作者： Ye, Chun;Li, Sali;Yao, Wenxu;Xu, Lei;Qiu, Yinsheng*;...

期刊： INNATE IMMUNITY,2016年22(3):196-204 ISSN：1753-4259

通讯作者： Qiu, Yinsheng

作者机构： [Liu, Yu; Hou, Yongqing; Ye, Chun; Xu, Lei; Li, Sali; Qiu, Yinsheng; Wu, Zhongyuan; Yao, Wenxu] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Liu, Yu; Hou, Yongqing; Ye, Chun; Qiu, Yinsheng; Wu, Zhongyuan] Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Qiu, Yinsheng] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： Baicalin;anti-inflammation;NLRP3 inflammasome;piglet peripheral blood mononuclear cell;reactive oxygen species

摘要： In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of baicalin on LPS-induced NLRP3 inflammatory pathway were investigated in piglet mononuclear phagocytes (control, LPS stimulation, LPS stimulation + 12.5 μg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 25 μg/ml baicalin, LPS stimulation + 50 μg/ml baicalin and LPS stimulation + 100 μg/ml baicalin). The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the secretion levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and TNF-α, mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as the protein levels of cleaved caspase-1 p20 were significantly increased after LPS-challenge in vitro. However, LPS stimulation did not influence apoptosis-associated speck-like protein and caspase-1 mRNA levels, which are also components of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Baicalin at 50 μg/ml and 100 μg/ml could inhibit the production of ROS, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-18, and down-regulate mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α and NLRP3, as well as expression of cleaved caspase-1 p20. These results showed that the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin occurred via the regulation of the release of ROS and mRNA expression of NLRP3. The anti-inflammatory activity of baicalin could be related to the suppression of NLRP3 inflammasome pathway under LPS stimulation. © 2016 The Author(s).

语种： 英文

作者： Yi, Dan;Hou, Yongqing*;Wang, Lei;Long, Minhui;Hu, Shengdi;...

期刊： Amino Acids,2016年48(2):523-533 ISSN：0939-4451

通讯作者： Hou, Yongqing

作者机构： [Hu, Chien-An Andy; Long, Minhui; Mei, Huimin; Hou, Yongqing; Yan, Liqiong; Wang, Lei; Wu, Guoyao; Yi, Dan] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Shengdi; Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Hu, Chien-An Andy] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.

通讯机构： [Hou, Yongqing] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： N-acetylcysteine;Intestinal cells;Protein synthesis;Glutathione

摘要： Dietary supplementation with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been reported to improve intestinal health and treat gastrointestinal diseases. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. According to previous reports, NAC was thought to exert its effect through glutathione synthesis. This study tested the hypothesis that NAC enhances enterocyte growth and protein synthesis independently of cellular glutathione synthesis. Intestinal porcine epithelial cells were cultured for 3 days in Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium containing 0 or 100 μM NAC. To determine a possible role for GSH (the reduced form of glutathione) in mediating the effect of NAC on cell growth and protein synthesis, additional experiments were conducted using culture medium containing 100 μM GSH, 100 μM GSH ethyl ester (GSHee), diethylmaleate (a GSH-depletion agent; 10 μM), or a GSH-synthesis inhibitor (buthionine sulfoximine, BSO; 20 μM). NAC increased cell proliferation, GSH concentration, and protein synthesis, while inhibiting proteolysis. GSHee enhanced cell proliferation and GSH concentration without affecting protein synthesis but inhibited proteolysis. Conversely, BSO or diethylmaleate reduced cell proliferation and GSH concentration without affecting protein synthesis, while promoting protein degradation. At the signaling level, NAC augmented the protein abundance of total mTOR, phosphorylated mTOR, and phosphorylated 70S6 kinase as well as mRNA levels for mTOR and p70S6 kinase in IPEC-1 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that NAC upregulates expression of mTOR signaling proteins to stimulate protein synthesis in enterocytes independently of GSH generation. Our findings provide a hitherto unrecognized biochemical mechanism for beneficial effects of NAC in intestinal cells. © 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien.

语种： 英文

作者： Wang, H.;Hou, Y.;Guo, J.;Chen, H.;Liu, X.;...

期刊： ANIMAL GENETICS,2016年47(1):49-61 ISSN：0268-9146

通讯作者： Zhu, M.

作者机构： [Zhu, M.; Zhao, S.; Hou, Y.; Liu, X.; Wang, H.; Guo, J.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Agr Anim Genet Breeding & Reprod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Wang, H.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Informat, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.;[Chen, H.] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Z.] South China Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, Peoples R China.;[Zhu, M.; Zhao, S.] Huazhong Agr Univ, Cooperat Innovat Ctr Sustainable Pig Prod, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Zhu, M.] H;Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Agr Anim Genet Breeding & Reprod, Minist Educ, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China.

