摘要：
The embryonic loss during early stage of gestation is one of the major causes of infertility for domestic ruminants, causing huge economic losses to pasture. Maternal recognition of pregnancy and implantation are the crucial process for determining the successful establishment and development of pregnancy in cattle. The research on molecular mechanisms of pregnancy recognition will facilitate illustrating the complex process of pregnancy establishment and help to improve pregnancy outcomes. In this study, we performed transcriptomic analysis of primary bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEND) with or without IFNT and hormones intervention through RNA sequencing. We eventually identified 608 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 409 up-regulated genes and 199 down-regulated genes in IFNT and hormones-treated group compared with control group. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis demonstrated that the majority of DEGs were implicated in immune system process, response to external stimulus, response to cytokine, regulation of response to stress. Results from KEGG analysis showed a significant enrichment of NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, antigen processing and presentation, necroptosis, oxidative phosphorylation, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway. Additionally, a set of promising candidate genes, including (USP18, STAT1, PSMB8, IFIH1, MX2, IFI44, DHX58, CASP8, DRAM1, CXCR4), were characterized by constructing an integrated interaction network. Specifically, the mRNA expression of HOXA11, PTGS1 and PTGS2 were remarkably suppressed by silencing DRAM1 under IFNT and hormone administration, thus speculating that DRAM1 might play a crucial role in early pregnancy by regulating endometrial function. The results of this study depicted a relatively comprehensive transcriptional profiles of BEND in response to IFNT and hormones, which contributes to a better understanding of gene interaction network and underlying regulatory mechanisms in endometrium of ruminants during early pregnancy.
摘要：
Many factors induced by environmental toxicants have made oxidative stress a risk factor for the intestinal barrier injury and growth restriction, which is serious health threat for human and livestock and induces significant economic loss. It is well-known that diquat-induced oxidative stress is implicated in the intestinal barrier injury. Although some studies have shown that mitochondria are the primary target organelle of diquat, the underlying mechanism remains incompletely understood. Recently, mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) have aroused increasing concerns among scholars, which participate in mitochondrial dynamics and signal transduction. In this study, we investigated whether MAMs involved in intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells). The results showed that diquat induced growth restriction and impaired intestinal barrier. The mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) was increased and mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased following diquat exposure. The ultrastructure of mitochondria and MAMs was also disturbed. Meanwhile, diquat upregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress marker protein and activated PERK pathway. Furthermore, loosening MAMs alleviated intestinal barrier injury, decrease of antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in IPEC-J2 cells, while tightening MAMs exacerbated diquat-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. These results suggested that MAMs may be associated with the intestinal barrier injury and mitochondrial dysfunction induced by diquat in the jejunum of piglets.
作者机构：
[Xiao, Peng; Zhang, He; Li, Renhui; Li, RH; Gao, Kaihui] Wenzhou Univ, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Subtrop Water Environm & Mar, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China.;[Cheng, Yao] Harbin Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci & Technol, Harbin 150025, Peoples R China.;[Geng, Rouzhen] Minist Ecol & Environm Peoples Republ China, Taihu & Basin East China Sea Ecol Environm Supervi, Res Ctr Monitoring & Environm Sci, Shanghai 200125, Peoples R China.;[Xiao, Peng; Zhang, He; Li, Renhui; Li, RH] Wenzhou Univ, Natl & Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ecol Treatment Tec, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Zhixu] Hangzhou Bur Ecol & Environm, Chunan Branch, Hangzhou 311700, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cai, FF ; Li, RH ] W;Wenzhou Univ, Zhejiang Prov Key Lab Subtrop Water Environm & Mar, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China.;Wenzhou Univ, Natl & Local Joint Engn Res Ctr Ecol Treatment Tec, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China.;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
new species;16S rRNA gene;16S–23S ITS;polyphasic approach
摘要：
During the study of diversity in filamentous cyanobacteria in China, two strains (WZU0719 and WZU0723) with the form of thin filaments were isolated from the surface of Qiandao Lake, a large freshwater lake in Zhejiang Province, China. A comprehensive analysis was conducted, incorporating morphological, ecological, and molecular data. The morphological examination provided an initial identification as a Leptolyngbya-like cyanobacterium. Genetic characterization was also performed by amplifying the 16S rRNA gene and the 16S-23S rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The phylogenetic grouping based on the 16S rRNA gene demonstrates that the examined strain is unequivocally assigned to the Pegethrix genus. However, it possesses distinct phylogenetic divergence from the six described Pegethrix species. Additionally, discrepancies in habitat further differentiate it from other members of this genus. Employing the polyphasic approach, we present a comprehensive account of the newly discovered taxa: Pegethrix qiandaoensis sp. nov. The novel taxonomic finding in this research significantly contributes to enhancing the comprehension of Pegethrix diversity across various habitats.
