摘要：
It is an urgent need of rapid and sensitive method for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ( E. coli O157:H7), a class of hazardous foodborne pathogens in food safety. The traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a dominant rapid detection technic, takes disadvantages of low test sensitivity due to the insufficient enzyme loading capacity. In this study, we successfully synthesized the self-assembled Au/polydopamine (PDA)/HRP nanocomposites with the high enzyme loading on the outer surface and in the inner space. The high catalytic activity of Au/PDA/HRP was maintained by virtue of its hyperbranched flexible structure. For E. coli O157:H7 detection in milk samples, the proposed immunoassay achieved a visual cut-off value of 10 3 cfu mL −1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.8 × 10 2 cfu mL −1 , 33 and 46 times more sensitive than the traditional ELISA, respectively. The tremendous advantages of high sensitivity, excellent specificity and adequate recovery make it promising for sensitively monitoring various kinds of pathogenic bacteria in food safety.
It is an urgent need of rapid and sensitive method for detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 ( E. coli O157:H7), a class of hazardous foodborne pathogens in food safety. The traditional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), a dominant rapid detection technic, takes disadvantages of low test sensitivity due to the insufficient enzyme loading capacity. In this study, we successfully synthesized the self-assembled Au/polydopamine (PDA)/HRP nanocomposites with the high enzyme loading on the outer surface and in the inner space. The high catalytic activity of Au/PDA/HRP was maintained by virtue of its hyperbranched flexible structure. For E. coli O157:H7 detection in milk samples, the proposed immunoassay achieved a visual cut-off value of 10 3 cfu mL −1 and a low limit of detection (LOD) of 2.8 × 10 2 cfu mL −1 , 33 and 46 times more sensitive than the traditional ELISA, respectively. The tremendous advantages of high sensitivity, excellent specificity and adequate recovery make it promising for sensitively monitoring various kinds of pathogenic bacteria in food safety.
摘要：
The aim of this work was to develop a fluorescence method based on the polydopamine-polyethyleneimine (PDA-PEI) copolymerization, which was subsequently applied for the determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in food contact papers (FCMs). PEI could provide an alkaline environment and then react with dopamine (DA) to produce copolymers by Michael addition and Schiff-base reactions. This copolymer has a strong fluorescence emission at 527 nm. We found that amino groups of DA and PEI could also react with 3-MCPD in an alkaline medium, which improved the morphology and fluorescence intensity of PDA-PEI copolymers. The fluorescence intensity of the polymers was linear but inversely proportional to the concentration of 3-MCPD in the range of 10.0–500.0 μg kg−1 and the detection limit was 2 μg kg−1. The standard addition method was used in FCMs to demonstrate the practical applicability and the spiked recoveries ranged from 99.8 to 110.3 %. Finally, the levels of 3-MCPD in different FCMs (n = 70) were determined by the proposed method. The detection frequencies ranged from 25 % to 100 % and both the highest detection frequency and levels were observed in kitchen papers. More than half of the samples did not comply with the limits recommended by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, suggesting that 3-MCPD released from FCMs is a major route of human exposure.
The aim of this work was to develop a fluorescence method based on the polydopamine-polyethyleneimine (PDA-PEI) copolymerization, which was subsequently applied for the determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) in food contact papers (FCMs). PEI could provide an alkaline environment and then react with dopamine (DA) to produce copolymers by Michael addition and Schiff-base reactions. This copolymer has a strong fluorescence emission at 527 nm. We found that amino groups of DA and PEI could also react with 3-MCPD in an alkaline medium, which improved the morphology and fluorescence intensity of PDA-PEI copolymers. The fluorescence intensity of the polymers was linear but inversely proportional to the concentration of 3-MCPD in the range of 10.0–500.0 μg kg−1 and the detection limit was 2 μg kg−1. The standard addition method was used in FCMs to demonstrate the practical applicability and the spiked recoveries ranged from 99.8 to 110.3 %. Finally, the levels of 3-MCPD in different FCMs (n = 70) were determined by the proposed method. The detection frequencies ranged from 25 % to 100 % and both the highest detection frequency and levels were observed in kitchen papers. More than half of the samples did not comply with the limits recommended by the German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, suggesting that 3-MCPD released from FCMs is a major route of human exposure.