关键词： differentially expressed gene;lymphocyte count;pig;poly I:C;transcriptome

摘要： Lymphocyte count is an important phenotypic metric that has been reported to be related to the individual antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals. To date, aside from information regarding several genes and pathways, little is known about the mechanism by which gene expression affects variation in lymphocyte count. In this work, we investigated the lymphocyte count variation after poly I:C stimulation and compared the transcriptomes of pigs with large and small differences of lymphocyte counts before and after poly I:C stimulation. Pigs with large and small differences of lymphocyte counts were designated as extreme response (ER) and moderate response (MR) pigs respectively. Lymphocyte counts in all animals were observed to decline after poly I:C stimulation. Transcriptomic analysis identified 1121 transcripts (981 differentially expressed genes) in MR pigs and 1045 transcripts (904 differentially expressed genes) in ER pigs. We found that the majority of the differentially expressed genes were involved in both innate and adaptive immune responses. However, the innate immune response of ER pigs was more rapid than that of MR pigs. Results indicated that the activation of signaling pathways associated with cell death, cytotoxicity and apoptosis may contribute to the poly I:C-induced decrease of lymphocyte counts in the periphery. Moreover, the differential expression patterns of chemokines and FAS either totally or partially provided an interpretation for the different degrees of decrease in the lymphocyte counts between MR and ER pigs. Overall, our study will provide further understanding of the molecular basis for the antiviral capacity of pigs and other mammals. © 2015 Stichting International Foundation for Animal Genetics.

语种： 英文

作者： Yin, Fugui;Yu, Hai;Lepp, Dion;Shi, Xuejiang;Yang, Xiaojian;...

期刊： PLOS ONE,2016年11(8):e0160751 ISSN：1932-6203

通讯作者： Gong, Joshua

作者机构： [Yang, Xiaojian; Lepp, Dion; Gong, Joshua; Yin, Fugui; Yu, Hai] Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Res & Dev Ctr, Guelph, ON, Canada.;[Shi, Xuejiang] UHN MSH Gene Profiling Facil, Next Generat Sequencing Platforms, Clin Genom Ctr, Toronto, ON, Canada.;[Nie, Shaoping; Hu, Jielun] Nanchang Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Technol, Nanchang, Jiangxi, Peoples R China.;[Leeson, Steve] Univ Guelph, Dept Anim & Poultry Sci, Guelph, ON, Canada.;[Yang, Chengbo] Univ Manitoba, Dept Anim Sci, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.

通讯机构： [Gong, Joshua] A;Agr & Agri Food Canada, Guelph Res & Dev Ctr, Guelph, ON, Canada.

关键词： Jejunum;Diet;Adipose tissue;Fatty acids;Lipid metabolism;Gene expression;Glycerides;Lipids

摘要： BACKGROUND & AIMS: Butyrate has been shown to potently regulate energy expenditure and lipid metabolism in animals, yet the underlying mechanisms remain to be fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of butyrate (in the form of butyrate glycerides, BG)-induced lipid metabolism at the level of gene expression in the jejunum and liver of broilers. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Two animal experiments were included in this study. In Experiment 1, two hundred and forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups: 1) basal diet (BD), 2) BG diets (BD + BG). Growth performance was compared between treatments for the 41-day trial. In Experiment 2, forty male broiler chickens were equally allocated into two groups. The general experimental design, group and management were the same as described in Experiment 1 except for reduced bird numbers and 21-day duration of the trial. Growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, serum lipid profiles as well as serum and tissue concentrations of key enzymes involved in lipid metabolism were compared between treatments. RNA-seq was employed to identify both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and treatment specifically expressed genes (TSEGs). Functional clustering of DEGs and TSEGs and signaling pathways associated with lipid metabolism were identified using Ingenuity Pathways Analysis (IPA) and DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.7 (DAVID-BR). Quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were subsequently conducted to further examine the expression of genes in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling pathway identified by DAVID-BR. Dietary BG intervention significantly reduced abdominal fat ratio (abdominal fat weight/final body weight) in broilers. The decreased fat deposition in BG-fed chickens was in accordance with serum lipid profiles as well as the level of lipid metabolism-related enzymes in the serum, abdominal adipose, jejunum and liver. RNA-seq analysis indicated that dietary BG intervention induced 79 and 205 characterized DEGs in the jejunum and liver, respectively. In addition, 255 and 165 TSEGs were detected in the liver and jejunum of BG-fed group, while 162 and 211 TSEGs genes were observed in the liver and jejunum of BD-fed birds, respectively. Bioinformatic analysis with both IPA and DAVID-BR further revealed a significant enrichment of DEGs and TSEGs in the biological processes for reducing the synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion of lipids in the jejunum, while those in the liver were for enhancing the oxidation of ingested lipids and fatty acids. In particular, transcriptional regulators of THRSP and EGR-1 as well as several DEGs involved in the PPAR-alpha signaling pathway were significantly induced by dietary BG intervention for lipid catabolism. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that BG reduces body fat deposition via regulation of gene expression, which is involved in the biological events relating to the reduction of synthesis, storage, transportation and secretion, and improvement of oxidation of lipids and fatty acids.

语种： 英文

作者： Wang, Xiuying;Liu, Yulan*;Wang, Shuhui;Pi, Dingan;Leng, Weibo;...

期刊： British Journal of Nutrition,2016年116(7):1188-1198 ISSN：0007-1145

通讯作者： Liu, Yulan

作者机构： [Zhang, Jing; Liu, Yulan; Leng, Weibo; Shi, Haifeng; Li, Shuang; Wang, Shuhui; Pi, Dingan; Wang, Xiuying; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Odle, Jack; Lin, Xi] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Lab Dev Nutr, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA.