摘要：
The effects of monolaurin (ML) on the health of piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) have not been fully understood. This study aimed to investigate its role in blood biochemical profile, intestinal barrier function, antioxidant function and the expression of antiviral genes in piglets infected with PEDV. Thirty-two piglets were randomly divided into four groups: control group, ML group, PEDV group and ML + PEDV group. Piglets were orally administrated with ML at a dose of 100 mg/kg·BW for 7 d before PEDV infection. Results showed that PEDV infection significantly decreased D-xylose content and increased intestinal fatty acid-binding protein content, indicating that PEDV infection destroyed intestinal barrier and absorption function. While it could be repaired by ML administration. Moreover, ML administration significantly decreased plasma blood urea nitrogen and total protein content upon PEDV infection. These results suggested ML may increase protein utilisation efficiency. ML administration significantly decreased the number of large unstained cells and Hb and increased the number of leucocytes and eosinophils in the blood of PEDV-infected piglets, indicating ML could improve the immune defense function of the body. In the presence of PEDV infection, ML administration significantly increased superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in blood and colon, respectively, indicating ML could improve antioxidant capacity. Besides, ML administration reversed the expression of ISG15, IFIT3 and IL-29 throughout the small intestine and Mx1 in jejunum and ileum, indicating the body was in recovery from PEDV infection. This study suggests that ML could be used as a kind of feed additive to promote swine health upon PEDV infection.
摘要：
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in four kinds of fermented soybean-related products used as traditional Chinese food: fermented soybean (FS), fermented qianzhang (FQ), fermented bean curd (FB) and fermented okara (FO). A total of 203 samples, comprising FS (40 samples), FQ (60), FB (41) and FO (62), were collected from free markets of agricultural food, convenience stores and supermarkets in Hubei province, China from November 2021 to January 2022. The AFB1 contamination in samples was assessed using a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Ninety-eight samples (48.3%) were AFB1-positive with a concentration range of 0.36-11.26 mu g/kg and a mean value of 2.2 mu g/kg. Among the four kinds of products, only FS was found to have some samples (n = 13) with AFB1 levels exceeding China's legal limit of 5 mu g/kg and it had the highest AFB1-positive percentage (97.5%). Moreover, the mean content of AFB1 in the FS samples was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in the other three kinds of samples. Therefore, feasible measures are needed to continually monitor and strictly prevent the production of AFB1 in these products, especially FS, to reduce the health risk to consumers of AFB1 exposure.
摘要：
The Type VI secretion system (T6SS) functions as a protein transport nanoweapon in several stages of bacterial life. Even though bacterial competition is the primary function of T6SS, different bacteria exhibit significant variations. Particularly in Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC), research into T6SS remains relatively limited. This study identified the uncharacterized gene evfG within the T6SS cluster of ExPEC RS218. Through our experiments, we showed that evfG is involved in T6SS expression in ExPEC RS218. We also found evfG can modulate T6SS activity by competitively binding to c-di-GMP, leading to a reduction in the inhibitory effect. Furthermore, we found that evfG can recruit sodA to alleviate oxidative stress. The research shown evfG controls an array of traits, both directly and indirectly, through transcriptome and additional tests. These traits include cell adhesion, invasion, motility, drug resistance, and pathogenicity of microorganisms. Overall, we contend that evfG serves as a multi-functional regulator for the T6SS and several crucial activities. This forms the basis for the advancement of T6SS function research, as well as new opportunities for vaccine and medication development.