摘要：
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a prevalently toxic mycotoxin in agro-products and foods. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive analytical methods is extremely important for OTA determination. Herein, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) was fabricated for the detection of OTA and compared with an aptasensor based on complementary DNA (cDNA). With the introduction of TDN, the aptamers were vertically anchored on the AuE surface resulting in reduced entanglement and non-specific adsorption. Under optimal conditions, this TDN-based aptasensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.68 ng/L with a broad linear range of 1–8000 ng/L. In comparison with the cDNA-based aptasensor (15.64 ng/L), the sensitivity was enhanced by 23 times, which demonstrated that the TDN was capable of facilitating the recognition between aptamers and OTA, giving rise to an improvement of the sensitivity. In addition, the practicability of this aptasensor was validated by determining wheat flour samples, which exhibited the comparable reliability to the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. This proposed strategy illustrated high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and stability, indicating its promising potential application in other contaminants.
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a prevalently toxic mycotoxin in agro-products and foods. Therefore, the development of highly sensitive analytical methods is extremely important for OTA determination. Herein, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on the tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) was fabricated for the detection of OTA and compared with an aptasensor based on complementary DNA (cDNA). With the introduction of TDN, the aptamers were vertically anchored on the AuE surface resulting in reduced entanglement and non-specific adsorption. Under optimal conditions, this TDN-based aptasensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.68 ng/L with a broad linear range of 1–8000 ng/L. In comparison with the cDNA-based aptasensor (15.64 ng/L), the sensitivity was enhanced by 23 times, which demonstrated that the TDN was capable of facilitating the recognition between aptamers and OTA, giving rise to an improvement of the sensitivity. In addition, the practicability of this aptasensor was validated by determining wheat flour samples, which exhibited the comparable reliability to the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method. This proposed strategy illustrated high sensitivity, specificity, reproducibility and stability, indicating its promising potential application in other contaminants.
作者机构：
[Shen, Xiaomin; Gong, Zhiyong; Wu, Yongning; Guo, Xiao; Yang, Qing; Fang, Min] Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Chinese Minist Educ, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.;[Feng, Hao; Geng, Yawen] Hubei Prov Inst Food Supervis & Test, Key Lab Detect Technol Focus Chem Hazards Anim Der, Wuhan 430075, Peoples R China.;[Wu, Yongning] Chinese Acad Med Sci, Food Safety Res Unit 2019RU014, NHC Key Lab Food Safety Risk Assessment, China Natl Ctr Food Safety Risk Assessment, Beijing, Peoples R China.;[Gong, ZY] Coll Food Sci & Engn, 68 Xuefu South Rd, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
通讯机构：
[Gong, ZY ] C;Coll Food Sci & Engn, 68 Xuefu South Rd, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
In vitro bioaccessibility;In vitro bioavailability;Selenium speciation;Selenium-rich pork;Selenium-rich rice
摘要：
Selenium plays a crucial role in preventing chronic diseases. In China, pork and rice are primary dietary sources of selenium; however, there is limited knowledge regarding the speciation and bioavailability of selenium in these foods. This study investigated the effects of key parameters on the selenium extraction efficiency from selenium-enriched rice and pork. Additionally, the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of selenium were evaluated. Results indicated that the total selenium extraction efficiency from rice was 83.85 %, from pork was 90.08 % under the optimized conditions. In rice, selenium was predominantly found as selenite (Se (IV)) (32.95 %) and selenomethionine (SeMet) (50.98 %). In pork, SeMet constituted 88.81 % of the total selenium content. The bioavailability of SeMet was 18.56 % in pork and 24.32 % in rice, compared to just 8.46 % for Se (IV) in rice. The insights gained will serve as a reference for optimizing selenium extraction processes and guiding dietary supplementation strategies.
