作者机构：
[Michael Schmitt] Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany;[Rustam Guliev] Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany;[Jonas Ballmaier; Orlando Guntinas-Lichius] Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany;[Chen Liu] School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China;[Edoardo Farnesi; Juergen Popp; Dana Cialla-May] Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany<&wdkj&>Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
通讯机构：
[Dana Cialla-May] I;Institute of Physical Chemistry (IPC) and Abbe Center of Photonics (ACP), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany<&wdkj&>Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Leibniz Health Technologies, Member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
摘要：
Early detection of head and neck cancer (HNC) is critical for improving prognosis and survival rates. Many cases are diagnosed at advanced stages due to subtle initial symptoms and the complexity of the head and neck anatomy, which complicates clinical examination and biopsy procedures. Therefore, there is an urgent need for non-invasive, reliable, and rapid diagnostic methods suitable for point-of-care (POC) settings. In this study, we applied surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to develop a rapid screening method for HNC diagnosis using cerumen as the medium. The study aimed to utilize a SERS-based machine learning (ML) approach to distinguish between cerumen samples from healthy individuals and those with HNC. Principal Component Analysis and Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) were performed to analyze and differentiate the cerumen samples. By comparing the SERS spectra of healthy donors with those of HNC patients, we identified SERS spectral features associated with the presence of tumors. The PCA-LDA method successfully classified healthy and HNC cerumen samples with 87.2% accuracy, 87.3% specificity, 87% sensitivity, and a 90% area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC AUC) curve. This cerumen-SERS-ML workflow proved effective for the rapid identification and evaluation of HNC, offering a promising tool for disease diagnosis.
摘要：
The individual and combined effects of cold plasma and enzymatic hydrolysis modification on the yield, structural, physicochemical and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from wheat bran were investigated. The results indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis and combined modification (cold plasma followed by enzymatic hydrolysis) significantly enhanced the yield of SDF to 15.08% and 14.65%, respectively. In terms of structure, all three modifications resulted in partial cleavage of glycosidic and hydrogen bonds, leading to the reduction in the molecular weights of SDFs. The cold plasma-modified SDF displayed a loose lamellar microstructure with small pores, while honeycomb-like pores were observed on the surface of SDF modified by two others. The combined-modified SDF exhibited the most significant structural alterations, which resulted in its lowest viscosity and highest water solubility in all tested SDF. Furthermore, the cold plasma-modified SDF demonstrated the highest α-amylase inhibition ability and bile salt adsorption capacity; while the combined-modified SDF showed the best performance in glucose adsorption capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the combination of cold plasma and enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising strategy for improving not only the yield but also the physicochemical and functional properties of SDF in wheat bran.
The individual and combined effects of cold plasma and enzymatic hydrolysis modification on the yield, structural, physicochemical and functional properties of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) derived from wheat bran were investigated. The results indicated that enzymatic hydrolysis and combined modification (cold plasma followed by enzymatic hydrolysis) significantly enhanced the yield of SDF to 15.08% and 14.65%, respectively. In terms of structure, all three modifications resulted in partial cleavage of glycosidic and hydrogen bonds, leading to the reduction in the molecular weights of SDFs. The cold plasma-modified SDF displayed a loose lamellar microstructure with small pores, while honeycomb-like pores were observed on the surface of SDF modified by two others. The combined-modified SDF exhibited the most significant structural alterations, which resulted in its lowest viscosity and highest water solubility in all tested SDF. Furthermore, the cold plasma-modified SDF demonstrated the highest α-amylase inhibition ability and bile salt adsorption capacity; while the combined-modified SDF showed the best performance in glucose adsorption capacity, cholesterol adsorption capacity and antioxidant capacity. In conclusion, the combination of cold plasma and enzymatic hydrolysis is a promising strategy for improving not only the yield but also the physicochemical and functional properties of SDF in wheat bran.
摘要：
Total starch granule-associated proteins (tGAP), including granule-channel (GCP) and granule-surface proteins (GSP), alter the physicochemical properties of starches. Quinoa starch (QS) acts as an effective emulsifier in Pickering emulsion. However, the correlation between the tGAP and the emulsifying capacity of QS at different scales remains unclear. Herein, GCP and tGAP were selectively removed from QS, namely QS-C and QS-A. Results indicated that the loss of tGAP increased the water permeability and hydrophilicity of the starch particles. Mesoscopically, removing tGAP decreased the diffusion rate and interfacial viscous modulus. Particularly, GSP had a more profound impact on the interfacial modulus than GCP. Microscopically and macroscopically, the loss of tGAP endowed QS with weakened emulsifying ability in terms of emulsions with larger droplet size and diminished rheological properties. Collectively, this work demonstrated that tGAP played an important role in the structural and interfacial properties of QS molecules and the stability of QS-stabilized emulsions.
摘要：
Some probiotic films have not shown satisfactory antibacterial performance, which limits their application in food. The purpose of this study is to improve the antibacterial activity of probiotic film by using probiotics to ferment the film solution, and to solve the problem of weak antibacterial performance of probiotic film. In this study, the solution composed of gum arabic/whey protein isolate/isomalt/glycerol was firstly fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) HN001, and then prepared into probiotic fermented films. The effect of probiotic fermentation on the films properties was systematically evaluated in this study. These results demonstrated that probiotic fermentation enhanced the mechanical strength, water barrier properties, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity of the films. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the probiotic-fermented films exhibited a more compact and coherent structure. Characterization of the films revealed that probiotic fermentation improved the compatibility between the film components and altered the conformation of whey protein. Compared to the non-fermented probiotic films, the probiotic-fermented films exhibited an 11% increase in the inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus and a 21% increase in the inhibition rate against Salmonella. The probiotic-fermented films successfully delayed the spoilage of fresh pork stored at 4 °C, effectively inhibiting microbial growth and reproduction, demonstrating a more effective preservation effect than the non-fermented probiotic films. This study provides an effective and convenient method for improving the antibacterial properties and preservation effect of probiotic films.