通讯机构： [Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： Asparagine;Lipopolysaccharides;Muscle atrophy;Pro-inflammatory cytokines

摘要： Pro-inflammatory cytokines are critical in mechanisms of muscle atrophy. In addition, asparagine (Asn) is necessary for protein synthesis in mammalian cells. We hypothesised that Asn could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy in a piglet model. Piglets were allotted to four treatments (non-challenged control, LPS-challenged control, LPS+0·5 % Asn and LPS+1·0 % Asn). On day 21, the piglets were injected with LPS or saline. At 4 h post injection, piglet blood and muscle samples were collected. Asn increased protein and RNA content in muscles, and decreased mRNA expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1). However, Asn had no effect on the protein abundance of MAFbx and MuRF1. In addition, Asn decreased muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α phosphorylation, but increased muscle protein kinase B (Akt) and Forkhead Box O (FOXO) 1 phosphorylation. Moreover, Asn decreased the concentrations of TNF-α, cortisol and glucagon in plasma, and TNF-α mRNA expression in muscles. Finally, Asn decreased mRNA abundance of muscle toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein (NOD) signalling-related genes, and regulated their negative regulators. The beneficial effects of Asn on muscle atrophy may be associated with the following: (1) inhibiting muscle protein degradation via activating Akt and inactivating AMPKα and FOXO1; and (2) decreasing the expression of muscle pro-inflammatory cytokines via inhibiting TLR4 and NOD signalling pathways by modulation of their negative regulators. © The Authors 2016.

语种： 英文

作者： Wang, Lei;Yi, Dan;Hou, Yongqing*;Ding, Binying;Li, Kang;...

期刊： The Journal of Nutrition,2016年146(8):1514-1520 ISSN：0022-3166

通讯作者： Hou, Yongqing;Wu, Guoyao

作者机构： [Li, Kang; Liu, Yulan; Li, Baocheng; Hou, Yongqing; Wu, GY; Wang, Lei; Wu, Guoyao; Ding, Binying; Yi, Dan; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.

通讯机构： [Hou, YQ; Wu, GY] W;[Wu, Guoyao] T;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.

关键词： *cell signaling;*gastrocnemius muscle;*inflammation;*lipopolysaccharide;*alpha-ketoglutarate

摘要： Background: Skeletal muscle undergoes rapid loss in response to inflammation. a-Ketoglutarate (AKG) has been reported to enhance muscle growth in piglets, but the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that dietary AKG supplementation activates mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and improves skeletal muscle energy metabolism in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Methods: Forty-eightmale piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire)wereweaned at 21 d of age to a corn- and soybeanmeal- based diet. After a 3-d period of adaptation, piglets with a mean weight of 7.21 kg were randomly assigned to control, LPS (intraperitoneal administration of 80 μg LPS/kg body weight on days 10, 12, 14, and 16), or LPS plus 1% dietary AKG (LPS +AKG) groups. On day 16, blood sampleswere collected from8 piglets/group 3 h after LPS administration.On day 17, piglets were killed to obtain gastrocnemius muscle from 8 piglets/group for biochemical analysis. Results: Compared with the control group, LPS administration increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of globulin (by 14%) and tumor necrosis factor α (by 59%) and the intramuscular ratio of AMP to ATP (by 93%) and abundance of phosphorylated acetyl- coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC) β protein (by 64%). Comparedwith the control group, LPS administration reduced (P < 0.05) weight gain (by 15%); plasma concentrations of glutamine (by 20%), glucose (by 23%), insulin, insulin-like growth factor I, and epidermal growth factor; intramuscular concentrations of glutamine (by 27%), ATP (by 12%), ADP (by 22%), and total adenine nucleotides; and intramuscular ratios of phosphorylated mTOR to total mTOR (by 38%) and of phosphorylated 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K) to total p70S6K (by 39%). These adverse effects of LPS were ameliorated (P < 0.05) by AKG supplementation. Conclusions: Dietary AKG supplementation activated mTOR signaling, inhibited ACC-β, and improved energy status in skeletal muscle of LPS-challenged piglets. These results provide a biochemical basis for the use of AKG to enhance piglet growth under inflammatory or practical postweaning conditions. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

语种： 英文

作者： Chen, Shaokui;Liu, Yulan*;Wang, Xiuying;Wang, Haibo;Li, Shuang;...

期刊： INNATE IMMUNITY,2016年22(8):577-587 ISSN：1753-4259

通讯作者： Liu, Yulan

作者机构： [Zhang, Jing; Hu, Chien-An Andy; Liu, Yulan; Chen, Shaokui; Li, Shuang; Shi, Haifeng; Wang, Haibo; Pi, Dingan; Wang, Xiuying; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Chien-An Andy] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.;[Odle, Jack; Lin, Xi] North Carolina State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Lab Dev Nutr, Raleigh, NC USA.;[Liu, Yulan] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.

关键词： Asparagine;weanling piglets;intestine;lipopolysaccharide;inflammatory response

摘要： Asparagine (Asn), an activator of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), stimulates cell proliferation in intestinal epithelial cells. We hypothesized that Asn can mitigate LPS-induced injury of intestinal structure and barrier function by regulating inflammatory signaling pathways. We executed the following experiment using weanling pigs for each of the groups: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; (3) LPS + 0.5% Asn; (4) LPS + 1.0% Asn. After 21-d feeding, pigs received an i.p. injection of either saline or LPS. Four h after injection, the mid-jejunum and mid-ileum samples were collected. We found that Asn restored ODC expression that was decreased by LPS treatment. Asn also restored intestinal morphology and barrier function that were impaired by LPS treatment. In addition, Asn down-regulated intestinal caspase-3 protein expression and TNF-α concentration, and decreased the mRNA expression of intestinal TLR4, TLR4 downstream signals (myeloid differentiation factor 88, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 and TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6 and NOD1, NOD2 and their adaptor molecule (receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2). Moreover, Asn decreased p38 phosphorylation but increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Our results suggest that Asn improves intestinal integrity during an inflammatory insult, which appears to be related to the decrease of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokine (via TLR4, NODs and p38) and of enterocyte apoptosis (via p38 and ERK1/2). © SAGE Publications.