Selenium plays a crucial role in preventing chronic diseases. In China, pork and rice are primary dietary sources of selenium; however, there is limited knowledge regarding the speciation and bioavailability of selenium in these foods. This study investigated the effects of key parameters on the selenium extraction efficiency from selenium-enriched rice and pork. Additionally, the in vitro bioaccessibility and bioavailability of selenium were evaluated. Results indicated that the total selenium extraction efficiency from rice was 83.85 %, from pork was 90.08 % under the optimized conditions. In rice, selenium was predominantly found as selenite (Se (IV)) (32.95 %) and selenomethionine (SeMet) (50.98 %). In pork, SeMet constituted 88.81 % of the total selenium content. The bioavailability of SeMet was 18.56 % in pork and 24.32 % in rice, compared to just 8.46 % for Se (IV) in rice. The insights gained will serve as a reference for optimizing selenium extraction processes and guiding dietary supplementation strategies.
通讯机构：
[Xiong, YH; Lai, WH ] N;[Liu, X ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, 36 Huanhu Middle Rd, Wuhan 430048, Peoples R China.;Nanchang Univ, State Key Lab Food Sci & Resources, 235 Nanjing East Rd, Nanchang 330047, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Metal nanocomposites;Multifunctional;Lateral flow immunoassay;Sensing performance
摘要：
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has emerged as a predominant point-of-care testing technology that triggers extensive applications in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Nevertheless, the classical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-LFIA is lacking in high sensitivity and merely appropriate for qualitative/semi-quantitative detection in most cases due to the inherent brightness constraints. The consecutive emergence of various kinds of metal nanocomposites (MNCs) endows the labels with multifunctional properties (magnetism, colorimetry, fluorescence, catalysis, photothermal effect, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)) to promote comprehensive sensing performance of LFIA (simplifying sample pretreatment procedures, expanding the detection ranges, reducing the matrix effects, providing multi-signal output modes, and improving the analytical sensitivity, etc.). This review systematically covers the synthetic strategies, structure design, multifunctional properties, and LFIA applications of MNCs and conclusion and future perspectives. The engineerable multifunctional MNCs hold significant promise for overcoming the current limitations of LFIA technology.
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) has emerged as a predominant point-of-care testing technology that triggers extensive applications in clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety. Nevertheless, the classical gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)-LFIA is lacking in high sensitivity and merely appropriate for qualitative/semi-quantitative detection in most cases due to the inherent brightness constraints. The consecutive emergence of various kinds of metal nanocomposites (MNCs) endows the labels with multifunctional properties (magnetism, colorimetry, fluorescence, catalysis, photothermal effect, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)) to promote comprehensive sensing performance of LFIA (simplifying sample pretreatment procedures, expanding the detection ranges, reducing the matrix effects, providing multi-signal output modes, and improving the analytical sensitivity, etc.). This review systematically covers the synthetic strategies, structure design, multifunctional properties, and LFIA applications of MNCs and conclusion and future perspectives. The engineerable multifunctional MNCs hold significant promise for overcoming the current limitations of LFIA technology.
摘要：
Given the severe toxicity and widespread presence of cadmium (Cd) in staple foods such as rice, accurate dietary exposure assessments are imperative for public health. In vitro bioavailability is commonly used to adjust dietary exposure levels of risk factors; however, traditional planar Transwell models have limitations, such as cell dedifferentiation and lack of key intestinal components, necessitating a more physiologically relevant in vitro platform. This study introduces an innovative three-dimensional (3D) intestinal organoid model using a microfluidic chip to evaluate Cd bioavailability in food. Caco-2 cells were cultured on the chip to mimic small intestinal villi's 3D structure, mucus production, and absorption functions. The model's physiological relevance was thoroughly characterized, demonstrating the formation of a confluent epithelial monolayer with well-developed tight junctions (ZO-1), high microvilli density (F-actin), and significant mucus secretion (Alcian blue staining), closely resembling the physiological intestinal epithelium. Fluorescent particle tracking confirmed its ability to simulate intestinal transport and diffusion. The Cd bioavailability in rice measured by the 3D intestinal organoid model ((9.07 +/- 0.21)%) was comparable to the mouse model ((12.82 +/- 3.42)%) but significantly lower than the Caco-2 monolayer model ((26.97 +/- 1.11)%). This 3D intestinal organoid model provides a novel and reliable strategy for in vitro assessment of heavy metal bioavailability in food, with important implications for food safety and risk assessment.