Some probiotic films have not shown satisfactory antibacterial performance, which limits their application in food. The purpose of this study is to improve the antibacterial activity of probiotic film by using probiotics to ferment the film solution, and to solve the problem of weak antibacterial performance of probiotic film. In this study, the solution composed of gum arabic/whey protein isolate/isomalt/glycerol was firstly fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) HN001, and then prepared into probiotic fermented films. The effect of probiotic fermentation on the films properties was systematically evaluated in this study. These results demonstrated that probiotic fermentation enhanced the mechanical strength, water barrier properties, thermal stability, and antioxidant activity of the films. According to the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the probiotic-fermented films exhibited a more compact and coherent structure. Characterization of the films revealed that probiotic fermentation improved the compatibility between the film components and altered the conformation of whey protein. Compared to the non-fermented probiotic films, the probiotic-fermented films exhibited an 11% increase in the inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus and a 21% increase in the inhibition rate against Salmonella. The probiotic-fermented films successfully delayed the spoilage of fresh pork stored at 4 °C, effectively inhibiting microbial growth and reproduction, demonstrating a more effective preservation effect than the non-fermented probiotic films. This study provides an effective and convenient method for improving the antibacterial properties and preservation effect of probiotic films.
作者机构：
[Xun Pei; Zushan Tan; Yilin Li; Muci Wu; Wangting Zhou] School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;[Jinzeng Wang] Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules & Magnetic Information Materials Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Material Science, Shanxi Normal University, Taiyuan 030031, China;[Chen Liu] School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;[Nabil Grimi] Université de Technologie de Compiègne UTC/ESCOM, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (TIMR), Compiègne 60203, France;[Jingren He; Rui Zhang] School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
通讯机构：
[Chen Liu; Rui Zhang] S;School of Modern Industry for Selenium Science and Engineering, National R&D Center for Se-rich Agricultural Products Processing, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Deep Processing of Green Se-rich Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>School of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
摘要：
This study investigated the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF, E = 0–6 kV/cm, t = 0–5.65 ms) on cell disruption and selective extraction of intracellular components from selenium-enriched Konjac fly powder, in comparison with high pressure homogenization (HPH). The intracellular components extractability and cell disruption degree were evaluated by extraction indexes and cell disruption index, respectively. Results showed that PEF significantly improved cell disruption and components release. The extraction indexes increased with higher E and t . The extractability order was ionic components > carbohydrates > proteins, while the maximum selenium level was obtained at 1.13 ms. Compared to HPH, PEF favored carbohydrates extraction over proteins. For example, at 3 kJ/g, PEF gave a selectivity index ( S ) ≈ 3.0 (4 kV/cm) and ≈ 4.2 (6 kV/cm), while HPH gave S ≈ 2.3. Non-linear relationships between extraction indexes and cell disruption index reflected PEF differential effects on cell membranes and walls.
This study investigated the effect of pulsed electric field (PEF, E = 0–6 kV/cm, t = 0–5.65 ms) on cell disruption and selective extraction of intracellular components from selenium-enriched Konjac fly powder, in comparison with high pressure homogenization (HPH). The intracellular components extractability and cell disruption degree were evaluated by extraction indexes and cell disruption index, respectively. Results showed that PEF significantly improved cell disruption and components release. The extraction indexes increased with higher E and t . The extractability order was ionic components > carbohydrates > proteins, while the maximum selenium level was obtained at 1.13 ms. Compared to HPH, PEF favored carbohydrates extraction over proteins. For example, at 3 kJ/g, PEF gave a selectivity index ( S ) ≈ 3.0 (4 kV/cm) and ≈ 4.2 (6 kV/cm), while HPH gave S ≈ 2.3. Non-linear relationships between extraction indexes and cell disruption index reflected PEF differential effects on cell membranes and walls.
期刊：
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2025年293:139340 ISSN：0141-8130
通讯作者：
Zhang, Rui;He, JR
作者机构：
[Chen, Ming; Pei, Xun; Yin, Jinjing; Zhang, Rui; Xiong, Sihui; Wu, Muci; He, Jingren] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Natl R&D Ctr Se rich Agr Prod Proc, Hubei Engn Res Ctr Deep Proc Green Se Rich Agr Pro, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Oliveira, Helder; Mateus, Nuno] Univ Porto, Fac Sci, Dept Chem & Biochem, REQUIMTE LAQV, P-4169007 Porto, Portugal.;[Ye, Shuxin] Yun Hong Grp Co Ltd, Wuhan 430206, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Rui; He, Jingren] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[He, Jingren; Zhang, Rui] Wuhan Polytech Univ, 36 Huanhu Middle Rd, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[He, JR ; Zhang, R] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, 36 Huanhu Middle Rd, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Antioxidant activity;Antiproliferative capacity;Phenolics;Protein;Purple rice (Oryza sativa L.)