语种： 英文

作者： Hou, Yongqing;Hu, Shengdi;Jia, Sichao;Nawaratna, Gayan;Che, Dongsheng;...

期刊： Amino Acids,2016年48(4):993-1001 ISSN：0939-4451

通讯作者： Wu, Guoyao

作者机构： [Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Jia, Sichao; Bazer, Fuller W.; Hu, Shengdi; Nawaratna, Gayan; Hou, Yongqing; Wang, Fenglai; Wu, Guoyao; Che, Dongsheng] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.

通讯机构： [Wu, Guoyao] W;[Wu, Guoyao] T;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.

关键词： Arginine;Homoarginine;Animals;Metabolism;Synthesis

摘要： Recent studies suggest an important role for l-homoarginine in cardiovascular, hepatic and neurological functions, as well as the regulation of glucose metabolism. However, little is known about whole-body l-homoarginine synthesis or its response to dietary l-arginine intake in animals. Four series of experiments were conducted to determine l-homoarginine synthesis and catabolism in pigs and rats. In Experiment 1, male and female pigs were fed a corn- and soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0.0-2.42 % l-arginine-HCl. In Experiment 2, male and female rats were fed a casein-based diet, while receiving drinking water containing supplemental l-arginine-HCl to provide 0.0-3.6 g l-arginine/kg body-weight/day. In both experiments, urine collected from the animals for 24 h was analyzed for l-homoarginine and related metabolites. In Experiment 3, pigs and rats received a single oral dose of 1 or 10 mg l-homoarginine/kg body-weight, respectively, and their urine was collected for 24 h for analyses of l-homoarginine and related substances. In Experiment 4, slices of pig and rat tissues (including liver, brain, kidney, heart, and skeletal-muscle) were incubated for 1 h in Krebs-bicarbonate buffer containing 5 or 50 μM l-homoarginine. Our results indicated that: (a) animal tissues did not degrade L-homoarginine in the presence of physiological concentrations of other amino-acids; (b) 95-96 % of orally administered l-homoarginine was recovered in urine; (c) l-homoarginine was quantitatively a minor product of l-arginineg catabolism in the body; and (d) dietary l-arginine supplementation dose-dependently increased whole-body l-homoarginine synthesis. These novel findings provide a new framework for future studies of l-homoarginine metabolism and physiology in animals and humans. © 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien.

语种： 英文

作者： Li, Ming;Sun, Zong-Yi;Grim, J. Norman;Ponce-Gordo, Francisco*;Wang, Gui-tang;...

期刊： JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY,2016年63(6):751-759 ISSN：1066-5234

通讯作者： Ponce-Gordo, Francisco

作者机构： [Li, Wen-xiang; Zou, Hong; Wu, Shan-gong; Li, Ming; Wang, Gui-tang] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China.;[Sun, Zong-Yi] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Grim, J. Norman] No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Box 5640, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA.;[Ponce-Gordo, Francisco] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Dept Parasitol, Plaza Ramon y Cajal S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.

通讯机构： [Ponce-Gordo, Francisco] U;Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Farm, Dept Parasitol, Plaza Ramon y Cajal S-N, E-28040 Madrid, Spain.

关键词： Light microscopy;Nyctotheroides;phylogenetic analysis;SSU-rDNA

摘要： The morphology of Nyctotheroides hubeiensis (Acta Hydrobiol. Sin. 1998, 22 (suppl.): 187), collected from the rectum of Phelophylax nigromaculatus, is presented in this paper based on detailed morphological information and molecular data. Our phylogenetic analysis showed that N. hubeiensis fell into the Nyctotheroides clade, which was strongly supported as monophyletic and clustered as basal to the genera Nyctotherus and Clevelandella. Also, the monophyly of the Order Clevelandellida and the affinity of parasitic nyctotherids and free-living metopids were indicated in our work. The origin of clevelandellid ciliates as well as their possible evolutionary history was also discussed here; however, the analysis of more species from other vertebrate hosts (fish, reptiles) should be made before a well-supported conclusion can be drawn.

语种： 英文

作者： Yi, Dan;Hou, Yongqing*;Wang, Lei;Zhao, Di;Ding, Binying;...

期刊： FRONTIERS IN BIOSCIENCE-LANDMARK,2016年21(3):487-501 ISSN：2768-6701

通讯作者： Hou, Yongqing

作者机构： [Wu, Tao; Liu, Yulan; Kang, Ping; Hou, Yongqing; Wang, Lei; Wu, Guoyao; Zhao, Di; Ding, Binying; Yi, Dan; Chen, Hongbo] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.;[Hou, Yongqing] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Hou, Yongqing] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： Gene expression;Intestinal function;Lipopolysaccharide;Pig;Review

摘要： Bowel diseases are common in human and animals and are characterized by intestinal dysfunction and injury. A well-established porcine model of intestinal injury can be induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin released from the cell wall of pathogenic bacteria. LPS affects the expression of genes associated with intestinal immune response, mucosal growth, energy metabolism, absorption, mucosal barrier function, and antiviral function. Transcriptional analysis of intestinal genes reveals that the duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon respond to LPS challenge in a similar pattern. Moreover, the jejunum and ileum exhibit greater responses to LPS challenge than the duodenum and colon with regard to gene expression. Additionally, over 85% of genes are co-expressed along the small and large intestines and there is a clear distinction in gene expression patterns amongst the different intestinal segments in pigs. These findings have important implications for underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for endotoxin-induced intestinal injury and dysfunction.