通讯机构：
[Fang, M; Zhao, XL ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, 68 Xuefu South Rd, Wuhan 430023, Hubei, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Microplastics;Lead and Arsenic;Zebrafish;Triple combined exposure;Developmental responses
摘要：
There remains a substantial knowledge gap in understanding the coexistence effects of Microplastics (MPs), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As), which are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Here, zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos were used to investigate the impact of triple combined exposure to MPs (50 μg/L), Pb 2+ (10 μg/L) and As 3+ (200 μg/L) on the developmental responses. Survival and hatching rates were notably reduced to 32.7 % and 58.8 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the frequency of spontaneous tail contractions increased by 8.1 %, whereas heart rate and body length decreased by 4.4 % and 5.1 %, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the triple exposure markedly disrupted developmental processes and altered behavioral profiles in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that the metabolic processes of glutathione and xenobiotics, as well as intracellular iron transport, were significantly impacted, triggering ferroptosis in the larvae exposed to triple combination. Collectively, the co-exposure to MPs, Pb 2+ and As 3+ even at low concentrations could significantly disrupt the developmental progress and biological functioning during the early stages of zebrafish. This will help guide future comprehensive studies on the impact of triple combined exposure during early developmental stages.
There remains a substantial knowledge gap in understanding the coexistence effects of Microplastics (MPs), lead (Pb) and arsenic (As), which are ubiquitous environmental contaminants. Here, zebrafish ( Danio rerio ) embryos were used to investigate the impact of triple combined exposure to MPs (50 μg/L), Pb 2+ (10 μg/L) and As 3+ (200 μg/L) on the developmental responses. Survival and hatching rates were notably reduced to 32.7 % and 58.8 %, respectively. Meanwhile, the frequency of spontaneous tail contractions increased by 8.1 %, whereas heart rate and body length decreased by 4.4 % and 5.1 %, respectively. These findings demonstrated that the triple exposure markedly disrupted developmental processes and altered behavioral profiles in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, 16 S rRNA sequencing revealed that the metabolic processes of glutathione and xenobiotics, as well as intracellular iron transport, were significantly impacted, triggering ferroptosis in the larvae exposed to triple combination. Collectively, the co-exposure to MPs, Pb 2+ and As 3+ even at low concentrations could significantly disrupt the developmental progress and biological functioning during the early stages of zebrafish. This will help guide future comprehensive studies on the impact of triple combined exposure during early developmental stages.
摘要：
Immunochromatographic assay (ICA) has been extensively utilized for on-site detection to ensure food safety. However, maintaining the bioactivity of immunoprobes while achieving efficient antibody labeling remains a significant challenge. In this study, a novel immunoprobe was developed by integrating tetrahedral DNA nanostructure (TDN) with protein A (PrA) and was subsequently applied in an ICA for the detection of lead ions. Notably, TDN served as a scaffold to enable a tailorable distribution of antibodies, while PrA acted as a bridging ligand to facilitate the oriented immobilization of antibodies. This strategy significantly enhanced the coupling efficiency of antibodies while maintaining their bioactivity. As expected, the proposed immunoprobe exhibited a higher affinity and a greater proportion of active antibodies compared to immunoprobes based solely on PrA or TDN. Moreover, the developed ICA achieved a visual limit of detection (vLOD) of 0.05 ng/mL and a scanning limit of quantitation (sLOQ) of 0.031 ng/mL for lead ions, respectively. By combining TDN and PrA, the AuNP-TDN-PrA-mAb immunoprobe enabled a controllable orientation and adjustable coverage density of antibodies. This unique property holds great potential for establishing a highly sensitive ICA, thereby meeting diverse detection requirements in practical applications.
通讯机构：
[Liu, Y ] W;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
Water caltrop shells;Polyphenols;Flavonoids;UPLC-MS/MS;Natural deep eutectic solvents
摘要：
Water caltrop shells are typically discarded as waste. Recent research has revealed that these shells are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, and suggesting they possess significant potential for recovery and utilization. This study identified six polyphenols, including pyrogallol and naringenin, and six flavonoids from the water caltrop shells using a widely targeted metabolomics analysis. A natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was constructed based on L-proline and 1,4-butanediol, which maximized the extraction of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from the samples. An analytical method for the quantification of these bioactive substances was developed using UPLC-MS/MS technology. Based on this method, the contents of typical polyphenols and flavonoids in Trapa shells from different production areas in China were analyzed. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that there were certain differences in the content of bioactive substances across samples from different regions. Samples from eastern production areas exhibited a richer content of bioactive substances, with higher levels of polyphenolic compounds compared to samples from other regions.