摘要：
Purple rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a rich in endogenous phenolics and proteins. The naturally occurring interactions between phenolic compounds and proteins have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. In this study, four protein fractions of purple rice (albumin, prolamin, globulin, and glutelin) were extracted, and both protein-free and protein-bound phenolics (PFP and PBP) were isolated from each protein fraction. The major phenolics compounds identified in different protein fraction included protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid. Additionally, the PFP in the albumin fraction exhibited the highest number of anthocyanin glycosides (7 types) among all phenolic compounds, while the remaining compounds were identified only as cornflower-3-glucoside and paeoniflorin-3-glucoside. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant activity and cancer cell inhibitory effects of PFP and PBP in various protein fraction were investigated using chemiluminescence and cellular assays. The results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of H₂O₂ was more pronounced than that of other free radicals (O₂ − and OH − ), with albumin and prolamin exhibiting heightened antioxidant activities. Notably, the PBP in various protein fractions showed a higher antiproliferative capacity than their corresponding PFP, indicating a potential synergistic effect of protein-phenolic interactions that differed between the two cell lines, MKN-28 and HT-29.
Purple rice ( Oryza sativa L.) is a rich in endogenous phenolics and proteins. The naturally occurring interactions between phenolic compounds and proteins have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. In this study, four protein fractions of purple rice (albumin, prolamin, globulin, and glutelin) were extracted, and both protein-free and protein-bound phenolics (PFP and PBP) were isolated from each protein fraction. The major phenolics compounds identified in different protein fraction included protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and ferulic acid. Additionally, the PFP in the albumin fraction exhibited the highest number of anthocyanin glycosides (7 types) among all phenolic compounds, while the remaining compounds were identified only as cornflower-3-glucoside and paeoniflorin-3-glucoside. Moreover, the in vitro antioxidant activity and cancer cell inhibitory effects of PFP and PBP in various protein fraction were investigated using chemiluminescence and cellular assays. The results demonstrated that the inhibitory effect of H₂O₂ was more pronounced than that of other free radicals (O₂ − and OH − ), with albumin and prolamin exhibiting heightened antioxidant activities. Notably, the PBP in various protein fractions showed a higher antiproliferative capacity than their corresponding PFP, indicating a potential synergistic effect of protein-phenolic interactions that differed between the two cell lines, MKN-28 and HT-29.
期刊：
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2025年308(Pt 3):142352 ISSN：0141-8130
通讯作者：
Cai, J
作者机构：
[Cai, Jie; Liu, Nian; Yang, Zhaoxing; He, Zhijun; Feng, Xiaofang; Xie, Fang] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Cai, Jie; Liu, Xiaoqing] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cai, J ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Modern Ind Selenium Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Delivery;OSA starch;Selenium nanoparticles
摘要：
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit significant potential in antitumor therapy. However, challenges such as aggregation and lack of targeting capability limit their application. Herein, we developed selenium-loaded octenyl succinic anhydride starch (OSAS) micelles functionalized with folic acid (FA) for targeted tumor delivery. The FA-OSAS-SeNPs were synthesized through self-assembly, incorporating SeNPs into FA-conjugated OSAS micelles. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV–visible spectrophotometry confirmed the successful synthesis of FA-OSAS-SeNPs. The nanoparticles exhibited an average size of 131.66 ± 7.88 nm and a zeta potential of −19.54 ± 0.33 mV, with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of approximately 87.28 % and 8.96 %, respectively. FA-OSAS-SeNPs demonstrated good stability across various conditions, including different dilution ratios, temperatures, pH levels, and ionic strengths. In vitro studies showed that FA-OSAS-SeNPs exhibited significant targeted inhibitory effects on cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and markedly increased intracellular ROS levels, inducing apoptosis. This study presents a novel and effective strategy for targeted SeNPs delivery systems in tumor therapy, offering a valuable reference for future development of nanomaterials for clinical applications in cancer treatment.
Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) exhibit significant potential in antitumor therapy. However, challenges such as aggregation and lack of targeting capability limit their application. Herein, we developed selenium-loaded octenyl succinic anhydride starch (OSAS) micelles functionalized with folic acid (FA) for targeted tumor delivery. The FA-OSAS-SeNPs were synthesized through self-assembly, incorporating SeNPs into FA-conjugated OSAS micelles. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and UV–visible spectrophotometry confirmed the successful synthesis of FA-OSAS-SeNPs. The nanoparticles exhibited an average size of 131.66 ± 7.88 nm and a zeta potential of −19.54 ± 0.33 mV, with encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capacity of approximately 87.28 % and 8.96 %, respectively. FA-OSAS-SeNPs demonstrated good stability across various conditions, including different dilution ratios, temperatures, pH levels, and ionic strengths. In vitro studies showed that FA-OSAS-SeNPs exhibited significant targeted inhibitory effects on cervical cancer (HeLa) cells and markedly increased intracellular ROS levels, inducing apoptosis. This study presents a novel and effective strategy for targeted SeNPs delivery systems in tumor therapy, offering a valuable reference for future development of nanomaterials for clinical applications in cancer treatment.
