作者：
Yin, F. G.;Liu, Y. L.;Yin, Y. L.*;Kong, X. F.;Huang, R. L.;...
期刊：
Amino Acids,2009年37(2):263-270 ISSN：0939-4451
通讯作者：
Yin, Y. L.
作者机构：
[Kong, X. F.; Huang, R. L.; Yin, F. G.; Li, T. J.; Yin, Y. L.; Wu, G. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr & Human Hlth, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Kong, X. F.; Huang, R. L.; Yin, F. G.; Li, T. J.; Yin, Y. L.; Wu, G. Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Y. L.; Hou, Yongqing; Yin, Y. L.] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, G. Y.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Yin, F. G.; Li, T. J.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yin, Y. L.] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Lab Anim Nutr & Human Hlth, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.
摘要：
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of a polysaccharide of Atractylodes macrophala Koidz (PAM) as a dietary additive on growth performance, immunoglobulin concentration and IL-1β expression in weaned piglets. One hundred and twenty Landrace×Yorkshire piglets weaned at 28 days old (body weight 7·5±0·07 kg) were assigned to five treatment groups (three pens/group, eight piglets/pen) fed maize/soybean-based diets supplemented with 0, 3, 6 or 9 g of PAM/kg diet or antibiotics (0·4 g flavomycin/kg+0·13 g olaquindox/kg). The experimental period was 28 days. With increasing PAM supplementation levels, average daily gain was greater (quadratic, P<0·05) and the ratio of amount fed to live weight (LW) gain (feed/gain) improved (quadratic, P<0·05) during days 14–28 and overall, and diarrhoea incidence decreased (linear, P<0·05) during days 14–28. Supplementation of PAM also increased (quadratic, P<0·05) serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-2 and IL-6 on day 14, and increased (quadratic, P<0·05) IL-1β expression in jejunal mucosa and lymph nodes. Concentrations of PAM between 6 and 9 g/kg presented the strongest bioactivity compared to the control group or antibiotic-fed group. These findings indicate that PAM is effective in improving growth performance and cytokine response, which suggests that PAM can be used as a diet additive for weanling piglets.
摘要：
The present study was conducted to determine the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus (AS) extract as a dietary additive on serum contents and apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) in weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, 60 piglets with an average body weight (BW) of 5.64 kg were randomly assigned into 3 treatment groups who received maize-soybean-based diets supplemented with 0 or 1 g/kg of AS extract or 0.2 g/kg of colistin (n = 20 in each group). Blood samples were randomly collected from 5 piglets per group on days 7, 14 and 28 after the initiation of supplementation to determine the serum contents of free AA. In Exp. 2,12 barrows with an average initial BW of 7.64 kg were also randomly assigned into 3 dietary treatment groups after being surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. Samples of terminal ileal digesta were collected on day 7 for analysis of the AID of AA. The data showed that the serum contents and AID of most AA in the AS extract-supplemented group gradually increased by 15.3-80.8% and 4.1-30.8%, respectively, as the experiment proceeded in comparison with the colistin-supplemented group and/or control group. In conclusion. these findings indicated that AS extract could enhance the digestion and absorption of AA, which may be a potential mechanism of growth promotion. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.
摘要：
A study was conducted with 48 weaned barrows ($28{\pm}3d$, $8.45{\pm}0.14kg$) to determine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on pig performance, immunological, adrenal and somatotropic responses following Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial design; the main factors included diet (supplementation with 0 or 500 mg/kg ABPS) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). On d 14 and 21 of the trial, pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection with either $100{\mu}g/kg$ BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained 3 h after injection for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and immunoglobulin G (IgG). On d 2 after LPS challenge, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was measured. LPS administration decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05), had a tendency to decrease average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.10) during both the first and second challenge periods and increased (p<0.05) feed:gain ratio only during the first challenge period. ABPS tended to improve ADG (p<0.10) during the first challenge period, and improved ADG (p<0.05) and tended to improve ADFI (p<0.10) during the second challenge period. ABPS did not affect feed:gain ratio. An interaction (p<0.05) between LPS challenge and diet was observed for the plasma concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and cortisol after both LPS challenges such that, among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed the ABPS diet were lower for these indices than those receiving the control diet. In contrast, pigs fed the ABPS diet had higher IGF-I (p<0.05) compared with those fed the control diet. No effect of diet, LPS challenge or both on GH and IgG was observed after both LPS administrations. LPS challenge increased PBLP when these cells were incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS during both the challenge periods, and did likewise when incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of concanavalin A only after the first challenge. ABPS had no effect on PBLP. These data demonstrate that ABPS alters the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an immunological challenge, which might enable pigs to achieve better performance.