关键词：
Baicalin;Glaesserella parasuis;Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry;Myosin light chain kinase-myosin light chain;P2Y6;Pannexin 1;Phospholipase C-Protein kinase C
摘要：
Glaesserella parasuis can induce endothelial barrier damage in piglets, although the mechanism by which this pathogen triggers inflammatory damage remains unclear. Baicalin possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. However, whether baicalin can relieve endothelial barrier damage caused by Glaesserella parasuis infection has not yet been studied. Hence, we evaluated the ability of baicalin to counteract the changes induced by Glaesserella parasuis in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells. The results showed that Glaesserella parasuis could upregulate the expression of pannexin 1 channel protein and promote the release of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine 3'-monophosphate, uridine triphosphate, uridine diphosphate, and uridine monophosphate in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells. The expression level of purinergic receptor P2Y6 was upregulated in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells triggered by Glaesserella parasuis. In addition, Glaesserella parasuis could activate phospholipase C-protein kinase C and myosin light chain kinase-myosin light chain signaling pathways in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells. Baicalin could inhibit pannexin 1 channel protein expression, reduce adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine 3'-monophosphate, uridine triphosphate, uridine diphosphate, and uridine monophosphate release, and attenuate the expression level of P2Y6 in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells induced by Glaesserella parasuis. Baicalin could also reduce the activation of phospholipase C-protein kinase C and myosin light chain kinase-myosin light chain signaling pathways in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells triggered by Glaesserella parasuis. Our study report that Glaesserella parasuis could promote pannexin 1 channel protein expression, induce nucleosides substance release, and P2Y6 expression in porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells and baicalin could inhibit the expression levels of pannexin 1, nucleosides substance, and P2Y6 in the porcine aortic vascular endothelial cells induced by Glaesserella parasuis, which might be served as some targets for treatment of inflammation disease caused by Glaesserella parasuis.
期刊：
Journal of Hazardous Materials,2023年459:132262 ISSN：0304-3894
通讯作者：
Wang, X;Yang, XZ
作者机构：
[Wang, Xu; Guo, Pu; Wang, Xinru; Hu, Siyi; Lu, Qirong; Yang, Yaqin] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xu; Guo, Pu; Wang, Xinru; Hu, Siyi; Lu, Qirong; Yang, Yaqin] Huazhong Agr Univ, MAO Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Wang, Xu; Guo, Pu; Hu, Siyi; Lu, Qirong; Yang, Yaqin] Huazhong Agr Univ, MAO Lab Risk Assessment Qual & Safety Livestock &, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, XZ; Yang, Xinzhou] South Cent Univ Nationalities, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Guo, Pu; Lu, Qirong] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Yang, XZ ] S;[Wang, X ] H;Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues HZAU, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Huazhong Agr Univ, MAO Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;South Cent Univ Nationalities, Sch Pharmaceut Sci, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Agonist;BBB;Daucosterol;PGC-1α;T-2 toxin
摘要：
T-2 toxin is a common environmental pollutant and contaminant in food and animal feed that represents a great challenge to human and animal' health throughout the world. Using natural compounds to prevent the detrimental effects of T-2 toxin represents an attractive strategy. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1 alpha) is a critical regulator in various cellular processes. Recently, PGC-1 alpha activation has been reported to confer protection against neurological injuries. We aimed to identify a potent PGC-1 alpha activator from plants as a chemopreventive compound and to demonstrate the efficacy of the compound in attenuating T-2 toxin-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) toxicity. We identified daucosterol, which binds directly to the 71-74 (-1100 to -1000 bp) position of the second promoter of human PGC-1 alpha by hydrogen bonding. An in vitro and in vivo T-2 toxin induced BBB injury model revealed that this compound can protect against this injury by increasing transepithelial/transendothelial electrical resistance, reducing sodium fluorescein (NaF) infiltration and increasing the expression of tight junction-related proteins (zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin (OCLN), claudin-5 (CLDN5)) expression. In conclusion, we identified daucosterol as representing a novel of PGC-1 alpha activators and illustrated the mechanism of specific binding site. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using natural compounds targeting PGC-1 alpha as a therapeutic approach to protect humans from environmental insults that may occur daily such as lipopolysaccharide.