Water caltrop shells are typically discarded as waste. Recent research has revealed that these shells are rich in bioactive compounds such as polyphenols and flavonoids, and suggesting they possess significant potential for recovery and utilization. This study identified six polyphenols, including pyrogallol and naringenin, and six flavonoids from the water caltrop shells using a widely targeted metabolomics analysis. A natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) was constructed based on L-proline and 1,4-butanediol, which maximized the extraction of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from the samples. An analytical method for the quantification of these bioactive substances was developed using UPLC-MS/MS technology. Based on this method, the contents of typical polyphenols and flavonoids in Trapa shells from different production areas in China were analyzed. The results of the quantitative analysis revealed that there were certain differences in the content of bioactive substances across samples from different regions. Samples from eastern production areas exhibited a richer content of bioactive substances, with higher levels of polyphenolic compounds compared to samples from other regions.
摘要：
OPEs represent a class of novel persistent environmental pollutants. Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) are popular freshwater crustacean products among consumers, with the Jianghan Plain being a major production area. The objective of this study was to investigate the exposure levels of OPEs in crayfish from the Jianghan Plain, to assess the health and safety risks associated with the consumption of crayfish, and to explore the bioaccumulation effects of OPEs in sediments on crayfish. The results revealed that the detection rate of OPEs in crayfish was as high as 100 %, with triethyl phosphate (TEP) being the predominant contaminant in crayfish. Monte Carlo simulations conducted that the exposure to OPEs through the consumption of crayfish abdominal muscle does not pose a significant risk to human health. Additionally, the analysis of the bioaccumulation capacity of OPEs showed a considerable correlation between the concentration of OPEs in crayfish and their levels in sediments.
OPEs represent a class of novel persistent environmental pollutants. Crayfish ( Procambarus clarkii ) are popular freshwater crustacean products among consumers, with the Jianghan Plain being a major production area. The objective of this study was to investigate the exposure levels of OPEs in crayfish from the Jianghan Plain, to assess the health and safety risks associated with the consumption of crayfish, and to explore the bioaccumulation effects of OPEs in sediments on crayfish. The results revealed that the detection rate of OPEs in crayfish was as high as 100 %, with triethyl phosphate (TEP) being the predominant contaminant in crayfish. Monte Carlo simulations conducted that the exposure to OPEs through the consumption of crayfish abdominal muscle does not pose a significant risk to human health. Additionally, the analysis of the bioaccumulation capacity of OPEs showed a considerable correlation between the concentration of OPEs in crayfish and their levels in sediments.
作者机构：
[Yacheng Hao; Jiahao Mei; Dongfang Ling; Zhiyong Gong; Xin Liu] Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (The Chinese Ministry of Education), College of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan 430023, China;[Zhe Zhang; Mingfeng Xu] College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China;[Sai Li; Yilin Lin] Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;[Rongrong Yu] The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
通讯机构：
[Mingfeng Xu; Yilin Lin] C;[Rongrong Yu] T;Carbohydrate Laboratory, School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China<&wdkj&>The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China<&wdkj&>College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
摘要：