摘要：
To determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs, two experiments were designed with the experimental diets containing five true digestible P levels (0.16%, 0.20%, 0.23%, 0.26% and 0.39%) and the ratio of total calcium to true digestible P (TDP) kept at 2:1. In Experiment 1, five barrows (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average initial body weight of 27.9 kg were used in a $5{\times}5$ Latin-square design to evaluate the effect of different dietary P levels on the digestibility and output of P and nitrogen. In Experiment 2, sixty healthy growing pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Yorkshire) with an average body weight (BW) of 21.4 kg were assigned randomly to one of the five dietary treatments (12 pigs/diet), and were used to determine the true digestible phosphorus (TDP) requirement of growing pigs on the basis of growth performance and serum biochemical indices. The results indicated that the true digestibility of P increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing dietary TDP level below 0.26%. The true P digestibility was highest (56.6%) when dietary TDP was 0.34%. Expressed as g/kg dry matter intake (DMI), fecal P output increased (p<0.05) linearly with increasing P input. On the basis of g/kg fecal dry matter (DM), fecal P output was lowest for Diet 4 and highest (p<0.05) for Diet 5. The apparent digestibility of crude protein (CP) did not differ (p>0.05) among the five diets, with the average nitrogen output of 12.14 g/d and nitrogen retention of 66% to 74% (p>0.05), which suggested that there was no interaction between dietary P and CP protein levels. During the 28-d experimental period of Experiment 2, the average daily gain (ADG) of pigs was affected by dietary TDP levels as described by Eq. (1): $y=-809,532x^4+788,079x^3-276,250x^2+42,114x-1,759$; ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = ADG, g/d; x = dietary TDP, %), F/G for pigs by Eq. (2): $y=3,651.1x^4-3,480.4x^3+1,183.8x^2-172.5x+10.9$ ($R^2=0.99$; p<0.01; y = F/G; x = dietary TDP, %), and Total P concentrations in serum by Eq. (3): $y=-3,311.7x^4+3,342.7x^3-1,224.6x^2+195.6x-8.7$ (R2 = 0.99; p<0.01; y = total serum P concentration and x = dietary TDP, %). The highest ADG (782 g/d), the lowest F/G (1.07) and the highest total serum P concentration (3.1 mmol/L) were obtained when dietary TDP level was 0.34%. Collectively, these results indicate that the optimal TDP requirement of growing pigs is 0.34% of the diet at a total Ca to TDP ratio of 2:1.
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Acanthopanax senticosus extract (ASE) as a dietary additive on gut microflora in weaned piglets. A total of sixty pigs were weaned at 21 d of age (BW = 5.64±0.23 kg) and allocated on the basis of BW and litter to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design. The dietary treatments were: control group (basal diet), antibiotics group (basal diet+0.02% colistin), and ASE group (basal diet+0.1% ASE). On d 7, 14 and 28 after consuming the experimental diets, five piglets per group were sacrificed and then the contents from the jejunum, ileum and cecum were collected to determine changes in the microbial community by using a polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) technique and estimating the contents of Lactobacillus and E. coli by in vitro culturing methods. The results showed that the ASE promoted the microflora diversity in the cecum. Enumeration of bacteria in the gut contents showed that the number of Lactobacillus increased (p<0.05), while that of E. coli decreased (p<0.05) when compared with the other 2 groups as the days of age progressed post-weaning. These findings suggested that the ASE, as a substitute for dietary antimicrobial products, could improve the development of the normal gut microflora and suppress bacterial pathogens, and effectively promote a healthy intestinal environment.
摘要：
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, has been implicated in regulation of immunity and inflammation in rodents and humans. The objective of the current study was to investigate whether the expression of PPAR gamma was altered in the immune system of weaned pigs after Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. PPAR gamma expression was investigated in the thymus, spleen, mesenteric lymph node and peripheral white blood cells of weaned pigs (8.54 +/- 0.24 kg BW) after LPS injection (100 mu g/kg BW, n = 6) and controls (sterile saline, n = 6), by using real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines and hormones were also assessed. LPS triggered PPAR gamma mRNA and protein expression in the thymus (P < 0.05, 4.24-fold; P < 0.10, 1.46-fold), spleen (P < 0.10, 2.75-fold; P < 0.05, 1.84-fold), mesenteric lymph node (P < 0.05, 4.32-fold; P < 0.05, 1.96-fold) and peripheral white blood cells (P < 0.001, 24.44-fold; P < 0.001, 1.58-fold). The LPS-injected pigs showed an increase in PPAR gamma staining in splenic corpuscle and periarterial lymphatic sheath of white pulp (P < 0.05) and red pulp (P < 0.001) of spleen, and in medullas of thymus lobule of thymus (P < 0.05), and in thymus-dependent area of mesenteric lymph node (P < 0.05) compared to the control pigs. Concurrent with up-regulation of PPAR gamma expression, LPS induced increases in plasma interleukin-6 (P < 0.001), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (P < 0.001), cortisol (P < 0.001), prostaglandin E-2 (P < 0.01) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) (P < 0.05), and decreases in plasma insulin (P < 0.10) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (P < 0.001). These results suggest that induction of PPAR gamma expression in immune system may be associated with the release of the natural PPAR gamma activating ligand 15d-PGJ(2), and play an important role in host response to immunological stress. Additionally, it is possible that PPAR gamma would be a new therapeutic target in treatment of immunological stress of livestock. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