摘要：
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most prevalent mycotoxins in feed, which causes organ toxicity in animals. Therefore, reducing DON-induced organ toxicity can now be accomplished effectively using protective agents. This review provides an overview of multiple studies on a wide range of protective agents and their molecular mechanisms against DON organ toxicity. Protective agents include plant extracts, yeast products, bacteria, peptides, enzymes, H2, oligosaccharides, amino acids, adsorbents, vitamins and selenium. Among these, biological detoxification of DON using microorganisms to reduce the toxicity of DON without affecting the growth performance of pigs may be the most promising detoxification strategy. This paper also evaluates future developments related to DON detoxification and discusses the detoxification role and application potential of protective agents. This paper provides new perspectives for future research and development of safe and effective feed additives.
摘要：
Estrus is crucial for cow fertility in modern dairy farms, but almost 50% of cows do not show the behavioral signs of estrus due to silent estrus and lack of suitable and high-accuracy methods to detect estrus. MiRNA and exosomes play essential roles in reproductive function and may be developed as novel biomarkers in estrus detection. Thus, we analyzed the miRNA expression patterns in milk exosomes during estrus and the effect of milk exosomes on hormone secretion in cultured bovine granulosa cells in vitro. We found that the number of exosomes and the exosome protein concentration in estrous cow milk were significantly lower than in non-estrous cow milk. Moreover, 133 differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs were identified in estrous cow milk vs. non-estrous cow milk. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that exosomal miRNAs were involved in reproduction and hormone-synthesis-related pathways, such as cholesterol metabolism, FoxO signaling pathway, Hippo signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, steroid hormone biosynthesis, Wnt signaling pathway and GnRH signaling pathway. Consistent with the enrichment signaling pathways, exosomes derived from estrous and non-estrous cow milk both could promote the secretion of estradiol and progesterone in cultured bovine granulosa cells. Furthermore, genes related to hormonal synthesis (CYP19A1, CYP11A1, HSD3B1 and RUNX2) were up-regulated after exosome treatment, while exosomes inhibited the expression of StAR. Moreover, estrous and non-estrous cow-milk-derived exosomes both could increase the expression of bcl2 and decrease the expression of p53, and did not influence the expression of caspase-3. To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate exosomal miRNA expression patterns during dairy cow estrus and the role of exosomes in hormone secretion by bovine granulosa cells. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for further investigating milk-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNA effects on ovary function and reproduction. Moreover, bovine milk exosomes may have effects on the ovaries of human consumers of pasteurized cow milk. These differential miRNAs might provide candidate biomarkers for the diagnosis of dairy cow estrus and will assist in developing new therapeutic targets for cow infertility.
