摘要：
Two trials were conducted to evaluate the performance of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei offered diets containing various copper (Cu) levels from Cu hydroxychloride (Cu2(OH)3Cl) containing 58.81% copper in the clear water recirculating system. In both trials, the basal diet (360 g kg−1 protein, 80 g kg−1 lipid) containing approximately 10 mg Cu kg−1 was primarily comprised of fishmeal, soybean meal, corn protein concentrate and whole wheat. In trial 1, test diets were produced supplementing the basal diet with 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 mg Cu kg−1 from Cu hydroxychloride. Four replicate groups of 15 shrimp per tank (initial weight 0.28 g) were offered diets in slight excess over 8 weeks. In trial 2, the basal diet was supplemented with 30, 90, 150, 210 and 270 mg Cu kg−1 from Cu hydroxychloride. Seven replicate groups of 15 shrimp per tank (initial weight 0.22 g) were offered feed in slight excess over 7 weeks. At the end of the two growth trials, no significant differences were observed in final biomass, final mean weight, percentage weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survival. In trial 1, the Cu concentrations of the carapace, hepatopancreas and whole shrimp linearly increased with increasing dietary Cu supplements. In trial 2, polynomial regression of Cu concentrations of the carapace, hepatopancreas and whole shrimp against analysed dietary Cu content indicated that a plateau was reached at 215 mg analysed Cu kg−1. Results of this study indicate that there was no negative effect of high levels of Cu supplement with regard to growth and survival. Tissue levels generally increased up to around 200 mg Cu kg−1 diet and then decreased, possibly indicating a shift in physiology.
摘要：
Animal models are needed to study and understand a human complex disease. Because of their similarities in anatomy, structure, physiology, and pathophysiology, the pig has proven its usefulness in studying human gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, ischemia/reperfusion injury, diarrhea, and cancer. To understand the pathogenesis of these diseases, a number of experimental models generated in pigs are available, for example, through surgical manipulation, chemical induction, microbial infection, and genetic engineering. Our interests have been using amino acids as therapeutics in pig and human disease models. Amino acids not only play an important role in protein biosynthesis, but also exert significant physiological effects in regulating immunity, anti-oxidation, redox regulation, energy metabolism, signal transduction, and animal behavior. Recent studies in pigs have shown that specific dietary amino acids can improve intestinal integrity and function under normal and pathological conditions that protect the host from different diseases. In this review, we summarize several pig models in intestinal diseases and how amino acids can be used as therapeutics in treating pig and human diseases.
作者机构：
[Yang, Bing; Ahmed, Saeed; Liu, Qianying; Lei, Zhixin; Xiong, Jincheng; Cao, Jiyue] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Pharmacol Lab, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Bing; Ahmed, Saeed; Liu, Qianying; Lei, Zhixin; Xiong, Jincheng; Cao, Jiyue] Huazhong Agr Univ, Nat Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Bing; Ahmed, Saeed; Liu, Qianying; Lei, Zhixin; Xiong, Jincheng; Cao, Jiyue] Huazhong Agr Univ, MAO Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Xu, Lei; Qiu, Yinsheng; Fu, Shulin] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao, Jiyue] H;[Qiu, Yinsheng] W;Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Vet Med, Vet Pharmacol Lab, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Huazhong Agr Univ, Nat Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Huazhong Agr Univ, MAO Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
Numerous studies have been conducted to examine the molecular mechanism of Haemophilus parasuis resistance to antibiotic, but rarely to tildipirosin. In the current study, transcriptional profiling was applied to analyse the variation in gene expression of JS0135 and tildipirosin-resistant JS32. The growth curves showed that JS32 had a higher growth rate but fewer bacteria than JS0135. The cell membranes of JS32 and a resistant clinical isolate (HB32) were observed to be smoother than those of JS0135. From the comparative gene expression profile 349 up- and 113 downregulated genes were observed, covering 37 GO and 63 KEGG pathways which are involved in biological processes (11), cellular components (17), molecular function (9), cellular processes (1), environmental information processing (4), genetic information processing (9) and metabolism (49) affected in JS32. In addition, the relative overexpression of genes of the metabolism pathway (HAPS_RS09315, HAPS_RS09320), ribosomes (HAPS_RS07815) and ABC transporters (HAPS_RS10945) was detected, particularly the metabolism pathway, and verified with RT-qPCR. Collectively, the gene expression profile in connection with tildipirosin resistance factors revealed unique and highly resistant determinants of H. parasuis to macrolides that warrant further attention due to the significant threat of bacterial resistance.
摘要：
Fish growth is an important index in aquaculture practice. However, the effect of growth under restricted feeding on quality of fish grown to the same size remains poorly unknown. In this study, yellow catfish were reared by feeding them at three different feeding rates such as low (FR-L group), medium (FR-M group) and high (apparent satiation) ration levels for 82, 58 and 34 days to reach the same size, respectively. After this period, the growth performance, whole-body amino acid composition and fatty acid profile of the fish were evaluated. Feeding restriction led to significant decreases in specific growth rate and feed conversion efficiency. Significant increases in dry matter, protein and energy contents were observed in fish under both restricted feeding treatments. FR-L-treated fish had significantly lower whole-body essential amino acid contents, and significantly higher Ala and non-essential amino acid contents compared to fish fed to satiation. Fish in restricted feeding treatments had significantly higher n-3 PUFA and n-3/n-6 ratio compared to the fish fed to satiation. The present results indicate that from a quality perspective, there are certain advantages in improvement of whole-body composition and enrichment of n-3 PUFA associated with the restricted feeding of yellow catfish at slow growth rate.