作者机构：
[Wang, Ziying; Liu, Haiqing; Weng, Yunxiang; Fang, Yan; Zheng, Xinwei; Chen, Qinhui] Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Xun] Xuzhou Vocat Coll Ind Technol, Coll Mat Engn, Xuzhou 221000, Peoples R China.;[Fan, Xianmou] Guangdong Med Univ, Affiliated Hosp, Dept Plast Surg, Zhanjiang 524000, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Guozhen] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Sun, X ] X;[Chen, QH; Fang, Y ; Liu, HQ] F;[Fan, XM ] G;Fujian Normal Univ, Coll Chem & Mat Sci, Fujian Prov Key Lab Polymer Mat, Fuzhou 350007, Fujian, Peoples R China.;Xuzhou Vocat Coll Ind Technol, Coll Mat Engn, Xuzhou 221000, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Cotton gauze;Hemostasis;Polysaccharide
摘要：
Cotton gauze remains a clinically prevalent hemostatic material, yet its effectiveness remains compromised by bleeding. We have deposited cationic quaternized chitosan (QCS) and anionic catechol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HADA) nanofibers onto cotton gauze to prepare QCS/HADA@gauze. Upon blood contact, oppositely charged nanofibers electrostatically adhere through complementary charge interactions. The interfiber complexation achieves dual hemostatic mechanisms by rapidly establishing a physical barrier while concurrently entrapping circulating blood components (erythrocytes and platelets). Furthermore, the QCS/HADA@gauze can adhere firmly to the tissue, preventing bleeding through the gap between the gauze and the tissue. Additionally, the QCS/HADA@gauze can be removed easily when needed by using NaCl solution. QCS/HADA@gauze exhibits superior coagulation and hemostatic performance than both cotton gauze and Combat Gauze™. Furthermore, QCS/HADA@gauze has exceptional biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Our study confirms that this strategy for designing hemostatic fabric has considerable potential.
Cotton gauze remains a clinically prevalent hemostatic material, yet its effectiveness remains compromised by bleeding. We have deposited cationic quaternized chitosan (QCS) and anionic catechol-functionalized hyaluronic acid (HADA) nanofibers onto cotton gauze to prepare QCS/HADA@gauze. Upon blood contact, oppositely charged nanofibers electrostatically adhere through complementary charge interactions. The interfiber complexation achieves dual hemostatic mechanisms by rapidly establishing a physical barrier while concurrently entrapping circulating blood components (erythrocytes and platelets). Furthermore, the QCS/HADA@gauze can adhere firmly to the tissue, preventing bleeding through the gap between the gauze and the tissue. Additionally, the QCS/HADA@gauze can be removed easily when needed by using NaCl solution. QCS/HADA@gauze exhibits superior coagulation and hemostatic performance than both cotton gauze and Combat Gauze™. Furthermore, QCS/HADA@gauze has exceptional biocompatibility and antibacterial activity. Our study confirms that this strategy for designing hemostatic fabric has considerable potential.
关键词：
Gel properties;Gelatinizing properties;Microstructure;Wheat starch;gWPI
摘要：
Glycated whey protein isolate (gWPI) was produced by dry thermal reaction between whey protein isolate (WPI) and lactose, and its influence on the gelatinization, gel properties, and microstructure changes of wheat starch (WS) was systematically studied. Results showed that gWPI significantly inhibited starch gelatinization and improved starch gel properties. RVA and DSC analysis showed that gWPI decreased viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) in a concentration-dependent manner. When gWPI concentration was 12 %, the peak viscosity and ΔH decreased by 36 cP and 3.11 J/g, respectively. gWPI competed with WS for water and inhibited WS water absorption and expansion. Rheological results showed that the viscoelasticity of the gel decreased by adding gWPI and that of WS-gWPI was a pseudoplastic fluid with shear-thinning behavior. In addition, gWPI covered the WS surface in the form of hydrogen bonds, which inhibited the leaching of amylose, thereby reducing the particle size of the gelatinized starch and its iodine binding ability. AFM results showed that gWPI combined with WS weakened the aggregation of starch molecular chains and decreased the height of starch. In conclusion, gWPI can be used as a gelatinizing regulator to improve starch properties.
Glycated whey protein isolate (gWPI) was produced by dry thermal reaction between whey protein isolate (WPI) and lactose, and its influence on the gelatinization, gel properties, and microstructure changes of wheat starch (WS) was systematically studied. Results showed that gWPI significantly inhibited starch gelatinization and improved starch gel properties. RVA and DSC analysis showed that gWPI decreased viscosity and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) in a concentration-dependent manner. When gWPI concentration was 12 %, the peak viscosity and ΔH decreased by 36 cP and 3.11 J/g, respectively. gWPI competed with WS for water and inhibited WS water absorption and expansion. Rheological results showed that the viscoelasticity of the gel decreased by adding gWPI and that of WS-gWPI was a pseudoplastic fluid with shear-thinning behavior. In addition, gWPI covered the WS surface in the form of hydrogen bonds, which inhibited the leaching of amylose, thereby reducing the particle size of the gelatinized starch and its iodine binding ability. AFM results showed that gWPI combined with WS weakened the aggregation of starch molecular chains and decreased the height of starch. In conclusion, gWPI can be used as a gelatinizing regulator to improve starch properties.
摘要：
Acid-catalyzed organosolv pretreatments using various acids and organic solvents have been widely studied for biomass fractionation. However, few studies have explored whether specific combinations of acids and solvents are necessary to achieve optimal enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, organosolv pretreatments were performed on corn stover under mild conditions (120 °C, 2 h) using four biomass-derived solvents (ethylene glycol (EG), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), and γ-valerolactone (GVL)) in an 80:20 solvent-to-water weight ratio, combined with four acids (HCl, H 2 SO 4 , AlCl 3 and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH)) as catalysts (0.1 mol/L). The results showed specific interactions between the acid and solvent. HCl- and AlCl 3 -catalyzed GVL/H 2 O, HCl- and TsOH-catalyzed EG/H 2 O, and HCl-catalyzed DMI/H 2 O exhibited high pretreatment efficacy, achieving enzymatic glucose yields of approximately 80 % after 48 h of hydrolysis. The evaluation of solvent effects using Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) revealed no clear correlation with delignification, likely due to the influence of acidic catalysts and the formation of condensed lignin and pseudo-lignin, which may distort the delignification data. Additionally, the chemical composition and cellulose-related factors (accessibility, degree of polymerization and crystallinity) of pretreated biomass were analyzed and correlated with enzymatic glucose yield to evaluate their effects on biomass saccharification. In summary, this study underscores the specificity of acids in organosolv biomass pretreatment and cautions against relying solely on HSP theory for solvent selection when using acidic catalysts.
