作者机构:
[Cai, Jie; Xie, F; Xie, Fang; Zhang, Die] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se Rich Agr Prod Proc, Hubei Engn Res Ctr Deep Proc Green Se Rich Agr Pro, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Jie; Zhang, Die] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Cai, J; Xie, F ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se Rich Agr Prod Proc, Hubei Engn Res Ctr Deep Proc Green Se Rich Agr Pro, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
期刊:
Biological Trace Element Research,2024年202(1):332-345 ISSN:0163-4984
通讯作者:
Min Fang
作者机构:
[Liu, Yan; Zeng, Xiaoyu; Gong, Zhiyong; Wu, Yongning; Wang, Qiao; Zhou, Bingjie; Liu, Xin; Fang, Min] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil,Chinese Minist, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Yongning] Chinese Acad Med Sci, China Natl Ctr Food Safety Risk Assessment, Food Safety Res Unit 2019RU014, NHC Key Lab Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing 100021, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Min Fang] H;Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
关键词:
Crayfish;Heavy metals;Health risk assessment;Monte Carlo simulation
期刊:
Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2024年104(6):3246-3255 ISSN:0022-5142
通讯作者:
Du, Jing;Zhang, WN
作者机构:
[Zhang, Wei-nong; He, Jun-bo; Du, Jing; Zhang, Hai-long] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Minist Educ, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Du, Jing; Zhang, Wei-nong; Zhang, WN] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei-nong; He, Jun-bo; Du, Jing; Zhang, Hai-long] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei-nong; He, Jun-bo; Wang, Kun-li; Du, Jing; Zhang, Hai-long; Wang, Zhi-xian] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Wei-nong; He, Jun-bo; Zhang, WN; Zhang, Hai-long] Engn Res Ctr Lipid Based Fine Chem Hubei Prov, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Du, J; Zhang, WN ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;Engn Res Ctr Lipid Based Fine Chem Hubei Prov, Wuhan, Peoples R China.
关键词:
French fries;oil absorbency;rice bran oil;γ-oryzanol
摘要:
BACKGROUND: The aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility of lipid concomitant gamma-oryzanol reducing oil absorbency of fried foods and the underlying mechanism. Therefore, the influence of gamma-oryzanol on moisture and oil content, and distribution and micromorphology of French fries and the viscosity, fatty acid composition and total polar compounds content of rice bran oil (RBO) after frying were studied.RESULTS: Our results showed that the incorporation of low concentration of gamma-oryzanol [low addition group (LAG)] (5.754 g/kg) decreased the oil absorbency and porous structure of French fries during frying. Additionally, LAG incorporation inhibited the degradation of linoleic acid, decreased the growth rate of saturated fatty acids, total polar compounds and viscosity of frying oil.CONCLUSIONS: Consequently, it was recommended to incorporate a small amount of gamma-oryzanol in frying oil because it could inhibit oil absorption behavior of French fries. (c) 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
期刊:
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2024年273:116179 ISSN:0147-6513
通讯作者:
Dai, ZH;Qi, XL;Wang, JW
作者机构:
[Ding, Jiuyang] Guizhou Med Univ, Dept Educ Guizhou Prov, Key Lab Human Brain bank Funct & Dis, Guiyang 550025, Peoples R China.;[Ding, Jiuyang; Qi, Xiaolan] Guizhou Med Univ, Key Lab Endem & Ethn Dis, Minist Educ, Guiyang 550004, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Jiawen; Ding, Jiuyang; Xia, Bing] Guizhou Med Univ, Sch Forens Med, Guiyang 550004, Peoples R China.;[Zheng, Juan; Sun, Baofei] Taian Matern & Child Hlth Hosp, Dept Reprod Med, Tai An, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Changyou; Gao, Yingdong] Taian Matern & Child Hlth Hosp, Dept Pediat, Tai An 271000, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Qi, XL ; Wang, JW ] G;[Dai, ZH ] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Environm Geochem, West Lincheng Rd, Guiyang 550081, Peoples R China.;Guizhou Med Univ, Key Lab Endem & Ethn Dis, Minist Educ, 9 Beijing Rd, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, Peoples R China.;Guizhou Med Univ, Dept Forens Med, 9 Beijing Rd, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Blood brain barrier;Chromium;Hypothalamus
摘要:
It has been shown that exposure to hexavalent Chromium, Cr (Ⅵ), via nasal cavity can have neurotoxicological effects and induces behavioral impairment due to the fact that blood brain barrier (BBB) does not cover olfactory bulb. But whether Cr (Ⅵ) can cross the BBB and have a toxicological effects in central nervous system (CNS) remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Cr (Ⅵ) on mice treated with different concentrations and exposure time (14 days and 28 days) of Cr (Ⅵ) via intraperitoneal injection. Results revealed that Cr accumulated in hypothalamus (HY) in a timely dependent manner. Much more severer neuropathologies was observed in the group of mice exposed to Cr (Ⅵ) for 28 days than that for 14 days. Gliosis, neuronal morphological abnormalities, synaptic degeneration, BBB disruption and neuronal number loss were observed in HY. In terms of mechanism, the Nrf2 related antioxidant stress signaling dysfunction and activated NF-κB related inflammatory pathway were observed in HY of Cr (Ⅵ) intoxication mice. And these neuropathologies and signaling defects appeared in a timely dependent manner. Taking together, we proved that Cr (Ⅵ) can enter HY due to weaker BBB in HY and HY is the most vulnerable CNS region to Cr (Ⅵ) exposure. The concentration of Cr in HY increased along with time. The accumulated Cr in HY can cause BBB disruption, neuronal morphological abnormalities, synaptic degeneration and gliosis through Nrf2 and NF-κB signaling pathway. This finding improves our understanding of the neurological dysfunctions observed in individuals who have occupational exposure to Cr (Ⅵ), and provided potential therapeutic targets to treat neurotoxicological pathologies induced by Cr (Ⅵ).
关键词:
Air-/oil–water interfaces;Co-extraction;Emulsion/foam;Natural nanoparticle;Plant protein
摘要:
Enrichment of plant proteins with functionality is of great importance for expanding their application in food formulations. This study proposed an innovation to co-enrich soy protein and flaxseed protein to act as efficient interfacial stabilizers for generating foams and emulsions. The structure, interfacial properties, and functionalities of the soy protein-flaxseed protein natural nanoparticles (SFNPs) obtained by alkali extraction-isoelectric precipitation (AE) and salt extraction-dialysis (SE) methods were investigated. Overall, the foamability of AE-SFNPs (194.67%) was 1.45-fold that of SE-SFNPs, due to their more flexible structure, smaller particle size, and suitable surface wettability, promoting diffusion and adsorption at the air-water interface. AE-SFNPs showed higher emulsion stability (140.89min), probably because the adsorbed AE-SFNPs with smaller size displayed soft particle-like properties and stronger interfacial flexibility, and therefore could densely and evenly arrange at the interface, facilitating the formation of a stiff and solid-like interfacial layer, beneficial for more stable emulsion formation. The findings may innovatively expand the applications of SFNPs as food ingredients.
期刊:
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2024年260(Pt 1):129329 ISSN:0141-8130
通讯作者:
Cai, J
作者机构:
[Cai, Jie; Yang, Zhaoxing; Zhang, Die] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Jie] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Cai, J ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Food packaging;Starch;Tannic acid
摘要:
Developing efficient and biodegradable packaging films is of paramount significance owing to the scarcity of petroleum based resources. However, their applications in food packaging are limited due to their poor mechanical properties and inadequate biological activities. This study proposes a novel approach to develop the starch composite nanofibrous films (SNFs/TA/Fe(3+)) consisting of starch, tannic acid, and Fe(3+) using the temperature-assisted electrospinning method. The addition of TA resulted in a decrease in the rate of thermal degradation, indicating an improvement in the thermal stability of SNFs. However, the incorporation of TA or TA/Fe(3+) showed only a slight impact on the internal structure of SNFs. SNFs/TA/Fe(3+) loaded with 0.1wt% of Fe(3+) demonstrated a significantly higher tensile strength compared to SNFs and those loaded with TA alone. The presence of TA enhances the antioxidant activity of SNFs, and the robust SNFs/TA/Fe(3+) exhibited comparable antioxidant activity to SNFs/TA. However, the SNFs/TA/Fe(3+) showed a reduction in antibacterial activity, possibly due to the high valence state of the metal ions. Overall, these findings highlighted that a simple electrospinning method was used to produce SNFs/TA/Fe(3+) resulted in improved mechanical properties and antioxidant activity, offering a new strategy for the development of active food packaging using SNFs.
