuo, Tao;...
期刊：
ANIMALS,2023年13(8):1306- ISSN：2076-2615
通讯作者：
Jun Wang
作者机构：
[Cheng, Zhaolong; Li, Yongtao; Zuo, Tao; Niu, Mingxiang; Wang, Jun] Chinese Acad Fishery Sci, Yellow Sea Fisheries Res Inst, Qingdao 266071, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Zhaolong; Li, Yongtao; Zuo, Tao; Niu, Mingxiang; Wang, Jun] Pilot Natl Lab Marine Sci & Technol Qingdao, Lab Marine Ecol & Environm Sci, Qingdao 266237, Peoples R China.;[Pine, Matthew Keith] Univ Victoria, Dept Biol, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.;[Wan, Xiaoling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Jun Wang] L;Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China<&wdkj&>Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
摘要：
Simple Summary Little effort has been made to conserve cetaceans in the Miaodao Archipelago, which is hindered by a lack of baseline data on their species and distribution patterns. Using a passive acoustic monitoring technique, we found a decrease in cetacean diversity; the East Asian finless porpoise is the sole cetacean species that can be reliability detected in this area, and their distribution exhibits seasonally patterns. Further research and conservation measures are needed to protect cetaceans in this area. Once an important cetacean habitat, the Miaodao Archipelago has been altered by human-induced disturbances over several decades. While cetacean diversity is known to have decreased, no recent data on species diversity around Miaodao are known to exist. Capitalizing on the high vocal activity of cetaceans, three passive acoustic surveys, including towed and stationary types, were undertaken to detect the presence of species-specific vocalizations in May 2021, October 2021, and July 2022, as most cetacean sightings occurred during May and August in recent years. The results revealed that the East Asian finless porpoise is the sole cetacean species that can be reliably observed around the archipelago, as no other species were detected. The acoustic data also revealed potentially clumped distributions of finless porpoises with some seasonal variation. While not acoustically detected during any of the surveys, humpback whales, minke whales, and killer whales have been visually sighted in the region. The lack of acoustic detection of these species suggests that they are likely to be temporary visitors to the region, or at least exhibit strong seasonality in their presence within the region. These new data provide the latest snapshot of cetacean presence around the Miaodao Archipelago that can help inform future research and conservation.
摘要：
Lycopene ameliorates early hepatic fibrosis induced by co‐exposure to zearalenone, deoxynivalenol, and aflatoxin B1 via inhibiting suppression of CYP2E1‐mediated oxidative injury and mitochondrial damage. Scope Mycotoxins co‐contamination of agricultural products poses a serious threat to human and animal health, especially hepatic dysfunction. Zearalenone (ZEN), deoxynivalenol (DON), and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are three commonly co‐occurring mycotoxins. This study is to determine whether lycopene (LYC) can alleviate hepatic toxicity induced by the co‐occurrence of ZEN, DON, and AFB1 in mice. Methods and results Eighty 6‐week‐old male ICR mice are divided into four groups: CON group (solvent control), LYC group (10 mg kg−1 LYC), Co‐M group (10 mg kg−1 ZEN + 1 mg kg−1 DON + 0.5 mg kg−1 AFB1), and LYC+Co‐M group (10 mg kg−1 LYC + 10 mg kg−1 ZEN + 1 mg kg−1 DON + 0.5 mg kg−1 AFB1). The results show that LYC can suppress the co‐occurrence of mycotoxin‐induced mitochondrial swelling and vacuolization accompanied by dysregulation of indices of mitochondrial dynamics (Mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), Mfn2, Optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), Dynamin‐related protein 1 (Drp1), Fission 1 (Fis1) at the mRNA level; DRP1 and FIS1 at the protein level). LYC effectively inhibits co‐occurrence of mycotoxin‐induced activation of Cytochrome P450 2E1, and early fibrosis, as determined by staining with Masson's trichrome and α‐SMA protein. Conclusion LYC successfully attenuates early hepatic fibrosis mainly through antioxidant activities and prevented mitochondrial injury.
摘要：
The scarcity and increase in the price of animal feeds have attracted the attention of nutritionists to address this issue. The inclusion of plant extracts and enzymes to protein-reduced diet could be a feasible strategy to reducing the feed cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of Yucca schidigera extract and multi-carbohydrase in low crude protein (CP) diets of broiler on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass metrics, and noxious gas levels in the excreta. A total of 480, 1-d-old ROSS 308 were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments, six replication, and 20 birds/cage. Phase 1, T1(CP 21%, ME 2,969 kcal/kg); T2 (CP 19%, ME 2,863 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 17%, ME 2,865 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T4 (CP 17%, ME 2,861 kcal/ kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% multi-carbohydrase). Phase 2, T1 (CP 19%, ME 3,086 kcal/kg); T2 (CP 17%, ME 2,977 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T4 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% 0.1% multi-carbohydrase). Although the addition of YS and multi-carbohydrase to the low CP diets on the growth performance did not improve, it revealed the positive result on the nutrient digestibility, carcass parameters, and noxious gas emission. Overall, broilers supplemented with YS 0.02% and multi-carbohydrase (0.1%) demonstrated the best production performances compared to the other treatment groups. Thus, a combination of YS and multi-carbohydrase could be added to the diets with low CP to boost broiler production performance.