期刊：
Frontiers in Microbiology,2017年8(NOV):2125 ISSN：1664-302X
通讯作者：
Cao, Jiyue;Qiu, Yinsheng
作者机构：
[Yang, Bing; Zhao, Yishuang; Zhang, Shishuo; Lop, Zhixin; Wang, Chunqun; Cao, Jiyue] Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pharmacol, Coll Vet Med, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Bing; Ahmed, Saeed; Lop, Zhixin; Cao, Jiyue] Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Yang, Bing; Ahmed, Saeed; Lop, Zhixin; Cao, Jiyue] Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Qiu, Yinsheng; Fu, Shulin] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Sch Anim Sci & Nutr Engn, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Cao, Jiyue] H;[Qiu, Yinsheng] W;Huazhong Agr Univ, Dept Vet Pharmacol, Coll Vet Med, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Huazhong Agr Univ, Natl Reference Lab Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.;Huazhong Agr Univ, Key Lab Detect Vet Drug Residues, Wuhan, Hubei, Peoples R China.
摘要：
本试验旨在研究L-亮氨酸（Leu）对猪流行性腹泻病毒（PEDV）感染幼龄仔猪血液指标和空肠免疫相关基因m RNA表达量的影响,探索Leu对PEDV感染仔猪应激的缓解作用。选用30头体重相近的7日龄PEDV阴性仔猪,随机分为3个处理组：对照组、PEDV组和PEDV＋Leu组,每个处理10个重复,每个重复一头猪。试验期10 d（7日龄~16日龄）。从第0天开始对PEDV＋Leu组按2.8 g/kg体重饲喂Leu,而对照组和PEDV组均按4.1 g/kg体重饲喂L-丙氨酸。第7天早上对PEDV组和PEDV＋Leu组采用口服的方式接种106.5TCID50的PEDV,同时对照组采用口服的方式接种等剂量的生理盐水,3 d后（16日龄）取血液和肠道样品。结果表明：与对照组相比,PEDV组仔猪血液中总胆红素（TBIL）水平、血小板分布宽度（PDW）及空肠黏膜CXCL11、REG3G m RNA表达量分别降低了20.92%、9.76%、56.00%、36.00%（P〈0.05）,血液中白细胞（WBC）和淋巴细胞（LYM）数量、磷酸丝氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸浓度,及空肠粘膜GSTO2和HSPH1 m RNA水平分别提高了61.68%、27.66%、30.39%、50.54%、64.00%、75.00%、89.00%（P〈0.05）;与PEDV组相比,PEDV＋Leu组仔猪血液中组氨酸、天冬酰胺、尿素氮（BUN）浓度分别升高了55.43%、32.58%、83.33%（P〈0.05）,而二胺氧化酶（DAO）含量、单核细胞（MONO）、单核细胞比（Monocyte Ratio,MONOR）、磷酸丝氨酸、谷氨酸、异亮氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸及空肠黏膜MX1和GSTO2 m RNA水平分别降低了28.80%、47.13%、43.87%、10.53%、42.12%、29.48%、29.82%、33.50%、32.11%、28.00%（P〈0.05）。因此,日粮中添加Leu提高了PEDV感染仔猪的免疫功能,缓解了PEDV感染仔猪的应激。
摘要：
The experiment was conducted to study the effect of the glutamate (Glu) on muscle protein loss through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain proteins (NODs), Akt/Forkhead Box O (Akt/FOXO) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways in LPS-challenged piglets. Twenty-four weaned piglets were assigned into four treatments: (1) Control; (2) LPS+0% Glu; (3) LPS+1.0% Glu; (4) LPS+2.0% Glu. The experiment was lasted for 28 days. On d 28, the piglets in the LPS challenged groups were injected with LPS on 100 mu g/kg body weight (BW), and the piglets in the control group were injected with the same volume of 0.9% NaCl solution. After 4 h LPS or saline injection, the piglets were slaughtered and the muscle samples were collected. Glu supplementation increased the protein/DNA ratio in gastrocnemius muscle, and the protein content in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle after LPS challenge (P < 0.05). In addition, Glu supplementation decreased TLR4, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK) 1, receptor-interacting serine/threonine- protein kinase (RIPK) 2, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) mRNA expression in gastrocnemius muscle (P < 0.05), MyD88 mRNA expression in LD muscle, and FOXO1 mRNA expression in LD muscle (P < 0.05). Moreover, Glu supplementation increased p-Akt/t-Akt ratio (P < 0.05) in gastrocnemius muscle, and p-4EBP1/t-4EBP1 ratio in both gastrocnemius and LD muscles (P < 0.05). Glu supplementation in the piglets' diets might be an effective strategy to alleviate LPS-induced muscle protein loss, which might be due to suppressing the mRNA expression of TLR4 and NODs signaling-related genes, and modulating Akt/ FOXO and mTOR signaling pathways.