通讯机构：
[Baoxin Wang; Ao Zhou; Wenhua Zhang; Xia Dong; Jing Zhang; Hongbo Chen] L;Laboratory of Genetic Breeding,Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming,School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering,China<&wdkj&>Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding,Hubei,Wuhan 430023,China
关键词：
Introduction;Materials and Methods;Results;Discussion;Conclusion;Abstract;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interests;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Acknowledgments;Supplementary Materials;Reference;Dataset Description;Dataset Files;Abstract;Introduction;Introduction and Materials;Introduction and Methods;Materials;Materials and Methods;Methods;Results;Discussion;Results and Discussion;Discussion and Conclusion;Results and Conclusion;Conclusion;Conclusions;Data Availability;Additional Points;Ethical Approval;Consent;Disclosure;Conflicts of Interest;Authors’ Contributions;Funding Statement;Acknowledgements;Supplementary Materials;References;Appendix;Abbreviations;Preliminaries;Introduction and Preliminaries;Notation;Proof of Theorem;Proofs;Analysis of Results;Examples;Numerical Example;Applications;Numerical Simulation;Model;Model Formulation;Systematic Palaeontology;Nomenclatural Acts;Taxonomic Implications;Experimental;Synthesis;Overview;Characterization;Background;Experimental;Theories;Calculations;Model Verification;Model Implementation;Geographic location;Study Area;Geological setting;Data Collection;Field Testing;Data and Sampling;Dataset;Literature Review;Related Works;Related Work;System Model;Methods and Data;Experimental Results;Results and Analysis;Evaluation;Implementation;Case Presentation;Case Report;Search Terms;Case Description;Case Series;Background;Limitations;Additional Points;Case;Case 1;Case 2 etc.;Concern Details;Retraction Details;Copyright;Related Articles
摘要：
The influenza virus induces cellular apoptosis during viral propagation, and controlling this virus-induced apoptosis process has been shown to have significant antiviral effects. The proapoptotic BH3-only protein Noxa is a strong inducer of apoptosis that can be activated by this virus, suggesting that Noxa has the potential as an anti-influenza target. To assess the value of Noxa as an antiviral target, we utilized CRISPR/Cas9 technology to produce a Noxa-knockout cell line. We found that the knockout of Noxa resulted in a dramatic reduction in the cytopathic effect induced by the influenza virus. Moreover, Noxa knockout decreased the expression of influenza viral proteins (NP, M2, HA, and NS2). In addition, Noxa deficiency triggered a complete autophagic flux to weaken influenza virus-induced autophagosome accumulation, indicating that Noxa may be a promising antiviral target for controlling influenza virus infections.
通讯机构：
[Ying Ren] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
amaranth hay;growth stage;in vivo digestibility;goat
摘要：
Simple Summary At present, studies on the rumen degradation characteristics of amaranth hay at different growth stages are limited. In the current study, four growth stages (squaring stage (SS), initial bloom stage (IS), full-bloom stage (FS) and mature stage (MS)) were selected. The chemical composition and rumen degradation characteristics of amaranth hay at four stages were studied in detail. Among the four stages, IS was superior in terms of chemical composition and rumen degradability characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the rumen degradation characteristics of grain amaranth hay (Amaranthus hypochondriacus) at four different growth stages. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional value of grain amaranth hay at different growth stages by chemical composition, in vivo digestibility, and in situ degradability. Three Boer goats with permanent ruminal fistulas were selected in this study. Amaranthus hay at four different growth stages (squaring stage (SS), initial bloom stage (IS), full-bloom stage (FS) and mature stage (MS)) was crushed and placed into nylon bags. Each sample was set up with three replicates, and two parallel samples were set up in fistulas at each time point. The rumen degradation rates of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) were determined at 0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 72 h. The results were as follows: (1) The concentration of CP in SS was the highest and was significantly higher than that in other stages (p < 0.05), whereas the contents of NDF and ADF gradually increased with the extension of the growing period and reached a maximum in MS; (2)The degradation of CP in the rumen at 72 h of SS and IS was more than 80%. Compared with other stages, the effective degradability of CP was highest in SS (p < 0.05) and reached 87.05% at 72 h, and the degradation rate was the lowest in MS; and (3) The effective degradability of NDF in IS was the highest (p < 0.05) and reached 69.326% at 72 h. The effective degradability of ADF in MS was the highest (p < 0.05) and reached 65.728% at 72 h. The effective degradability of DM and CP in SS was the highest. In conclusion, among the four stages, IS was superior in chemical composition and rumen degradability characteristics.
