关键词：
small-angle X-ray scattering;starch;radius of gyration
摘要：
Starch retrogradation is a complex process involving changes in the multi-scale structure. In particular, the particle order of retrograded starch is unclear. In this study, we measured the radius of gyration (Rg) and radius of particles (R) of retrograded starch using small-angle X-ray scattering. Retrograded starch included various Rg, and the values of Rg depended on the length and state of the starch chains. With time, the standard deviations of R decreased due to the increase in particle uniformity. Based on these results, a new method for assessing the degree of starch retrogradation was established from the perspective of the particle order. The accuracy of the new method was verified through differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructures of the samples indicated that the retrograded starch granules contained substructures (primary particles) of different sizes. This study provides a new perspective for analyzing the structure of retrograded starch.
作者机构：
[Jiaxiang Wang] School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.;Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China;[Luqi Wang] Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
通讯机构：
[Luqi Wang; Yueyao Li] A;Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China<&wdkj&>Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.<&wdkj&>Institute of Tibet Plateau Ecology, Tibet Agricultural & Animal Husbandry University, Nyingchi 860000, China
摘要：
A series of boron-promoted Ni-Co/Ca catalysts were synthesized by the sol–gel method to enhance syngas generation from biomass pyrolysis. The efficiency of these catalysts was evaluated during the pyrolysis of rice straw in a fixed-bed reactor, varying the Ni/Co ratio, boron addition, calcination temperature, and residence time. The catalysts underwent comprehensive characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H2-TPR). The results indicated that the Ni-Co/Ca catalysts yielded superior syngas compared to singular Ni or Co catalysts, suggesting a synergistic interplay between nickel and cobalt. The incorporation of 4% boron significantly decreased the particle size of the active metals, enhancing both the catalytic activity and stability. Optimal syngas production was achieved under the following conditions: a biomass-to-catalyst mass ratio of 2:1, a Ni-Co ratio of 1:1, a calcination temperature of 400 °C, a pyrolysis temperature of 800 °C, and a 20 min residence time. These conditions led to a syngas yield of 431.8 mL/g, a 131.28% increase over the non-catalytic pyrolysis yield of 188.6 mL/g. This study not only demonstrates the potential of Ni-Co/Ca catalysts in biomass pyrolysis for syngas production but also provides a foundation for future catalyst performance optimization.
作者：
Wang, Xintian;Chen, Yashu;McClements, David Julian;Meng, Chen;Zhang, Mingkai;...
期刊：
Advances in Colloid and Interface Science,2024年325:103117 ISSN：0001-8686
通讯作者：
Qianchun Deng
作者机构：
[Chen, Yashu; Wang, Xintian] Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China;[McClements, David Julian] Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;[Meng, Chen] College of Biological Engineering and Food, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China;[Zhang, Mingkai] College of Food and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China;[Chen, Hongjian] College of Health Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: chenhongjian@hubu.edu.cn
通讯机构：
[Qianchun Deng] K;Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Wuhan, China
摘要：
The chemical stability of edible oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) is a major challenge within the food and supplement industries, as lipid oxidation reduces oil quality and safety. Despite appearing homogeneous to the human eye, bulk oils are actually multiphase heterogeneous systems at the nanoscale level. Association colloids, such as reverse micelles, are spontaneously formed within bulk oils due to the self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules that are present, like phospholipids, free fatty acids, and/or surfactants. In bulk oil, lipid oxidation often occurs at the oil-water interface of these association colloids because this is where different reactants accumulate, such as PUFAs, hydroperoxides, transition metals, and antioxidants. Consequently, the efficiency of antioxidants in bulk oils is governed by their chemical reactivity, but also by their ability to be located close to the site of oxidation. This review describes the impact of minor constituents in bulk oils on the nature of the association colloids formed. And then the formation of mixed reverse micelles (LOOH, (co)surfactants, or antioxidations) during the peroxidation of bulk oils, as well as changes in their composition and structure over time are also discussed. The critical importance of selecting appropriate antioxidants and surfactants for the changes of interface and colloid, as well as the inhibition of lipid oxidation is emphasized. The knowledge presented in this review article may facilitate the design of bulk oil products with improved resistance to oxidation, thereby reducing food waste and improving food quality and safety.