语种： 英文

作者： Duan, Yehui;Li, Fengna*;Li, Yinghui;Tang, Yulong*;Kong, Xiangfeng;...

期刊： Amino Acids,2016年48(1):41-51 ISSN：0939-4451

通讯作者： Li, Fengna;Tang, Yulong

作者机构： [Li, Yinghui; Kong, Xiangfeng; Tang, Yulong; Li, FN; Tang, YL; Duan, Yehui; Li, Fengna; Yin, Yulong; Feng, Zemeng] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr,Sci Observing & Expt Stn Anim Nu, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Minist Agr,Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Hlth Livestock, 644 Yuanda Rd, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Yinghui; Duan, Yehui] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.;[Anthony, Tracy G.; Watford, Malcolm] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Nutr Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA.;[Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao; Yin, Yulong] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.

通讯机构： [Li, FN; Tang, YL] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr,Sci Observing & Expt Stn Anim Nu, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Minist Agr,Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Hlth Livestock, 644 Yuanda Rd, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： Energy homeostasis;Leucine;Pigs;Protein metabolism;alpha-Ketoisocaproate;beta-Hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate

摘要： Leucine (Leu) is a nutritionally essential branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) in animal nutrition. It is usually one of the most abundant amino acids in high-quality protein foods. Leu increases protein synthesis through activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue and placental cells. Leu promotes energy metabolism (glucose uptake, mitochondrial biogenesis, and fatty acid oxidation) to provide energy for protein synthesis, while inhibiting protein degradation. Approximately 80 % of Leu is normally used for protein synthesis, while the remainder is converted to α-ketoisocaproate (α-KIC) and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) in skeletal muscle. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that some of the functions of Leu are modulated by its metabolites. Both α-KIC and HMB have recently received considerable attention as nutritional supplements used to increase protein synthesis, inhibit protein degradation, and regulate energy homeostasis in a variety of in vitro and in vivo models. Leu and its metabolites hold great promise to enhance the growth and health of animals (including humans, birds and fish). © 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien.

语种： 英文

作者： Yin, Jie;Ren, Wenkai;Yang, Guan;Duan, Jielin;Huang, Xingguo;...

期刊： MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH,2016年60(1):134-146 ISSN：1613-4125

通讯作者： Yin, Yulong

作者机构： [Yin, Jie; Ren, Wenkai; Duan, Jielin; Li, Tiejun; Wu, Guoyao; Yin, Yulong; Li, Chongyong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Sci Observing &, Minist Agr,Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Hlth Livestock, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yin, Jie; Ren, Wenkai; Duan, Jielin] Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Guan] Univ Florida, Dept Anim Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA.;[Fang, Rejun; Huang, Xingguo] Hunan Agr Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yin, Yulong] Hunan Agr Univ, Sch Life Sci, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Yin, Yulong] C;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg,Sci Observing &, Minist Agr,Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Hlth Livestock, Changsha, Hunan, Peoples R China.

关键词： GSH;H2S;Nutritional potential;Taurine;l-Cysteine

摘要： L-Cysteine is a nutritionally semi-essential amino acid and is present mainly in the form of L-cystine in the extracellular space. With the help of a transport system, extracellular L-cystine crosses the plasma membrane and is reduced to L-cysteine within cells by thioredoxin and reduced glutathione (GSH). Intracellular L-cysteine plays an important role in cellular homeostasis not only as a precursor for protein synthesis, but also for the production of GSH, H2 S, and taurine. L-Cysteine-dependent synthesis of GSH has been investigated in many pathological conditions, while the pathway for L-cysteine metabolism to form H2 S has received little attention with regard to prevention and treatment of disease in humans. The main objective of this review is to highlight the metabolic pathways of L-cysteine catabolism to GSH, H2 S, and taurine, with special emphasis on therapeutic and nutritional use of L-cysteine to improve the health and well-being of animals and humans This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

语种： 英文

作者： Liu, Yulan*;Wang, Xiuying;Wu, Huanting;Chen, Shaokui;Zhu, Huiling;...

期刊： AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY,2016年311(2):R365-R373 ISSN：0363-6119

通讯作者： Liu, Yulan

作者机构： [Wu, Huanting; Zhang, Guolong; Zhang, Jing; Hu, Chien-An Andy; Liu, Yulan; Chen, Shaokui; Hou, Yongqing; Wang, Xiuying; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Hu, Chien-An Andy] Univ New Mexico, Sch Med, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA.;[Zhang, Guolong] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Anim Sci, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA.