This study developed a novel phycocyanin nanoparticle (PCN) stabilized Pickering emulgel through the incorporation of amorphous cationic cassava starch (CCS), aiming to enhance stability and UV protection performance. The PCN/CCS complexes were fabricated by adjusting the PCN/CCS mass ratio (4:1–1:3), with optimal wettability ( θ = 90.8°) achieved through precise surface properties modulation. Further analysis revealed that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions dominated the PCN/CCS formation. Systematic investigation of oil phase content, particle concentration, and PCN/CCS ratio showed that the emulgel exhibited superior colloidal stability at an oil fraction of 70 %, an emulsifier concentration of 1 %, and a PCN/CCS ratio of 3:1. Notably, the CCS demonstrated bifunctional characteristics, serving as both co-stabilizer and gelling agent. Its long molecular chains construct a dense and cohesive gel network, conferring exceptional resistance to thermal (25–90 °C), pH (3–11), ionic (0–500 mM), centrifugation (4000 rpm, 10 min), and freeze-thaw stress. The emulgel exhibited markedly enhanced UV shielding, retaining 49.7 % of β -carotene and 23.8 % of astaxanthin after 72 h of exposure. These findings provide insights for designing innovative emulsification systems and the photoprotection of light-sensitive compounds for applications in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
This study developed a novel phycocyanin nanoparticle (PCN) stabilized Pickering emulgel through the incorporation of amorphous cationic cassava starch (CCS), aiming to enhance stability and UV protection performance. The PCN/CCS complexes were fabricated by adjusting the PCN/CCS mass ratio (4:1–1:3), with optimal wettability ( θ = 90.8°) achieved through precise surface properties modulation. Further analysis revealed that electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions dominated the PCN/CCS formation. Systematic investigation of oil phase content, particle concentration, and PCN/CCS ratio showed that the emulgel exhibited superior colloidal stability at an oil fraction of 70 %, an emulsifier concentration of 1 %, and a PCN/CCS ratio of 3:1. Notably, the CCS demonstrated bifunctional characteristics, serving as both co-stabilizer and gelling agent. Its long molecular chains construct a dense and cohesive gel network, conferring exceptional resistance to thermal (25–90 °C), pH (3–11), ionic (0–500 mM), centrifugation (4000 rpm, 10 min), and freeze-thaw stress. The emulgel exhibited markedly enhanced UV shielding, retaining 49.7 % of β -carotene and 23.8 % of astaxanthin after 72 h of exposure. These findings provide insights for designing innovative emulsification systems and the photoprotection of light-sensitive compounds for applications in cosmetics, food, and pharmaceuticals.
摘要：
This study explored stabilized emulsions using cassava starch (CS) and spirulina protein (SP) mixtures, targeting microbial proteins as potential replacements for animal proteins in food stability applications. The final viscosity and enthalpy change of the CS/SP mixtures decreased from 3.78 to 1.58 Pa·s and from 11 to 6.2 J/g with increased SP content (from 0 % to 40 %). Hydrophobic interactions were predominant in mixtures. Optimal emulsion stability was achieved with 70 % oil fraction and 40 % SP content, where adjustments in CS/SP ratio enhanced the robustness of cross-linked network. Thermal treatment, pH, and ionic strength differently affect emulsion storage stability for 42 days, with optimal performance at 70 °C, pH 3, and 50 mM NaCl. Synergistic stabilization of CS and SP was achieved through interfacial structures providing steric barriers and electrostatic repulsion, preventing droplet coalescence. This research highlights the potential of emulsions as nutrient delivery systems with high resilience against environmental stresses.
This study explored stabilized emulsions using cassava starch (CS) and spirulina protein (SP) mixtures, targeting microbial proteins as potential replacements for animal proteins in food stability applications. The final viscosity and enthalpy change of the CS/SP mixtures decreased from 3.78 to 1.58 Pa·s and from 11 to 6.2 J/g with increased SP content (from 0 % to 40 %). Hydrophobic interactions were predominant in mixtures. Optimal emulsion stability was achieved with 70 % oil fraction and 40 % SP content, where adjustments in CS/SP ratio enhanced the robustness of cross-linked network. Thermal treatment, pH, and ionic strength differently affect emulsion storage stability for 42 days, with optimal performance at 70 °C, pH 3, and 50 mM NaCl. Synergistic stabilization of CS and SP was achieved through interfacial structures providing steric barriers and electrostatic repulsion, preventing droplet coalescence. This research highlights the potential of emulsions as nutrient delivery systems with high resilience against environmental stresses.