Acid-catalyzed organosolv pretreatments using various acids and organic solvents have been widely studied for biomass fractionation. However, few studies have explored whether specific combinations of acids and solvents are necessary to achieve optimal enzymatic cellulose hydrolysis. In this study, organosolv pretreatments were performed on corn stover under mild conditions (120 °C, 2 h) using four biomass-derived solvents (ethylene glycol (EG), 1,4-butanediol (BDO), dimethyl isosorbide (DMI), and γ-valerolactone (GVL)) in an 80:20 solvent-to-water weight ratio, combined with four acids (HCl, H 2 SO 4 , AlCl 3 and p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH)) as catalysts (0.1 mol/L). The results showed specific interactions between the acid and solvent. HCl- and AlCl 3 -catalyzed GVL/H 2 O, HCl- and TsOH-catalyzed EG/H 2 O, and HCl-catalyzed DMI/H 2 O exhibited high pretreatment efficacy, achieving enzymatic glucose yields of approximately 80 % after 48 h of hydrolysis. The evaluation of solvent effects using Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP) revealed no clear correlation with delignification, likely due to the influence of acidic catalysts and the formation of condensed lignin and pseudo-lignin, which may distort the delignification data. Additionally, the chemical composition and cellulose-related factors (accessibility, degree of polymerization and crystallinity) of pretreated biomass were analyzed and correlated with enzymatic glucose yield to evaluate their effects on biomass saccharification. In summary, this study underscores the specificity of acids in organosolv biomass pretreatment and cautions against relying solely on HSP theory for solvent selection when using acidic catalysts.
摘要：
Flupyradifurone is a novel butenolide insecticide widely applied to control a broad range of sucking pests, including Myzus persicae . However, resistance monitoring has revealed that several Chinese populations have developed moderate resistance to flupyradifurone. Therefore, we investigated the risk and underlying mechanisms of flupyradifurone resistance in M. persicae . A flupyradifurone-resistant strain (FDF-R) was established through 14 generations of selection and exhibited a 35.02-fold increase in resistance. FDF-R showed cross-resistance to acetamiprid (13.9-fold), sulfoxaflor (3.5-fold), and imidacloprid (4.2-fold), but not to tested pyrethroid or carbamate insecticides. The synergist piperonyl butoxide significantly increased flupyradifurone toxicity in FDF-R, suggesting the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, whereas the other two synergists had no effect. Enzyme assays revealed 1.74-fold higher P450 activity in FDF-R compared to the susceptible strain. Gene expression analysis showed significant overexpression of seven P450 genes, including CYP380C34 , CYP6CY36 , CYP6CY4 , and CYP6CY3 . Moreover, RNAi silencing of CYP6CY36 and CYP380C34 significantly increased susceptibility to flupyradifurone. Additionally, molecular docking further confirmed strong binding affinities between these two P450 enzymes and flupyradifurone. These findings demonstrate that P450-mediated detoxification contributes to M. persicae resistance to flupyradifurone.
Flupyradifurone is a novel butenolide insecticide widely applied to control a broad range of sucking pests, including Myzus persicae . However, resistance monitoring has revealed that several Chinese populations have developed moderate resistance to flupyradifurone. Therefore, we investigated the risk and underlying mechanisms of flupyradifurone resistance in M. persicae . A flupyradifurone-resistant strain (FDF-R) was established through 14 generations of selection and exhibited a 35.02-fold increase in resistance. FDF-R showed cross-resistance to acetamiprid (13.9-fold), sulfoxaflor (3.5-fold), and imidacloprid (4.2-fold), but not to tested pyrethroid or carbamate insecticides. The synergist piperonyl butoxide significantly increased flupyradifurone toxicity in FDF-R, suggesting the involvement of cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, whereas the other two synergists had no effect. Enzyme assays revealed 1.74-fold higher P450 activity in FDF-R compared to the susceptible strain. Gene expression analysis showed significant overexpression of seven P450 genes, including CYP380C34 , CYP6CY36 , CYP6CY4 , and CYP6CY3 . Moreover, RNAi silencing of CYP6CY36 and CYP380C34 significantly increased susceptibility to flupyradifurone. Additionally, molecular docking further confirmed strong binding affinities between these two P450 enzymes and flupyradifurone. These findings demonstrate that P450-mediated detoxification contributes to M. persicae resistance to flupyradifurone.
摘要：
The effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) and Spirulina platensis (SP) at concentrations of 0 %–12 % on the properties of rice starch (RS) was investigated. Compared with pure RS, the addition of CP and SP powder decreased the viscosity, increased the gelatinization temperature, and promoted the retrogradation of RS gel. However, when CP was added at 12 % and SP at 8 %, retrogradation inhibition was reduced. At these concentrations, the relative crystallinity of the CP mixture increased by 57.37 %, whereas that of SP increased by 48.13 %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of low amount of CP and SP reduced porosity. CP and SP powder facilitated the conversion of bound water to free water and contributed to the weakening of the viscoelasticity of the RS gel. CP powder likely had a more detrimental effect on the short-term storage properties of RS than SP powder. These results provide theoretical support for the development of RS-based products and the innovative utilization of microalgae.