通讯机构： [Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： glycine;lipopolysaccharide;muscle;pro-inflammatory cytokines

摘要： Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a critical role in the pathophysiology of muscle atrophy. We hypothesized that glycine exerted an anti-inflammatory effect and alleviated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced muscle atrophy in piglets. Pigs were assigned to four treatments including the following: 1) nonchallenged control, 2) LPS-challenged control, 3) LPS+1.0% glycine, and 4) LPS+2.0% glycine. After receiving the control, 1.0 or 2.0% glycine-supplemented diets, piglets were treated with either saline or LPS. At 4 h after treatment with saline or LPS, blood and muscle samples were harvested. We found that 1.0 or 2.0% glycine increased protein/DNA ratio, protein content, and RNA/DNA ratio in gastrocnemius or longissimus dorsi (LD) muscles. Glycine also resulted in decreased mRNA expression of muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) in gastrocnemius muscle. In addition, glycine restored the phosphorylation of Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4E-BP1), and Forkhead Box O 1 (FOXO1) in gastrocnemius or LD muscles. Furthermore, glycine resulted in decreased plasma tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentration and muscle TNF-α mRNA abundance. Moreover, glycine resulted in decreased mRNA expresson of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain protein 2 (NOD2), and their respective downstream molecules in gastrocnemius or LD muscles. These results indicate glycine enhances muscle protein mass under an inflammatory condition. The beneficial roles of glycine on the muscle are closely associated with maintaining Akt-mTOR-FOXO1 signaling and suppressing the activation of TLR4 and/or NOD2 signaling pathways. © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

语种： 英文

作者： Yao, Kang;Duan, Yehui;Li, Fengna*;Tan, Bie;Hou, Yongqing;...

期刊： Trends in Pharmacological Sciences,2016年37(8):714-727 ISSN：0165-6147

通讯作者： Li, Fengna;Yin, Yulong

作者机构： [Li, Fengna; Yin, YL; Yao, Kang; Tan, Bie; Duan, Yehui; Wu, Guoyao; Yin, Yulong] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Fengna; Yin, YL; Yao, Kang; Tan, Bie; Duan, Yehui; Wu, Guoyao; Yin, Yulong] Hunan Prov Engn Res Ctr Hlth Livestock & Poultry, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Li, Fengna; Yin, YL; Yao, Kang; Tan, Bie; Duan, Yehui; Wu, Guoyao; Yin, Yulong] Minist Agr, Sci Observing & Expt Stn Anim Nutr & Feed Sci Sou, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yao, Kang; Yin, Yulong] Hunan Agr Univ, Coll Anim Sci & Technol, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.;[Yin, Yulong] Hunan Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Changsha 410128, Hunan, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Li, FN; Yin, YL; Li, Fengna] C;[Li, FN; Yin, YL; Yin, Yulong; Li, Fengna] H;[Li, FN; Yin, YL] M;[Yin, Yulong] S;Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Subtrop Agr, Key Lab Agroecol Proc Subtrop Reg, Changsha 410125, Hunan, Peoples R China.

摘要： Obesity develops from an imbalance of energy homeostasis and is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissues (WAT). Inflammation is involved in the pathophysiology of many obesity-induced disorders including insulin resistance and diabetes. Increasing evidence has shown that dietary leucine supplementation positively affects the parameters associated with obesity and obesity-related metabolic disorders. The beneficial effects include increased loss of body weight, reduced WAT inflammation, improved lipid and glucose metabolism, enhanced mitochondrial function, and preserved lean body mass. Although these beneficial effects have not been clearly established, dietary leucine supplementation, either alone or as part of a therapeutic regimen, may be a good nutritional tool in the prevention and management of obesity and obesity-induced metabolic disorders.

语种： 英文

作者： Zhu, Huiling;Liu, Yulan*;Chen, Shaokui;Wang, Xiuying;Pi, Dingan;...

期刊： British Journal of Nutrition,2016年115(11):1947-1957 ISSN：0007-1145

通讯作者： Liu, Yulan

作者机构： [Zhang, Jing; Liu, Yulan; Leng, Weibo; Chen, Shaokui; Kang, Ping; Chen, Feng; Pi, Dingan; Wang, Xiuying; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： Lipopolysaccharides;Fish oil;Intestinal barrier function;Weaned pigs

摘要： Stress induces injury in intestinal barrier function in piglets. Long-chain n-3 PUFA have been shown to exhibit potential immunomodulatory and barrier protective effects in animal models and clinical trials. In addition, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)/CRH receptor (CRHR) signalling pathways play an important role in stress-induced alterations of intestinal barrier function. We hypothesised that fish oil could affect intestinal barrier function and CRH/CRHR signalling pathways. In total, thirty-two weaned pigs were allocated to one of four treatments. The experiment consisted of a 2×2 factorial design, and the main factors included immunological challenge (saline or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) and diet (5 % maize oil or 5 % fish oil). On d 19 of the trial, piglets were treated with saline or LPS. At 4 h after injection, all pigs were killed, and the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN), liver, spleen and intestinal samples were collected. Fish oil decreased bacterial translocation incidence and the number of translocated micro-organisms in the MLN. Fish oil increased intestinal claudin-1 protein relative concentration and villus height, as well as improved the intestinal morphology. In addition, fish oil supplementation increased intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte number and prevented elevations in intestinal mast cell and neutrophil numbers induced by LPS challenge. Moreover, fish oil tended to decrease the mRNA expression of intestinal CRHR1, CRH and glucocorticoid receptors. These results suggest that fish oil supplementation improves intestinal barrier function and inhibits CRH/CRHR1 signalling pathway and mast cell tissue density. © The Authors 2016.

语种： 英文

作者： Hou, Yongqing;Jia, Sichao;Nawaratna, Gayan;Hu, Shengdi;Dahanayaka, Sudath;...