摘要：
Two quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) models of hindered phenolic antioxidants in lubricating oils were established to help guide the molecular structure design of antioxidants. Firstly, stepwise regression (SWR) was used to filter out essential molecular descriptors without autocorrelation, including electronic, topological, spatial, and structural descriptors, and multiple linear regression (MLR) was used to construct QSPR models based on the screened variables. The two models are statistically sound, with R2 values of 0.942 and 0.941, respectively. The models' reliability was verified by the frontier molecular orbital energy gaps of the antioxidants. A hindered phenolic additive was designed based on the models. Its antioxidant property is calculated to be 20.9% and 11.0% higher than that of typical commercial antioxidants methyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate and 2,2 '-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), respectively. The structure-property relationship of hindered phenolic antioxidants in lubricating oil obtained by computer-assisted analysis can not only predict the antioxidant properties of existing hindered phenolic additives but also provide theoretical basis and data support for the design or modification of lubricating oil additives with higher antioxidant properties.
摘要：
The immense representation power of deep learning frameworks has kept them in the spotlight in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification. Graph Convolutional Neural Networks (GCNs) can be used to compensate for the lack of spatial information in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). However, most GCNs construct graph data structures based on pixel points, which requires the construction of neighborhood matrices on all data. Meanwhile, the setting of GCNs to construct similarity relations based on spatial structure is not fully applicable to HSIs. To make the network more compatible with HSIs, we propose a staged feature fusion model called SFFNet, a neural network framework connecting CNN and GCN models. The CNN performs the first stage of feature extraction, assisted by adding neighboring features and overcoming the defects of local convolution; then, the GCN performs the second stage for classification, and the graph data structure is constructed based on spectral similarity, optimizing the original connectivity relationships. In addition, the framework enables the batch training of the GCN by using the extracted spectral features as nodes, which greatly reduces the hardware requirements. The experimental results on three publicly available benchmark hyperspectral datasets show that our proposed framework outperforms other relevant deep learning models, with an overall classification accuracy of over 97%.
期刊：
Journal of Hazardous Materials,2024年465:133198 ISSN：0304-3894
通讯作者：
Lan, JR
作者机构：
[Pan, Cong; Lan, Jirong; Hou, Haobo] Wuhan Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Lan, Jirong; Sun, Yan; Kai, Ming-Feng] Hong Kong Polytech Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.;[Dong, Yiqie] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Civil Engn & Architecture, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Lan, JR ] W;Wuhan Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Sci, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Amorphous structure;CSWR/PMS system;Carbamazepine;Copper tailing;High value application
摘要：
It is a green and sustainable path to establish cheap solid waste-based catalyst to establish peroxymonosulfate (PMS) catalytic system for the degradation of carbamazepine (CBZ) in water. In this study, durable copper tailing waste residue-based catalyst (CSWR) was prepared, and efficient CSWR/PMS system was constructed for catalytic degradation of CBZ for first time. The morphology and structure of CSWR changed from clumps to porous and loose amorphous by alkali leaching and medium temperature calcination. The reconstructed surface of the CSWR exposes more active sites promotes the catalytic reaction and increases the degradation rate of CBZ by more than 39.8 times. And the CSWR/PMS achieved a CBZ removal of nearly 99.99 % in 20min. In particular, perovskite-type iron-calcium compounds were formed, which stimulated the production of more HO(•) and SO(4)(•-) in the system. DFT calculation shows that CSWR has stronger adsorption energy and electron transfer ability to PMS molecules, which improved the degradation efficiency of the system. In general, this study proposed a means of high-value waste utilization, which provided a new idea for the preparation of solid waste based environmental functional materials and is expected to be widely used in practical wastewater treatment.