The effect of Chlorella pyrenoidosa (CP) and Spirulina platensis (SP) at concentrations of 0 %–12 % on the properties of rice starch (RS) was investigated. Compared with pure RS, the addition of CP and SP powder decreased the viscosity, increased the gelatinization temperature, and promoted the retrogradation of RS gel. However, when CP was added at 12 % and SP at 8 %, retrogradation inhibition was reduced. At these concentrations, the relative crystallinity of the CP mixture increased by 57.37 %, whereas that of SP increased by 48.13 %. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the addition of low amount of CP and SP reduced porosity. CP and SP powder facilitated the conversion of bound water to free water and contributed to the weakening of the viscoelasticity of the RS gel. CP powder likely had a more detrimental effect on the short-term storage properties of RS than SP powder. These results provide theoretical support for the development of RS-based products and the innovative utilization of microalgae.
摘要：
It is an urgent need of rapid and sensitive method for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ( E. coli O157:H7), a class of hazardous foodborne pathogens in food safety. The traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a dominant rapid detection technic, takes disadvantages of low test sensitivity due to the insufficient enzyme loading capacity. In this study, we successfully synthesized the self-assembled Au/polydopamine (PDA)/HRP nanocomposites with the high enzyme loading on the outer surface and in the inner space. The high catalytic activity of Au/PDA/HRP was maintained by virtue of its hyperbranched flexible structure. For E. coli O157:H7 detection in milk samples, the proposed immunoassay achieved a visual cut-off value of 10 3 cfu mL −1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.8 × 10 2 cfu mL −1 , 33 and 46 times more sensitive than the traditional ELISA, respectively. The tremendous advantages of high sensitivity, excellent specificity and adequate recovery make it promising for sensitively monitoring various kinds of pathogenic bacteria in food safety.
It is an urgent need of rapid and sensitive method for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ( E. coli O157:H7), a class of hazardous foodborne pathogens in food safety. The traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a dominant rapid detection technic, takes disadvantages of low test sensitivity due to the insufficient enzyme loading capacity. In this study, we successfully synthesized the self-assembled Au/polydopamine (PDA)/HRP nanocomposites with the high enzyme loading on the outer surface and in the inner space. The high catalytic activity of Au/PDA/HRP was maintained by virtue of its hyperbranched flexible structure. For E. coli O157:H7 detection in milk samples, the proposed immunoassay achieved a visual cut-off value of 10 3 cfu mL −1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.8 × 10 2 cfu mL −1 , 33 and 46 times more sensitive than the traditional ELISA, respectively. The tremendous advantages of high sensitivity, excellent specificity and adequate recovery make it promising for sensitively monitoring various kinds of pathogenic bacteria in food safety.
摘要：
The aim of this work was to develop a fluorescence method based on the polydopamine-polyethyleneimine (PDA-PEI) copolymerization, which was subsequently applied for the determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in food contact papers (FCMs). PEI could provide an alkaline environment and then react with dopamine (DA) to produce copolymers by Michael addition and Schiff-base reactions. This copolymer has a strong fluorescence emission at 527 nm. We found that amino groups of DA and PEI could also react with 3-MCPD in an alkaline medium, which improved the morphology and fluorescence intensity of PDA-PEI copolymers. The fluorescence intensity of the polymers was linear but inversely proportional to the concentration of 3-MCPD in the range of 10.0–500.0 μg kg−1 and the detection limit was 2 μg kg−1. The standard addition method was used in FCMs to demonstrate the practical applicability and the spiked recoveries ranged from 99.8 to 110.3 %. Finally, the levels of 3-MCPD in different FCMs (n = 70) were determined by the proposed method. The detection frequencies ranged from 25 % to 100 % and both the highest detection frequency and levels were observed in kitchen papers. More than half of the samples did not comply with the limits recommended by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, suggesting that 3-MCPD released from FCMs is a major route of human exposure.
The aim of this work was to develop a fluorescence method based on the polydopamine-polyethyleneimine (PDA-PEI) copolymerization, which was subsequently applied for the determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in food contact papers (FCMs). PEI could provide an alkaline environment and then react with dopamine (DA) to produce copolymers by Michael addition and Schiff-base reactions. This copolymer has a strong fluorescence emission at 527 nm. We found that amino groups of DA and PEI could also react with 3-MCPD in an alkaline medium, which improved the morphology and fluorescence intensity of PDA-PEI copolymers. The fluorescence intensity of the polymers was linear but inversely proportional to the concentration of 3-MCPD in the range of 10.0–500.0 μg kg−1 and the detection limit was 2 μg kg−1. The standard addition method was used in FCMs to demonstrate the practical applicability and the spiked recoveries ranged from 99.8 to 110.3 %. Finally, the levels of 3-MCPD in different FCMs (n = 70) were determined by the proposed method. The detection frequencies ranged from 25 % to 100 % and both the highest detection frequency and levels were observed in kitchen papers. More than half of the samples did not comply with the limits recommended by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, suggesting that 3-MCPD released from FCMs is a major route of human exposure.
作者机构：
[Xiaoxue Yin; Fangjiao Chen; Bingyu Han; Xuedong Wang; Wenping Ding; Beibei Ding] School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China;[Jun You] Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei Key laboratory of Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
通讯机构：
[Beibei Ding] S;School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
摘要：
Pickering emulsions have been acknowledged as a viable method for safeguarding the flavor compounds in essential oils. In this study, chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) was prepared via ultrasonic exfoliation of chitin that had undergone pretreatment involving ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation and partial deacetylation. The prepared ChNWs were then employed to stabilize Pickering emulsions for the encapsulation of flavor compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil (ZBO). The stability of the Pickering emulsions was assessed through various techniques including EI value, particle size distribution, CLSM, rheological properties, and the release of flavor compounds was analyzed using electronic nose and GC-IMS. The findings indicated that the ChNWs strongly adsorbed at the oil-water interface, leading to the formation of a protective capping layer around the ZBO droplets. This phenomenon effectively reduced the rate of lipid oxidation and inhibited the release of flavor compounds.