期刊： Amino Acids,2015年47(9):2005-2014 ISSN：0939-4451

通讯作者： Wu, Guoyao

作者机构： [Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao] Wuhan Polytechn Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Jia, Sichao; Bazer, Fuller W.; Nawaratna, Gayan; Hu, Shengdi; Hou, Yongqing; Wu, Guoyao; Dahanayaka, Sudath] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.

通讯机构： [Wu, Guoyao] W;Wuhan Polytechn Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： Derivatization;HPLC;l-Homoarginine;N-Acetyl-l-cysteine;o-Phthalaldehyde

摘要： l-Homoarginine (hArg) may play a role in regulating the metabolism of its structural homologue l-arginine via multiple pathways (including nitric oxide synthase) in animals. Accurate measurement of hArg is essential for studying its synthesis and utilization by cells and the whole body. Here, we describe a simple, sensitive and automated method for analysis of hArg in biological samples by high-performance liquid chromatography involving precolumn derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde (OPA) and N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) as the thiol. The hArg-OPA-NAC derivative was separated at 25 °C on a reversed-phase C18 material and detected by fluorescence at excitation and emission wavelengths of 340 and 450 nm, respectively. The total running time for one sample (including the time for column regeneration) was 20 min, with the retention time for hArg being 10.03 min. The limit of detection was 188 fmol hArg, which was equivalent to 12 nM hArg in the 160-μl assay mixture. The assay was linear between 1.0 and 80 pmol hArg injected into the HPLC column (equivalent to 0.0625 and 5 μM hArg in the 160-μl assay mixture, respectively). The precision (relative deviation, %) and bias (relative error, %) of the HPLC method were 0.52-1.16 and 0.42-1.12, respectively, for aqueous solutions of hArg and for various biological samples (e.g., plasma, liver, brain and kidney). This is a highly sensitive, accurate, efficient and easily automated method for analysis of hArg in biological samples and provides a useful tool for studying the biochemistry, nutrition, physiology and pharmacology of hArg and arginine in animals and humans. © 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien.

语种： 英文

作者： Wang, Lei;Hou, Yongqing*;Yi, Dan;Li, Yongtang;Ding, Binying;...

期刊： Amino Acids,2015年47(7):1309-1318 ISSN：0939-4451

通讯作者： Hou, Yongqing

作者机构： [Xiao, Hang; Hou, Yongqing; Liu, Jian; Wang, Lei; Li, Yongtang; Wu, Guoyao; Ding, Binying; Yi, Dan; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Guoyao] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Anim Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA.

通讯机构： [Hou, Yongqing] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： alpha-Ketoglutarate;Piglets;Lipopolysaccharide;Liver injury

摘要： Abstract There is growing interest in glutamate as a functional amino acid in nutrition and health. This study was conducted to determine whether glutamate precursor α-ketoglutarate (AKG) could alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver injury in young pigs. Twenty-four piglets were randomly assigned to the control, LPS, or LPS + AKG group. Piglets in the control and LPS groups were fed a basal diet, whereas piglets in the NAC group were fed the basal diet supplemented with 1 % AKG. On days 10, 12, 14, and 16 of the trial, piglets in the LPS and LPS + AKG groups received intraperitoneal administration of LPS (80 μg/kg BW), whereas piglets in the control group received the same volume of saline. On day 16 of the trial, blood samples were collected 3 h after LPS or saline injection. Twenty-four hours post-administration of LPS or saline (on day 17 of the trial), piglets were killed to obtain liver for analysis. Dietary AKG supplementation alleviated LPS-induced histomorphological abnormalities and mitigated LPS-induced increases in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and AST/ALT ratio (P < 0.05). Compared with the LPS group, dietary supplementation with AKG decreased plasma glutamate concentration, while increasing hepatic concentrations of glutamate, glutamine, leucine, asparagine, lysine, alanine, serine, threonine, valine, and phenylalanine (P < 0.05). LPS challenge dramatically increased concentrations of malondialdehyde and decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver. Additionally, LPS challenge enhanced concentrations of AMP and total protein, as well as RNA/DNA and total protein/DNA ratios, while decreasing hepatic ADP concentrations. These adverse effects of LPS challenge were ameliorated by AKG supplementation. Collectively, dietary AKG supplementation provides a new means to ameliorate LPS-induced liver injury by increasing anti-oxidative capacity and improving energy metabolism in young pigs. © 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien.

语种： 英文

作者： Wu, Huanting;Liu, Yulan*;Pi, Dingan;Leng, Weibo;Zhu, Huiling;...

期刊： British Journal of Nutrition,2015年114(2):189-201 ISSN：0007-1145

通讯作者： Liu, Yulan

作者机构： [Wu, Huanting; Liu, Yulan; Leng, Weibo; Hou, Yongqing; Li, Shuang; Shi, Haifeng; Pi, Dingan; Wang, Xiuying; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Hubei Collaborat Innovat Ctr Anim Nutr & Feed Saf, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： Asparagine;Hepatic injury;Weaned piglets;Lipopolysaccharide;Toll-like receptor 4;Nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein

摘要： Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in many models of hepatic damage. In addition, asparagine (Asn) plays an important role in immune function. We aimed to investigate whether Asn could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver damage. Forty-eight castrated barrows were allotted to four groups including: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; (3) LPS+0·5 % Asn; and (4) LPS+1·0 % Asn. After 19 d feeding with control, 0·5 or 1·0 % Asn diets, pigs were injected with LPS or saline. Blood and liver samples were obtained at 4 h (early stage) and 24 h (late stage) post-injection. Asn alleviated liver injury, indicated by reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities linearly and quadratically; it increased claudin-1 protein expression linearly and quadratically at 24 h, and less severe liver morphological impairment at 4 or 24 h. In addition, Asn decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) linearly and quadratically at 4 h; it increased TNF-α mRNA expression, and HSP70 protein expression linearly and quadratically at 24 h. Moreover, Asn increased inducible NO synthase activity linearly and quadratically. Finally, Asn down-regulated the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling molecules (TLR4, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6), nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein (NOD) signalling molecules (NOD1, NOD2 and their adaptor molecule receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2)), and NF-κB p65 linearly or quadratically at 4 h. Oppositely, Asn up-regulated mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NOD signalling molecules (TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, IRAK1, NOD2 and RIPK2), and their negative regulators (radioprotective 105, single Ig IL-1R-related molecule, Erbb2 interacting protein and centaurin β1) linearly or quadratically at 24 h. These results indicate that, in early and late stages of LPS challenge, Asn improves liver integrity and exerts different regulatory effects on mRNA expression of TLR4 and NOD signalling molecules. © The Authors 2015.

语种： 英文

作者： Kang, Ping;Liu, Yulan*;Zhu, Huiling;Li, Shuang;Shi, Haifeng;...

期刊： European Journal of Nutrition,2015年54(4):581-588 ISSN：1436-6207

通讯作者： Liu, Yulan

作者机构： [Liu, Yulan; Pi, Dinan; Leng, Weibo; Kang, Ping; Li, Shuang; Shi, Haifeng; Hou, Yongqing; Chen, Feng; Yi, Dan; Zhu, Huiling] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Liu, Yulan] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Hubei Key Lab Anim Nutr & Feed Sci, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： Aspartate;Energy status;Liver;Piglets;Lipopolysaccharide

摘要： Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate whether aspartate (Asp) could improve liver energy status in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged pigs. Methods: Twenty-four weaned pigs were assigned to four treatments: (1) nonchallenged control (control diet and saline-treated); (2) LPS-challenged control (the same control diet and LPS-challenged); (3) LPS + 0.5 % Asp treatment (0.5 % Asp diet and LPS-challenged); and (4) LPS + 1.0 % Asp treatment (a 1.0 % Asp diet and LPS-challenged). On d 19, the pigs were injected intraperitoneally with Escherichia coli LPS at 100 μg/kg body weight, and the same volume of 0.9 % NaCl solution, respectively. All pigs were slaughtered at 24 h after LPS or saline injection, and the liver was collected for further analysis. Results: Dietary supplementation with Asp improved liver energy status evidenced by the increased ATP concentration and adenylate energy charges, and the decreased AMP concentration and AMP/ATP ratio (p < 0.05). Asp supplementation increased the mRNA expression of key enzymes in hepatic glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, including pyruvate kinase and citrate synthase (p < 0.05), and had a tendency to increase hepatic pyruvate dehydrogenase and isocitrate dehydrogenase β mRNA expression (p < 0.10). In addition, Asp increased the mRNA expressions of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1, AMPKα2, silent information regulator (Sirt1), and proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) (p < 0.05). Moreover, Asp increased AMPKα phosphorylation (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These results indicated that dietary supplementation of Asp could improve energy status in LPS-injured liver, which might result from motivating the metabolism pathway of TCA cycle and glycolysis and stimulating the AMPK signaling pathway. © 2014, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

语种： 英文

作者： Liu, Jun;Yan, Da-zhong*;Zhao, Sheng-jun

期刊： Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture,2015年95(13):2646-2651 ISSN：0022-5142

通讯作者： Yan, Da-zhong

作者机构： [Yan, Da-zhong; Liu, Jun] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;[Zhao, Sheng-jun] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

通讯机构： [Yan, Da-zhong] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Biol & Pharmaceut Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.

关键词： CUP1 gene;S. cerevisiae;food-grade system;monellin;ribosomal DNA

摘要： BACKGROUND: Genetically modified (GM) foods have caused much controversy. Construction of a food-grade delivery system is a desirable technique with presumptive impact on industrial applications from the perspective of bio-safety. The aim of this study was to construct a food-grade delivery system for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and to study the expression of monellin from the berries of the West African forest plant Dioscoreophyllum cumminsii in this system. RESULTS: A food-grade system for S. cerevisiae was constructed based on ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-mediated homologous recombination to enable high-copy-number integration of the expression cassette inserted into the rDNA locus. A copper resistance gene (CUP1) was used as the selection marker for yeast transformation. Because variants of transformants containing different copy numbers at the CUP1 locus can be readily selected after growth in the presence of elevated copper levels, we suggest that this system would prove useful in the generation of tandemly iterated gene clusters. Using this food-grade system, a single-chain monellin gene was heterologously expressed. The yield of monellin reached a maximum of 675 mg L-1. CONCLUSION: This system harbors exclusively S. cerevisiae DNA with no antibiotic resistance genes, and it should therefore be appropriate for safe use in the food industry. Monellin was shown to be expressed in this food-grade delivery system. To our knowledge, this is the first report so far on expression of monellin in a food-grade expression system in S. cerevisiae. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

语种： 英文