通讯机构：
[Jibing Chen] S;School of Mechanical Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 420023, China
摘要：
Due to the problems of low welding efficiency, large heat-affected zone, and poor welding quality in the process of welding thin-walled titanium tubes by argon arc welding, there are few studies on the use of high-frequency induction welding (HFIW) of thin-walled titanium alloy tubes. The evolution law of weld microstructure and mechanical properties of the thin-walled titanium tube needs to be further studied because of rapid welding speed and the small heat-affected zone of HFIW. Therefore, a novel manufacturing method via high-frequency induction welding is proposed in this paper to solve the existing problems. With an industrial-grade titanium TA2 tube (wall's thickness is 0.5 mm) as the research object, a comparative study is conducted in this research to examine the morphology, microstructure, microhardness, and tensile characteristics of welded joints at different welding power. The findings demonstrated a significant efficacy of HFIW in resolving these challenges. The mechanical properties and microstructue of heat-affected zone (HAZ) were characterized. The lowest hardness is measured at 202 HV, while the base material was recorded as 184 HV, when the welding speed of HFIW is set at 50 m/min. Meanwhile, the heat-affected zone has the highest hardness at 224 HV, a tensile strength of 446.8 MPa and a post-fracture elongation of 16%. The results showed that HFIW can not only greatly improve the welding efficiency, significantly improve the microstructure of weld joint and HAZ, and improve the mechanical properties of thin-walled titanium pipe, but also provide a highly feasible welding method for welding ultra-thin-walled pipes.
摘要：
Naphthalimide‐based glycopolymeric nanoparticles with dual tumor‐targeting ability from glucose‐segment and phenylboronic ester modification were designed and used as pH sensitive and AIEgen fluorescent probes for selective imaging of tumor cells. Abstract A series of functional glycopolymer nanoparticles with 1,8‐naphthalimide motif was designed, synthesized and applied for tumor cell imaging. With the pH‐sensitive and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) effect of the 1,8‐naphthalimide fluorescent probe, the presence of glucose‐based glycopolymers enhanced its water‐solubility and biocompatibility. Owing to the dual tumor‐targeting effects of the dense glucose part and the boronic ester modification, the obtained glycopolymers showed high affinity to tumor cells, with a much faster staining rate than normal cells, indicating a great potential for diagnosis and treatments of cancers.
摘要：
Neuroinflammation, caused by abnormal activation of glial cells, plays an important role in nerve injury, which can lead to cognitive impairment. Consequently, regulating glial cell activation and subsequent generation of inflammatory mediators is valuable for the treatment of neuroinflammation-based brain diseases. Selenium (Se) and folic acid (FA) are two key nutritional supplements that have bioactivities associated with regulating neuroinflammatory responses, resisting oxidative stress, and preventing neuronal apoptosis in vivo. Based on this, we prepared multifunctional nanoparticles using octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA)-modified starch (OSAS) to carry both Se and FA, with the aim to facilitate synergistic resistance of neuroinflammatory diseases. The FAgrafted OSAS molecules self-assembled into nanomicelles and functioned as nanocarriers to load selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) (a unique form of Se supplement) and form novel nanoparticles FA-OSAS-SeNPs with a protective shell of starch. Furthermore, the effect and mechanism of FA-OSAS-SeNPs on inflammatory responses were investigated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 microglial cells and BALB/c mice. Our results showed that FA-OSAS-SeNPs ameliorated LPS-induced spatial learning and memory impairment. Furthermore, FA-OSAS-SeNPs significantly suppressed the activation of glial cells, the expression of oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and the release of inflammatory factors. Moreover, FA-OSAS-SeNPs prominently alleviated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and LPS-induced overactivation of the NF-kappa B and MAPK signaling pathways. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that FA-OSAS-SeNPs represent a promising candidate in alternative/supplementary medication or functional foods for treating inflammatory brain diseases.