Pickering emulsions have been acknowledged as a viable method for safeguarding the flavor compounds in essential oils. In this study, chitin nanowhiskers (ChNWs) was prepared via ultrasonic exfoliation of chitin that had undergone pretreatment involving ammonium persulfate (APS) oxidation and partial deacetylation. The prepared ChNWs were then employed to stabilize Pickering emulsions for the encapsulation of flavor compounds in Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil (ZBO). The stability of the Pickering emulsions was assessed through various techniques including EI value, particle size distribution, CLSM, rheological properties, and the release of flavor compounds was analyzed using electronic nose and GC-IMS. The findings indicated that the ChNWs strongly adsorbed at the oil-water interface, leading to the formation of a protective capping layer around the ZBO droplets. This phenomenon effectively reduced the rate of lipid oxidation and inhibited the release of flavor compounds.
通讯机构：
[Gao, P ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci Engn, Minist Educ China, Key Lab Edible Oil Qual & Safety,State Adm Market, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Food Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A2, Canada.
关键词：
iron walnut oil;UPLC-QTOF-MS;antioxidant activity;phenolic compounds;fatty acid profile;geographic variability
摘要：
This study examines the chemical composition and antioxidant properties of iron walnut oil (IWO) from different Chinese regions, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for the analysis of phenolic compounds. Regional variations were identified in fatty acid profiles, with elevated α-linolenic acid levels observed in samples from cooler climates (e.g., Liaoning, sample 1) that were 60% higher than in samples from warmer regions (e.g., Sichuan, sample 2). Antioxidant properties, quantified using 1,1-diphenylpicryl phenyl hydrazine (DPPH), 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS), and Ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays, corresponded to both oil polyphenol content (up to 62.91 mg/kg) and γ-tocopherol concentrations (268.68-525.05 mg/kg). Nineteen phenolic acids and flavonoids were identified, including ellagic acid, gallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, quercetin, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, coniferol, and pinoresinol. This comprehensive analysis underscores the nutritional and therapeutic potential of IWO, and delineates the impact of geographic and environmental factors on its quality, providing a scientific foundation for further research and development aimed at enhancing food industry standards and exploring natural product chemistry.
摘要：
Edible oils are susceptible to contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly PAH4 compounds, which include Benzo[a]anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, and Benzo[a]pyrene, all of which are recognized for their toxic and carcinogenic properties. This review examines the mechanisms underlying the formation of PAH4 in edible oils, with a particular focus on the transformation process from oilseeds to oil. Factors influencing the formation of PAH4 include environmental contamination, the composition of fatty acids, and processing methods such as extraction, refining, and cooking. High-temperature techniques, including roasting, frying, grilling, and baking, facilitate PAH4 formation through lipid oxidation and thermal decomposition. Conversely, low-temperature and short-duration treatments, such as cold pressing, along with refining processes, effectively reduce PAH4 levels in oils. Although detection methods such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) are reliable, they are also costly and time-consuming. In contrast, methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy, electrochemical sensors, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-based optical sensors are more appropriate for on-site rapid detection. To reduce PAH4 concentrations, it is advisable to select raw materials with minimal contamination, utilize cold pressing or refining techniques during processing, and choose oils that are low in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, employing low-temperature cooking methods, such as steaming or boiling, is recommended. The incorporation of antioxidants during both processing and cooking can further mitigate PAH4 levels. This systematic review offers specific guidance for oil production and food safety monitoring, thereby enhancing the safety and quality of edible oils in the market.
Edible oils are susceptible to contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), particularly PAH4 compounds, which include Benzo[a]anthracene, Chrysene, Benzo[b]fluoranthene, and Benzo[a]pyrene, all of which are recognized for their toxic and carcinogenic properties. This review examines the mechanisms underlying the formation of PAH4 in edible oils, with a particular focus on the transformation process from oilseeds to oil. Factors influencing the formation of PAH4 include environmental contamination, the composition of fatty acids, and processing methods such as extraction, refining, and cooking. High-temperature techniques, including roasting, frying, grilling, and baking, facilitate PAH4 formation through lipid oxidation and thermal decomposition. Conversely, low-temperature and short-duration treatments, such as cold pressing, along with refining processes, effectively reduce PAH4 levels in oils. Although detection methods such as High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) are reliable, they are also costly and time-consuming. In contrast, methods such as fluorescence spectroscopy, electrochemical sensors, and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)-based optical sensors are more appropriate for on-site rapid detection. To reduce PAH4 concentrations, it is advisable to select raw materials with minimal contamination, utilize cold pressing or refining techniques during processing, and choose oils that are low in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, employing low-temperature cooking methods, such as steaming or boiling, is recommended. The incorporation of antioxidants during both processing and cooking can further mitigate PAH4 levels. This systematic review offers specific guidance for oil production and food safety monitoring, thereby enhancing the safety and quality of edible oils in the market.