通讯机构：
[Hongsen Xu] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, School of Animal Science and Nutritional Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
摘要：
This study investigated the effects of dietary chitosan on growth, antioxidant, immunity, intestinal morphology and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila of hybrid sturgeon (Acipenser baerii female x Acipenser schrenckii male). Sturgeons (18.18 +/- 0.08 g) were randomly divided into four groups, fed with chitosan-supplemented diets for 8 weeks and then infected with A. hydrophila. The results showed significant differences of body weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio in sturgeon fed chitosan and control diets. The oral administration of chitosan significantly increased the acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, myeloperoxidase, su-peroxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase activities, as well as the complement 3 and 4 contents and disease resistance against A. hydrophila. Moreover, enhancement of muscular thickness and goblet cells in mid intestine and increase of muscular thickness and villus height in spiral valve were observed in the chitosan supplemented groups. In addition, dietary chitosan-supplemented diets mitigated the changes of antioxidant and immune activity induced by A. hydrophila challenge, as well as prevented fish from bacterial invasion. The optimal dose was 3.00 g chitosan/kg diet for hybrid sturgeon.
作者机构：
[Yu, Denghang; Cai, Fangfang; Li, Shuheng] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Safe, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Zhang, Hang] Hubei Water Resources & Hydropower Sci & Technol i, Hubei Water Resources Res Inst, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Li, Renhui] Wenzhou Univ, Sch Life & Environm Sci, Wenzhou 325035, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Fangfang Cai] H;Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Animal Nutrition and Feed Safety, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China<&wdkj&>Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
关键词：
New genus;New species;Polyphasic methods;Taxonomy
摘要：
Two novel cyanobacteria (strains SH01 and SH02) with thin filaments and simple morphology were isolated from Shahu Lake in China. The two strains were morphologically similar to the thin, simple filamentous cyanobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene data phylogeny revealed the distinct lineage of SH01, which was nearest to the clade incorporating the genera Kaiparowitsia, Thermoleptolyngbya and Aerofilum. The strain SH02, together with other Euryhalinema species, grouped in a unique cluster, in which the type species Euryhalinema mangrovii was included. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of SH01 and SH02 showed maximum similarities as 94.2% and 98.5%, respectively, compared to those of established genera and other Euryhalinema species to which they were phylogenetically related. Furthermore, the ITS secondary structures for both strains SH01 and SH02 revealed significant distinction and uniqueness when compared with their respective reference strains (the genera of Oculatellaceae for SH01 and Euryhalinema species for SH02). To sum up, these results verified the establishment of strain SH01 as a novel genus named Shahulinema gen. nov., and strain SH02 as the fourth novel species under the genus Euryhalinema, as E. shahuense sp. nov.
摘要：
Recent research has emphasized the significance of investigating the interplay between organelles, with endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria contact sites (ERMCSs) being recognized as critical signaling hubs between organelles. The objective of the current study was to assess the impact of deoxynivalenol (DON) on jejunal mitochondria, ER, and ERMCSs. Twelve piglets (35 d, 10.22 ± 0.35 kg) were randomized into two groups: control group, basal diet; the DON group, basal diet + 1.5 mg/kg DON. The findings revealed that DON decreased growth performance, induced jejunal oxidative stress, and impaired jejunal barrier function. DON was also found to induce mitochondrial dysfunction, trigger endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the piglets' jejunum, and activate mitochondrial and ER apoptosis pathways by upregulating apoptosis-related proteins (Caspase-8, Caspase-12, Bax, and CHOP). To investigate the involvement of ERMCSs in DON-induced intestinal injury, we measured the protein levels of ERMCS proteins, such as mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), and glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) and Pearson's correlation coefficient of ERMCS proteins and ERMCS ultrastructure. Our finding showed that DON upregulated the protein level of Mfn2 and GRP75 and increased the percentage of mitochondria with ERMCSs/total mitochondria, the length of ERMCSs compared to the perimeter of mitochondria, and the Pearson's correlation coefficient of voltage-dependent anion-selective channel protein 1 (VDAC1) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) in piglets' jejunum. Furthermore, DON shortened the distance between mitochondria and ER at ERMCSs. These findings suggested that DON impaired mitochondrial function, triggered ERS, and increased ERMCSs, indicating that the increased ERMCSs could be related to mitochondrial dysfunction and ERS involved in the intestinal injury of piglets induced by DON.