摘要：
Glaesserella parasuis, an important respiratory bacterial pathogen, causes Glässer’s disease in piglets, with potential immunosuppression. We established a piglet infection model and explored the immunosuppression mechanism to improve our understanding of the host immune response to G. parasuis. Twenty piglets were randomly divided into two groups (n = 10). The infection group was intraperitoneally challenged with 2 × 108 CFU of G. parasuis in 2 mL TSB. The control group was intraperitoneally injected with equivalent TSB. After 72 h, the piglets were sacrificed, and spleen tissue was collected. PD-1/PD-L1 expression was determined. The splenocytes were isolated to detect CD3+ T, CD3+CD4+ T, CD3+CD8+ T and CD3−CD21+cell differentiation. Via data-independent acquisition (DIA), we compared the proteomics of healthy and infected spleen tissues. Glaesserella parasuis modified CD3+ T, CD3+CD4+ T, CD3+CD8+ T and CD3−CD21+ cell differentiation and PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the spleen. The infection group had 596 proteins with significant differences in expression, of which 301 were significantly upregulated and 295 downregulated. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly related to immune responses. This is the first study on PD-1/PD-L1 expression in the spleen associated with immunosuppression in a piglet model to explore the protein changes related to immune responses via DIA.
关键词：
Near -Infrared spectroscopy;Rapid non-destructive detection;Grass carp fillets;Total volatile basic nitrogen;Machine learning;Orthogonal signal correction (OSC);Particle swarm optimization algorithm;optimized BP neural network (PSO-BP)
摘要：
This research aims to accurately forecast the freshness indicators (TVB-N) of skinned and skinless grass carp fillets by integrating near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) with machine learning algorithms. By comparing the predictive accuracy of machine learning models for the two types of grass carp fillets, the most effective modeling method is identified. Methodologically, the study first applies orthogonal signal correction (OSC) and the first derivative among other algorithms for spectral pre-processing. Subsequently, competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), moving window partial least squares (MWPLS), and random frog (RF) are used for the selection of variables. Lastly, partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector regression (SVR), backpropagation neural networks (BPNN), and particle swarm optimization-enhanced BP neural networks (PSO-BP) are employed to quantitatively analyze the NIR data. The most relevant results reveal that the (OSC+D1)-CARS-PSO-BP model exhibits superior predictive capabilities. Especially when applied to skin-on fish fillets (R2P =0.988, RMSEP=0.092), this model surpasses that for skinless fish fillet data (R2P =0.987, RMSEP=0.096). Therefore, combining near-infrared with machine learning to predict the freshness (TVB-N) of grass carp fillets based on skin-on samples is a more effective non-destructive testing method.
摘要：
Natural polysaccharides extracted from plants have received increasing attention due to their rich bioactivity. In our study, peach gum polysaccharides (PGPs) were extracted by water extraction-alcohol precipitation method. PGPs are typical pyranose polysaccharides with a mean molecular weight of 3.68 x 106 g/mol. The antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective capacity of PGPs were studied. In vitro, assays showed that PGPs scavenged DPPH, OH, and O2- in a dose-dependent manner. PGPs exhibited antioxidative properties against alcohol-induced HL7702 cells, as evidenced by the normalization of MDA, SOD, ROS, and GSH levels. To further elucidate the hepatoprotective mechanism of PGPs, we carried out in vivo experiments in male mice. PGPs exerted hepatoprotective effects in alcohol liver disease (ALD) mice by exerting antioxidant effects, decreasing the inflammatory response and modulating lipid metabolism. In addition, metabolomic analysis indicated that PGPs mainly regulate D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and arginine biosynthesis to promote hepatic metabolism and maintain body functions. Overall, this study revealed that the hepatoprotective mechanism of PGPs against ALD might be associated with the regulation of oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.