通讯机构:
[Chang, C; Wu, JE ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, 68 South Xuefu Rd, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Adding sequence;Curcumin;Heating pH;Self-aggregated;Zein/whey protein isolate (WPI)/pectin nanoparticles
摘要:
In this work, pectin was employed as a coating material to fabricate zein/whey protein isolate (WPI)/pectin complex nanoparticles via a pH-adjusted and heat-induced electrostatic adsorption process for potential oral administration applications of curcumin. Factors such as the order of raw material addition, heating temperature and pH, and zein concentration were comprehensively examined. In addition to electrostatic interactions, Fourier transform infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds were also involved in the development of complex nanoparticles. The complex nanoparticles obtained not only improved the antioxidant activity of curcumin in aqueous phase, but also contributed to its controlled release under gastrointestinal conditions. Our findings revealed that the heating pH and adding sequence of raw materials had a notable impact on the properties of complex nanoparticles, and that pectin coating had an exceptional stabilizing effect on complex nanoparticles under gastrointestinal circumstances. This study provides novel insights and perspectives for the preparation of polysaccharide-protein complex nanoparticles, signifying the potential use of zein/WPI/pectin complex nanoparticles as delivery vehicles in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries.
摘要:
Aratiometric assay was designed to improve the sensitivity and reliability of electrochemical immunosensors for deoxynivalenol (DON) detection. The indicator signal caused by the Fe-based metal-organic framework nanocomposites loaded with gold nanoparticles and the internal reference signal from the [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) in the electrolyte came together at the immunosensor. When immunoreactivity occurred, the indicator signals decreased as the concentration of DON increased, while the internal reference signals increased slightly. The ratio of the indicator signal to the internal reference signal was available for reproducible and sensitive monitoring of DON. The prepared immunosensor showed excellent performance in the range from 0.5 to 5000 pg mL(-1), and the detection limit was 0.0166 pg mL(-1). The immunosensor achieved satisfactory detection toward DON in spiked and actual samples and has a promising application in the control of DON in grain products.
期刊:
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2024年264(Pt 2):130597 ISSN:0141-8130
作者机构:
[Liu, Gang; Chen, Xi; Zhou, Lian; Lyu, Qingyun; Chen, Lei; Li, Ting; Feng, Hong; Wang, Xuedong] School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;[Chen, Xi; Chen, Lei; Wang, Xuedong] Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China;[Lyu, Qingyun] Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China. Electronic address: lqingy2018@whpu.edu.cn;[Liu, Gang] Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430023, China. Electronic address: liugang1982@whpu.edu.cn
摘要:
In this study, potato starch (PS)/naringenin (NAR) complex was prepared, and its properties and emulsification behavior were evaluated. The experimental results demonstrated that NAR successfully formed a complex with PS molecules through hydrogen bonds and other non-covalent interactions. The emulsifying capacity (ROV) of PS/NAR complex with 16% composite ratio was 0.9999, which was higher than PS (ROV=0.3329) (p<0.05). Based on particle property analysis and molecular dynamics simulation, the mechanism of improving the emulsification performance might be the action of the benzene ring of NAR and intermolecular hydrogen bonding. In addition, the stability of the Pickering emulsions with PS/NAR complexes as emulgators was significantly improved. The emulsifying and rheological behavior of starch-based Pickering emulsions could be adjusted by changing the proportion of the complexes. Results demonstrated that the PS/NAR complexes might be a prospective stabilizer of Pickering emulsions based on starch material and might expand the use of PS in edible products.