摘要：
This paper attempted to construct shellac nanoparticles (SNP)-Pickering emulsion gels to enhance both stability and β -carotene bioaccessibility, incorporating amorphous cassava starch modified with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CS) as a co-stabilizer. Results showed that the surface properties of SNP/CS were engineered to gain the most suitable wettability ( θ = 93°). Molecular docking and zeta-potential results revealed that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions played a dominant role in the formation of SNP/CS mixtures. The appearance, micromorphology, oil droplet size, and rheological results suggested that the optimal stability of emulsion gels was achieved with an oil fraction of 70 %, an emulsifier concentration of 1 %, and an SNP/CS ratio of 4/1. Amorphous starch served not only as a co-stabilizer but also as a gelling agent, with its long chains in the matrix facilitating the formation of a dense and cohesive network that enhanced the stability of emulsion gel. The SNP/CS (4/1) stabilized emulsion gel exhibited increased viscosity and mechanical strength compared to the SNP-only stabilized sample. Notably, SNP/CS (4/1) emulsion displayed the highest β -carotene bioaccessibility (26.1 %). These findings underscore the potential of SNP/CS mixtures as effective stabilizers for emulsion gels, opening up new possibilities for their application in nutrient delivery.
This paper attempted to construct shellac nanoparticles (SNP)-Pickering emulsion gels to enhance both stability and β -carotene bioaccessibility, incorporating amorphous cassava starch modified with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (CS) as a co-stabilizer. Results showed that the surface properties of SNP/CS were engineered to gain the most suitable wettability ( θ = 93°). Molecular docking and zeta-potential results revealed that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions played a dominant role in the formation of SNP/CS mixtures. The appearance, micromorphology, oil droplet size, and rheological results suggested that the optimal stability of emulsion gels was achieved with an oil fraction of 70 %, an emulsifier concentration of 1 %, and an SNP/CS ratio of 4/1. Amorphous starch served not only as a co-stabilizer but also as a gelling agent, with its long chains in the matrix facilitating the formation of a dense and cohesive network that enhanced the stability of emulsion gel. The SNP/CS (4/1) stabilized emulsion gel exhibited increased viscosity and mechanical strength compared to the SNP-only stabilized sample. Notably, SNP/CS (4/1) emulsion displayed the highest β -carotene bioaccessibility (26.1 %). These findings underscore the potential of SNP/CS mixtures as effective stabilizers for emulsion gels, opening up new possibilities for their application in nutrient delivery.
摘要：
Mixed-mode sorbents exhibit two or more primary retention mechanisms, which can enhance the selectivity and capacity of the extraction process in a single step. In this study, a facile approach was proposed to prepare functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by post-synthetic oxidation. The composites could be varied independently for each processing step, resulting in four frameworks to meet different sample pretreatment requirements. Then, the fabricated MOFs were used as sorbents for the extraction and enrichment acidic and neutral compounds on an online solid phase extraction. The sorbents exhibited a dual retention mechanism combining hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and cation exchange interactions. Excellent linearity was observed over a range of 0.5–5000 μg kg-1 for the parabens and 10–50,000 μg kg-1 for the sulfonamides in pre-cooked foods. The detection limits were 0.02 and 1.27 μg kg-1, respectively. This method provided a novel mixed-mode framework for simultaneous determination of acidic and neutral compounds in complex samples.
Mixed-mode sorbents exhibit two or more primary retention mechanisms, which can enhance the selectivity and capacity of the extraction process in a single step. In this study, a facile approach was proposed to prepare functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) by post-synthetic oxidation. The composites could be varied independently for each processing step, resulting in four frameworks to meet different sample pretreatment requirements. Then, the fabricated MOFs were used as sorbents for the extraction and enrichment acidic and neutral compounds on an online solid phase extraction. The sorbents exhibited a dual retention mechanism combining hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and cation exchange interactions. Excellent linearity was observed over a range of 0.5–5000 μg kg-1 for the parabens and 10–50,000 μg kg-1 for the sulfonamides in pre-cooked foods. The detection limits were 0.02 and 1.27 μg kg-1, respectively. This method provided a novel mixed-mode framework for simultaneous determination of acidic and neutral compounds in complex samples.
Keywords Sulfonic acid functionalized metal-organic frameworks Parabens Sulfonamides Online solid phase extraction Pre-cooked foods
Sulfonic acid functionalized metal-organic frameworks
Parabens
Sulfonamides
Online solid phase extraction
Pre-cooked foods
通讯机构：
[Xu, L ] W;[Li, PW ] C;Wuhan Polytech Univ, Coll Food Sci & Engn, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;Minist Educ, Key Lab Deep Proc Major Grain & Oil, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.;Hubei Key Lab Proc & Transformat Agr Prod, Wuhan 430023, Peoples R China.