摘要：
Epidemiological evidence on maternal thyroid function disruption by prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs) is limited and inconsistent. The study examined the effects of PFASs exposure during early pregnancy on maternal thyroid function [free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and FT4/TSH ratio]. The associations were evaluated using both single and mixed pollutant models, statistical analyses were further utilized in benchmark dose (BMD) estimations to offer critical references for human health risk assessment. Linear regression was used and then Bonferroni correction adjustment was set up to correct for multiple comparisons. The results revealed a significant association between PFHxS exposure and TSH (β = 0.473; 95% CI: 0.180, 0.767). According to BKMR mixed-effects models, PFHxS was significantly positively correlated with TSH at the 25th percentile. PFASs were associated with the FT4/TSH ratio at the 25th to 40th percentile. The BMD value of the increasing FT4 effect induced by PFBA and PFPeA in pregnant women were 6.68 ng/mL and 1.37 ng/mL, respectively. The BMDs were obtained for TSH in the case of PFBA (0.33 ng/mL), PFHxS (0.28 ng/mL). Although BMDL 10 is higher than observed for maternal TSH elevation in animal studies, both studies agree that thyroid homeostasis is the sensitive target. The fact that BMD results at this stage are lower than current exposure levels to PFHxS underscores the urgency of prioritizing endocrine end points in PFASs risk assessment.
Epidemiological evidence on maternal thyroid function disruption by prenatal exposure to perfluorinated and polyfluorinated substances (PFASs) is limited and inconsistent. The study examined the effects of PFASs exposure during early pregnancy on maternal thyroid function [free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) and FT4/TSH ratio]. The associations were evaluated using both single and mixed pollutant models, statistical analyses were further utilized in benchmark dose (BMD) estimations to offer critical references for human health risk assessment. Linear regression was used and then Bonferroni correction adjustment was set up to correct for multiple comparisons. The results revealed a significant association between PFHxS exposure and TSH (β = 0.473; 95% CI: 0.180, 0.767). According to BKMR mixed-effects models, PFHxS was significantly positively correlated with TSH at the 25th percentile. PFASs were associated with the FT4/TSH ratio at the 25th to 40th percentile. The BMD value of the increasing FT4 effect induced by PFBA and PFPeA in pregnant women were 6.68 ng/mL and 1.37 ng/mL, respectively. The BMDs were obtained for TSH in the case of PFBA (0.33 ng/mL), PFHxS (0.28 ng/mL). Although BMDL 10 is higher than observed for maternal TSH elevation in animal studies, both studies agree that thyroid homeostasis is the sensitive target. The fact that BMD results at this stage are lower than current exposure levels to PFHxS underscores the urgency of prioritizing endocrine end points in PFASs risk assessment.
摘要：
The potential health effects of exposure to rare earth elements (REEs) remain largely unexplored. This prospective cohort study aimed to elucidate the association between early pregnancy REE exposure and maternal thyroid function, as well as neonatal birth outcomes, in a cohort of pregnant women in Beijing, China. Additionally, the study explored the mediating role of thyroid homeostasis in the effects of REE exposure. Serum concentrations of fifteen REEs, along with Free Thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb), were measured in 195 pregnant women. Multivariable linear regression analyses identified significant correlations between REE exposure and disruptions in maternal thyroid homeostasis. Specifically, Praseodymium (Pr) and Lutetium (Lu) were positively associated with FT4 levels, while Gadolinium (Gd) showed a positive correlation with TSH levels. Conversely, Thulium (Tm) was negatively associated with FT4 levels, and Yttrium (Y) was negatively correlated with TSH levels, indicating distinct interactions of specific REEs with thyroid regulation. Notably, Lu remained positively correlated with FT4 levels (β = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.55, 2.22) after adjusting for multiple comparisons. Regarding neonatal birth outcomes, Dysprosium (Dy) was found to be negatively associated with infant birth weight (β = −0.09, 95% CI = −0.170, −0.002). Furthermore, gender-specific analyses revealed significant associations between REE exposure and TPOAb levels among female neonates. Mediation analyses indicated that TSH significantly mediated the relationships between Terbium (Tb) and Y exposure and neonatal birth outcomes. The study suggests that REEs may disrupt endocrine function, particularly thyroid hormones, which could adversely affect neonatal growth, highlighting the need for further research on their impact in vulnerable populations.
The potential health effects of exposure to rare earth elements (REEs) remain largely unexplored. This prospective cohort study aimed to elucidate the association between early pregnancy REE exposure and maternal thyroid function, as well as neonatal birth outcomes, in a cohort of pregnant women in Beijing, China. Additionally, the study explored the mediating role of thyroid homeostasis in the effects of REE exposure. Serum concentrations of fifteen REEs, along with Free Thyroxine (FT4), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), and Thyroid Peroxidase Antibodies (TPOAb), were measured in 195 pregnant women. Multivariable linear regression analyses identified significant correlations between REE exposure and disruptions in maternal thyroid homeostasis. Specifically, Praseodymium (Pr) and Lutetium (Lu) were positively associated with FT4 levels, while Gadolinium (Gd) showed a positive correlation with TSH levels. Conversely, Thulium (Tm) was negatively associated with FT4 levels, and Yttrium (Y) was negatively correlated with TSH levels, indicating distinct interactions of specific REEs with thyroid regulation. Notably, Lu remained positively correlated with FT4 levels (β = 1.39, 95% CI = 0.55, 2.22) after adjusting for multiple comparisons.
Regarding neonatal birth outcomes, Dysprosium (Dy) was found to be negatively associated with infant birth weight (β = −0.09, 95% CI = −0.170, −0.002). Furthermore, gender-specific analyses revealed significant associations between REE exposure and TPOAb levels among female neonates. Mediation analyses indicated that TSH significantly mediated the relationships between Terbium (Tb) and Y exposure and neonatal birth outcomes. The study suggests that REEs may disrupt endocrine function, particularly thyroid hormones, which could adversely affect neonatal growth, highlighting the need for further research on their impact in vulnerable populations.