摘要:
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), a novel class of persistent pollutants, are widely distributed in the environment, and their potential health risks have garnered significant global attention in recent years. Crayfish is a popular freshwater crustacean product in China primarily sourced from the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The purpose of this study was to investigate the exposure levels of OPFRs in crayfish, assess the health and safety risks associated with crayfish consumption, and explore the bioaccumulation of OPFRs in environmental water and sediment on crayfish. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was employed to analyze 7 common OPFRs in 106 crayfish samples and 76 environmental samples. The results revealed that OPFRs were detected at a high frequency of 100% in crayfish, with tripropyl phosphate (TPP) being the predominant pollutant found in edible portions while also exhibiting secondary contamination within the crayfish food chain. Monte Carlo modeling combined with @risk risk assessment software demonstrated that TPP present in crayfish muscles had the most substantial impact on health effects, however, overall OPFR exposure did not pose significant risks to human health. Furthermore, analysis of OPFRs bioenrichment ability indicated that crayfish predominantly accumulated these compounds within their edible parts from surrounding environmental water sources, particularly highlighting TPP's potential for bioaccumulation.
摘要:
A rapid fluorescence detection method was established for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD). The detection system works based on the fluorescence quenching of pyrocatechol-polyethyleneimine (PCh-PEI) polymer by 3-MCPD. The fluorescence quenching ability of 3-MCPD for PCh-PEI polymer was measured at different pH and temperatures. Indeed, in the presence of 3-MCPD, the fluorescence intensity of PCh-PEI polymer solution was quenched best at 100 degrees C and pH 8.5. Also, the effect of different concentrations of 3-MCPD on the optical properties of the PCh-PEI polymer was examined. Under optimal experimental conditions, fluorescence detection was linear in a range of 0.08-2.0 mg per L 3-MCPD, with a calculated detection limit of 0.06 mg L-1 and a correlation coefficient of 0.9974. Concisely, the reported method has good sensitivity and can be used for the rapid detection of 3-MCPD contamination in food products. A rapid fluorescence detection method was established for 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD).
摘要:
Customized control of the biological response between the material matrix and cells is a crucial aspect in the development of the next generation of collagen materials. This study aims to investigate the effects of ultrahigh pressure treatment on the interaction between collagen and cells by subjecting bovine tendon collagen to different intensities of ultrahigh pressure field. The results indicate that ultrahigh pressure treatment alters the spatial folding of collagen, causing distortion of its triple helical conformation and exposing more free amino groups and hydrophobic regions. As a result, collagen's cell adhesion capability and ability to promote cell migration are significantly enhanced. Optimal cell adhesion and migration capabilities are observed in collagen samples treated at 500 MPa for 15 min. However, further increasing the intensity of the ultrahigh pressure treatment leads to severe damage to the triple-helical structure of collagen, along with re-aggregation of free amino groups and hydrophobic moieties, thereby reducing collagen's cell adhesion capability and ability to promote cell migration. Therefore, ultrahigh pressure treatment offers a promising method to effectively regulate collagen-cell adhesion and promote cell migration without the need for external components. This provides a potential means for the customized enhancement of collagen-based material interfaces.
通讯机构:
[Wu, Y ; Wang, XD; Fu, Y] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Xuefu South Rd 68, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词:
Frozen raw noodle;Frozen storage quality improvement;Modified starch;Texture
摘要:
The impacts of both structural variations induced by low temperature and physiochemical changes induced by modified starch on the qualities of frozen raw noodles (FRNs) were investigated during long-term freezing storage. The addition of modified starch was a potentially effective method to delay the loss of FRNs qualities during storage. In this study, hydroxypropyl starch (HPS) and hydroxypropyl distarch phosphate (HPDSP) were added to improve the cooking and textural characteristics of FRNs. The cooking loss rate of FRNs with the addition of 12%HPS was consistent with that of the control (4.39 % and 4.37 %, respectively), while after 8 weeks of storage showed the significant decrease effect (5.01 % and 5.78 %, respectively). In addition, adding HPS or HPDSP could change the colour and lustre of FRNs to that preferred by consumers. When 6 % HPS or HPDSP were added, the FRNs showed the lowest of freezable water content during storage. The test results of FTIR showed the secondary structure of FRNs was maintained with the introduction of HPS or HPDSP during refrigeration, and the microstructure was improved during the frozen storage period. Consequently, the results provided a theoretical basis and new insight for the production and transportation of FRNs.