摘要：
Aim: Inflammation and apoptosis are main pathological processes that lead to the development of hyperuricemic nephropathy (HN). This study aims to explore whether baicalin (BA) and baicalein (BAI) can relieve the damage through PI3K/AKT/NF-kappa B signal pathway and provide more reliable and precise evidence for the treatment of HN. Methods: HN mice were induced by yeast extract with potassium oxonate (PO), and HK-2 cells were induced by monosodium urate (MSU). Molecular docking, western blot, q-PCR, and other methods were used to explore the changes of various indicators in HN mice and HK-2 cells. Results: Molecular docking results showed that BA and BAI had good binding ability with PI3K, AKT, p65 and I kappa B alpha. BA and BAI significantly ameliorated the levels of renal function, decreased the p-PI3K, p-AKT and p-p65 expression, down-regulated the BAX/BCL2 and CASP3, and blunted the mRNA levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, and IL-18 in both renal tissue of HN mice and HK-2 cells induced by MSU. BA and BAI also decreased the oxidative stress level of MSU-induced HK-2 cells. Conclusion: BA and BAI were confirmed to attenuate HN through alleviating renal inflammatory and apoptosis in cells and tissues by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-kappa B pathway. BA and BAI were expected to be developed as new anti-HN drugs. Summary at a glance Baicalin and baicalein were confirmed to attenuate hyperuricemic nephropathy through alleviating renal inflammatory and apoptosis in cells and tissues by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/NF-kappa B pathway.
作者机构：
[Guo, S. S.; Liu, Z. P.; Li, L. L.; Xu, P. T.; Ding, B. Y.; Chao, J. R.; Zhang, Z. F.] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Engn Res Ctr Feed Prot Resources Agr By Prod, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Lv, H. Y.] China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, State Key Lab Anim Nutr, Beijing 100193, Peoples R China.;[Lv, H. Y.] Beijing Ctr Biol Co Ltd, Beijing 102600, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[L.L. Li; S.S. Guo] E;Engineering Research Center of Feed Protein Resources on Agricultural By-Products, Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China
关键词：
Cnicus japonicus;Lonicera flos;antioxidant status;inflammatory cytokine;laying hen
摘要：
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Lonicera flos and Cnicus japonicus extracts (LCE) on the laying performance, egg quality, morphology, antioxidant status, inflammatory-related cytokines, and shell matrix protein expression of oviduct in laying hens. A total of 1,728 Roman Pink laying hens aged 73-wk-old were randomly assigned into 4 groups (18 replicates/group, 24 layers/replicate) fed basal diets supplemented with 0, 300, 500, and 1,000 mg of LCE per kg of diet, respectively. The trial lasted for 11 wk, including 2-wk adjustment period and 9-wk testing period. The results indicated that laying hens fed diets supplemented with LCE linearly increased egg weight, yolk color and shell thickness at wk 78 and albumen height, Haugh unit and shell thickness at wk 83 (P < 0.05). At wk 78, LCE groups linearly affected the hydrogen peroxide content in magnum (P < 0.05) and 300 mg/kg LCE groups had the highest catalase activity in isthmus (P < 0.05). At wk 83, LCE groups linearly reduced (P < 0.05) hydrogen peroxide content in the magnum and isthmus and malondialdehyde content in the uterus whereas increased catalase activity in isthmus (P < 0.05). Furthermore, LCE levels quadratically affected glutathione peroxidase activity in isthmus at wk 83 (P < 0.05). At wk 78, the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interferon-γ in isthmus and ovalbumin and ovocleidin-116 in uterus had linear effects in response to LCE levels (P < 0.05) and 1,000 mg/kg LCE group had the lowest mRNA expression of interleukin-6 in magnum (P < 0.05). At wk 83, LCE supplementation linearly decreased the mRNA expression of interleukin-1β, interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α in magnum and tumor necrosis factor-α and inducible nitric oxide synthase in uterus (P < 0.05). It is concluded that LCE improved egg quality partly by modulating antioxidant status, inflammatory-related cytokines and shell matrix protein expression of oviduct in laying hens.