摘要：
With the aging of human society, more and more elderly patients have to undergo surgery and anesthesia. Clinical observations have indicated from time to time that spinal anesthesia in the elderly appears to last longer than in young people, although there is limited research in this area and the mechanism is unclear at present time. This research work is expected to help understand the decline of local anesthetic metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid of elderly patients so as to help them with precise anesthesia and rapid rehabilitation. Twenty patients with spinal anesthesia in orthopedic lower limb surgery were selected to study the rate of drug metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid in two age groups, i.e.,18–30 years old and 75–90 years old. Ropivacaine in peripheral blood is used as a probe to reflect the speed of drug metabolism in cerebrospinal fluid. The contents of total Aβ protein and hyaluronic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid were investigated as well. The equivalent dose of ropivacaine anesthetizes the elderly group for a longer time. The metabolism rate of ropivacaine in an elderly patient was slower than that of a young patient. No significant difference in total Aβ protein between the two groups was observed while hyaluronic acid in the elderly group was significantly higher than that in the young group. This study shows that the dose of ropivacaine should be reduced when used for anesthesia in elderly patients. The cumulation of ropivacaine and HA appears to imitate the degeneration of central lymphatic circulation metabolism in elderly people.
摘要：
In this study, amine vapor-sensitive films with ratiometric fluorescence attributes were developed. The pH-sensitive fluorescein 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt (HPTS) and its tetraphenylethylene derivative (TPB) were selected as ratiometric indicators and incorporated into a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to produce HPTS/TPB-PVA films. The films responded well to amine vapors, and the interference of aromatic vapors did not substantially affect the fluorescence signals of the films. Under UV light at a wavelength of 365 nm, the fluorescence of the films changed from dark pink to light pink and finally to yellow when the freshness of the fish was visually checked during storage. In addition, the color difference values of the films showed a positive correlation with the total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), ranging from 12.7 to 24.8 mg/100 g at 25 degree celsius and 8.4 to 25.6 mg/100 g at 4 degree celsius, respectively. This indicates that fluorescent films have good potential for quantifying fish freshness in the near future when connected to an automatic data processing system based on color differences.
期刊：
Journal of Cleaner Production,2024年440:140972 ISSN：0959-6526
通讯作者：
Wang, JJ
作者机构：
[Cao, Rui; Wang, Jiaojiao] Zhoukou Normal Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Zhoukou 466001, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Qiaohua] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Engn, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Ma, Meihu] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Res & Dev Ctr Egg Proc, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Fu, Dandan] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Mech Engn, Wuhan 430048, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Wang, JJ ] Z;Zhoukou Normal Univ, Coll Mech & Elect Engn, Zhoukou 466001, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Egg;Respiration;Reutilization of unfertilized eggs;Dead embryo;Classification and identification
摘要：
Respiration plays a crucial role in the physiological development of embryos throughout the entire incubation process and serves as a vital indicator for discerning unfertilized eggs and embryos that have stopped development. This article explores the relationship between egg respiration, fertilization status, and chicken embryo viability. First, it studied the changes in respiration of fertilized and unfertilized eggs during the early stages of incubation (Day 1–3) and found that the CO2 production of fertilized eggs gradually increased, while those of unfertilized eggs gradually decreased. Moreover, significant differences in respiration between fertilized and unfertilized eggs were observed on the second day of incubation. Next, we employed Random Forest (RF), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) models to differentiate between fertilized and unfertilized eggs. Notably, the SVM algorithm exhibited exceptional performance in discriminating between fertilized and unfertilized eggs, achieving a remarkable test set accuracy of 98.41 %. Finally, a Bayesian algorithm was applied to classify embryos as either dead, weak, or viable in middle and later stages of incubation. Bayesian discriminant analysis yielded compelling results, achieving a 100 % detection rate for deceased embryo eggs. The outcomes of this study provide a robust theoretical foundation and empirical data to advance non-destructive testing methodologies for poultry eggs.