关键词：
aflatoxin B1;immunochromatographic assay;immunoprobe;tetrahedral DNA nanostructure
摘要：
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a widespread contaminant in food and feeds, poses a threat to the health of animals and humans. Consequently, it is significant to develop a rapid, precise and highly sensitive analytical method for the detection of AFB1. Herein, we developed an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) based on a tetrahedral DNA (TDN) immunoprobe for AFB1 determination in rice bran oil. Three sizes of TDN immunoprobes (AuNP-TDN13bp-mAb, AuNP-TDN17bp-mAb, AuNP-TDN26bp-mAb) were constructed, and the performance of these three immunoprobes, including the effective antibody labeling density and immunoaffinity, was measured and compared with that of the immunoprobe (AuNP-mAb) developed using the physical adsorption method. Subsequently, the optimal TDN immunoprobe, namely AuNP-TDN13bp-mAb, was selected to prepare the immunochromatographic strip (ICS) for the qualitative and quantitative detection of AFB1 in rice bran oil. The visual limits of detection (vLODs) of the ICS based on AuNP-TDN13bp-mAb and AuNP-mAb were 0.2 ng/mL and 2 ng/mL, with scanning quantitative limits (sLOQs) of 0.13 ng/mL and 1.4 ng/mL, respectively. The ICS demonstrated a wide linear range from 0.02 ng/mL to 0.5 ng/mL, with good specificity, accuracy, precision, repeatability, and stability. Moreover, a high consistency was observed between the constructed ICS and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in the quantification of AFB1. The results indicated that the introduction of TDN was beneficial for promoting efficient antibody labeling, protecting the bioactivity of immunoprobes, and increasing the sensitivity of detection, which would provide new perspectives for the achievement of the highly sensitive detection of mycotoxins.
摘要：
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging environmental pollutants that are present in aquatic environments and accumulate within the food chain, posing significant threats to human health. Over 8 million tons of MPs enter these ecosystems annually. However, existing rapid qualitative and quantitative analytical methods for trace MPs are limited, hindering comprehensive research on their impact in water environments. This study presents a novel composite membrane with both adsorption and filtration functions, integrated with surface enhanced-Raman scattering technology for detecting trace MPs in water. The silver dendrites, modified with n-hexanethiol and loaded onto filter paper, facilitate enhanced enrichment and simultaneous sensitive detection of MPs. The composite membrane exhibited excellent retention rates for standard polystyrene (PS) MPs of various sizes (200, 500, and 1000 nm), achieving high enrichment efficiency. Sensitive detection was realized with a linear response in a concentration range of 0.01 to 0.5 g/L, yielding optimal enhancement factors exceeding 2.92 × 10 3 , enabling detection at μg/L levels. Recovery rates for PS in spiked environmental water samples ranged from 96.86 % to 102.96 %. This innovative method offers a promising approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of trace MPs in aquatic environments, contributing significantly to the assessment of MPs pollution.
Microplastics (MPs) are emerging environmental pollutants that are present in aquatic environments and accumulate within the food chain, posing significant threats to human health. Over 8 million tons of MPs enter these ecosystems annually. However, existing rapid qualitative and quantitative analytical methods for trace MPs are limited, hindering comprehensive research on their impact in water environments. This study presents a novel composite membrane with both adsorption and filtration functions, integrated with surface enhanced-Raman scattering technology for detecting trace MPs in water. The silver dendrites, modified with n-hexanethiol and loaded onto filter paper, facilitate enhanced enrichment and simultaneous sensitive detection of MPs. The composite membrane exhibited excellent retention rates for standard polystyrene (PS) MPs of various sizes (200, 500, and 1000 nm), achieving high enrichment efficiency. Sensitive detection was realized with a linear response in a concentration range of 0.01 to 0.5 g/L, yielding optimal enhancement factors exceeding 2.92 × 10 3 , enabling detection at μg/L levels. Recovery rates for PS in spiked environmental water samples ranged from 96.86 % to 102.96 %. This innovative method offers a promising approach for the rapid and sensitive detection of trace MPs in aquatic environments, contributing significantly to the assessment of MPs pollution.