摘要:
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is considered to be one of the promising methods to combat pathogenic bacteria. However, traditional PTT is prone to generate undesired temperature increase to surrounding normal tissues, which limits the application of PTT. Herein, an acid-responsive PTT system (Au nanoparticles system: AuNPs-S) was constructed based on the photothermal feature of spherical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and the low pH of the bacterial infected site. AuNPs-S is composed of two kinds of AuNPs: AuNPs modified with Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Asp-Cys (peptide A) were denoted as AuNPs-A; AuNPs modified with 2,3-dimethylmaleic anhydride (DA) grafted Lys-Gly-Gly-Lys-Gly-Gly-Lys-Cys (peptide B) were denoted as AuNPs-B/DA. AuNPs-B/DA with an acid-responsive moiety showed a charge-convertible feature. The negatively charged AuNPs-B/DA became positively charged AuNPs-B at low pH, aggregating with the negatively charged AuNPs-A via an electrostatic interaction, reaching the threshold to the interparticle plasmonic coupling effect among AuNPs, thereby killing bacteria precisely under the irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light through the elevated temperature at the targeted area. This acid-responsive PTT strategy supplies an excellent mode for combating bacterial infections with no vital damage to normal tissues.
摘要:
Cadmium (Cd) is widely distributed in the environment and easy adsorbed by living organisms with adverse effects. Exposure to Cd-contaminated food may disrupt lipid metabolism and increase human health risk. To study the perturbation effect of Cd on lipid metabolism in vivo, 24 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly assigned four groups and treated by Cd chloride solution (0, 1.375 mg/kg, 5.5 mg/kg, 22 mg/kg) for 14 days. The characteristic indexes of serum lipid metabolism were analyzed. Afterwards, untargeted metabolomics analysis was applied to explore the adverse effects of Cd on rats by liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The results revealed that Cd exposure obviously decreased the average serum of triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and caused an imbalance of endogenous compounds in the 22 mg/kg Cd-exposed group. Compared with the control group, 30 metabolites with significant differences were identified in the serum. Our results indicated that Cd caused lipid metabolic disorders in rats by disrupting linoleic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways. Furthermore, there were three kinds of remarkable differential metabolites-9Z,12Z-octadecadienoic acid, PC(20:4(8Z,11Z,14Z,17Z)/0:0), and PC(15:0/18:2(9Z,12Z)), which enriched the two significant metabolism pathways and could be the potential biomarkers.
摘要:
Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) is a worldwide grain storage pest controlled by chemical control methods of phosphine fumigation, which results in many hazards, damages human health, makes pests resistant to pesticides, and pollutes the environment. In recent years, the popularity of botanical insecticides has continued to rise, and plant essential oils (EO) are considered potential alternatives for developing insecticides. In the current study, we selected the Chamaecyparis obtusa EO to determine its insecticidal effects and component analysis on T. castaneum. Through gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) technology, cedrol was the most obvious compound in the signal peak of the volatile components detected in the C. obtusa EO. The results of the bioassay showed that the C. obtusa EO had certain contact activity against T. castaneum, and the LD(50) was 52.54μg/adult. At three concentrations (0.41,1.62, 2.83 uL/cm(2)), the repellent rates of C. obtusa EO against T. castaneum were all above 80% at 15, 30, 60, and 120min, respectively, indicating that the repellent effect was strong. Meanwhile, the C. obtusa EO exhibited fumigant toxicity against T. castaneum with LC(50) values of 7.09μg/L air. In addition, C. obtusa EO significantly increased the activity of AChE, CarE, POD, CAT, T-SOD, and chitinase in T. castaneum. Finally, the mechanism of C. obtusa EO on T. castaneum adults was explored based on transcriptome sequencing. We found that the DEGs focused on the chitin metabolic process and some aging genes in T. castaneum. Therefore, C. obtusa EO could be used as potential eco-friendly candidates for stored grain pest management.
作者机构:
[He, Jiangling; Zhou, Jiaojiao; Cai, Jie; Zhou, JJ; Lv, Xuqin; Xie, Fang; Gui, Yue] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se rich Agr Prod Proc, Hubei Engn Res Ctr Deep Proc Green Se rich Agr Pro, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Jie; Lv, Xuqin] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构:
[Cai, J ; Zhou, JJ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se rich Agr Prod Proc, Hubei Engn Res Ctr Deep Proc Green Se rich Agr Pro, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.